Implementasi Sensor Ultrasonik Dalam Mendeteksi Volume Limbah B3 Pada Tempat Sampah Berbasis Internet of Things

In the process of monitoring the capacity of the B3 waste storage facility at PT Fadira Teknik, the manual method is still used to determine whether the waste load is full (ready to be disposed) or not. Where in the process, workers must come and look directly at the B3 waste storage area. This will increase jobs for factory workers because they must always monitor the level of B3 waste before or after carrying out work. Apart from being harmful to humans, the B3 waste disposed of from the factory is in the form of small particles such as invisible dust which can be accidentally inhaled by the nose or into the eyes of the workers. Therefore the aim of this research is to create a smart trash can system that can monitor the volume of B3 waste in the trash, where the trash uses the IoT (Internet of Things) system by utilizing the Arduino Uno component as a microcontroller and ultrasonic sensor to detect the volume of waste then sends waste volume data to the Blynk application via the internet network to display information on the capacity of the trash. The research method used is the experimental method starting from system analysis, system design, system implementation, testing and evaluation. Testing on this smart trash system uses black box testing with the results of these tests being quite good where each test case is as expected.

Efektivitas Pembuatan Kompos Dengan Aktivator EM4 dan MOL

A complicated problem for big city governments today is the increasing volume of solid waste, due to population growth and mobility so that the waste load will also increase, especially in metropolitan cities such as Makassar City. To reduce the rate of organic waste generation, which is 60%, is to use organic waste as compost, both liquid and solid. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of composting with EM4 and MOL activators. The results of the study with the addition of EM4 activator, MOL activator and without the addition of activator from the first day to the fourteenth day the compost structure was different. The addition of MOL produces a slightly coarser structure compared to the addition of EM4, while the compost without activator still smells like wet waste. The quality (C/N) of compost, the addition of 100 ml of EM4 was in the optimum level, while the addition of 100 ml of MOL was less than optimum.

DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL DENIM BLEACHING METHODS

Although the textile industry has many products to offer to humanity, it consumes a lot of energy and indirectly causes greenhouse gas emissions. With increasing environmental awareness, parameters such as the cost and performance of each industrial activity to society, as well as the use of natural resources and the possibility of causing global environmental problems to have become more frequently considered factors. In the denim bleaching process, the desired effect is usually obtained with the help of sodium hypochlorite. Sodium metabisulfite is then used for the neutralization process. Since these processes are carried out at high liquor ratios, the waste load resulting from the consumption of necessary chemicals and water is also high. In this study, ecological bleaching methods have been developed as an alternative to the conventional sodium hypochlorite bleaching method by reducing the use of water and chemicals with low liquor and spraying bleaching methods. Denim garments subjected to bleaching with low liquor and spraying methods were compared with denim garments applied to sodium hypochlorite bleaching in industrial washing machines according to exhaustion method. In the spraying method, the mixture coming out of the narrow nozzle is mixed with the compressed air by means of a specially designed spray gun and sprayed in very small droplets. Thus, a good atomization is ensured, and a low liquor ratio water cloud is created.

Efficient isolation of keratin from protein rich waste biomass: A practical approach to minimize environmental impact and valorize waste biomass

Among protein-containing biomass waste, waste animal wool, poultry feather, and human hair are considered as one of the most important renewable sources of keratin. Although waste animal wool (WAW) and human hair (WHH) are used for the production of number of products but the substantial quantity of short fibers not suitable for spinning and being unusable is thrown as waste resulting considerable environmental problem in terms of their accumulation in water bodies resulting water clogging and other related problems. Similarly, poultry waste especially the waste chicken feathers (WCF) is dumped or burnt, or used as low value fertilizer in certain applications. To extract more value-added products such as keratin from such wastes, herein suitability of an aqueous solution of quaternary ammonium hydroxide known as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (25% w/w TMAOH in water) to solubilize these protein wastes and to extract keratin from them was investigated. The solvent could solubilized ca. 39–44% w/w of WAW, 19–25% of WHH, and 55–60% of WCF. Crude keratin with ca 19–20%, 35–37%, and 69–74% were isolated from WAW, WHH, and WCF respectively. The chemical and structural stability of keratin thus isolated was established. The recovered TMAOH, insoluble WAW and WCF were found to be nontoxic to soil microbes. The recovered TMAOH thus generated after isolation of keratin was used for green gram (Vigna radiata) seed treatment and a substantial increase in the height (4–12%) and weight (9–58%) of the plants were observed. Treating biomass waste as a source of high value compounds may minimize environmental impact by reducing the waste load.

Photocatalytic Treatments for Personal Protective Equipment: Experimental Microbiological Investigations and Perspectives for the Enhancement of Antimicrobial Activity by Micrometric TiO2

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to countries enforcing the use of facial masks to prevent contagion. However, acquisition, reuse, and disposal of personal protective equipment (PPE) has generated problems, in regard to the safety of individuals and environmental sustainability. Effective strategies to reprocess and disinfect PPE are needed to improve the efficacy and durability of this equipment and to reduce waste load. Thus, the addition of photocatalytic materials to these materials, combined with light exposure at specific wavelengths, may represent promising solutions. To this aim, we prepared a series of masks by depositing micrometer-sized TiO2 on the external surfaces; the masks were then contaminated with droplets of bacteria suspensions and the coatings were activated by light radiation at different wavelengths. A significant reduction in the microbial load (over 90%, p < 0.01) was observed using both Gram negative (E. coli) and Gram positive (S. aureus) bacteria within 15 min of irradiation, with UV or visible light, including sunlight or artificial sources. Our results support the need for further investigations on self-disinfecting masks and other disposable PPE, which could positively impact (i) the safety of operators/workers, and (ii) environmental sustainability in different occupational or recreational settings.

Analisis Sistem Kelistrikan pada Beban Motor Mesin Pencacah Sampah Plastik

In this modern era, the activities of almost all humans depend on machines they make, such as single-phase induction electric motors, which are used to chop plastic waste. This chopping machine aims to help plastic collectors process plastic waste into small pieces, making it easier to pack and ship plastic out of the area for reprocessing. The plastic waste shredding machine is made using a crushing system with a fan-shaped blade construction consisting of 39 blades divided by two rotating rows opposite the cover box using a chain motor gear transmission element. Most of the chopper machines on the market use engines with diesel or diesel fuel, therefore a chopper machine using an electric motor is designed to compare the motor power without the addition of capacitors and capacitors. The waste load used for motors without additional capacitors, medium and large bottles measuring 375 ml to 1500 ml, the machine can chop as much as 800 grams with the highest measurement of power 578.0 Watt, current 4.192 A, the lowest motor speed measurement is 1414 rpm and the reducer speed is 22.9 rpm . The waste load used for motors with additional capacitors, medium and large bottles measuring 375 ml to 1500 ml, the machine can chop 1000 grams with the highest measurement of power 732.7 Watt, current 4.149 A, the lowest motor speed measurement is 1464 rpm and the reducer speed is 22.9 rpm.

River water quality management using a fuzzy optimization model and the NSFWQI Index

In this study, a novel multiple-pollutant waste load allocation (WLA) model for a river system is presented based on the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI). This study aims to determine the value of the quality index as the objective function integrated into the fuzzy set theory so that it could decrease the uncertainties associated with water quality goals as well as specify the river's water quality status rapidly. The simulation-optimization (S-O) approach is used for solving the proposed model. The QUAL2K model is used for simulating water quality in different parts of the river system and ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is applied as an optimizer of the model. The model performance was examined on a hypothetical river system with a length of 30 km and 17 checkpoints. The results show that for a given number of both the simulator model runs and the artificial ants, the maximum objective function will be obtained when the regulatory parameter of the ACO algorithm (i.e., q0) is considered equal to 0.6 and 0.7 (instead of 0.8 and 0.9). Also, the results do not depend on the exponent of the membership function (i.e., γ). Furthermore, the proposed methodology can find optimum solutions in a shorter time.

NUTRIENT WASTE LOAD FROM VANAME SHRIMP (Litopeneaus vannamei) AND ANALYSIS OF LAND SUITABILITY BASED ON WATER QUALITY CRITERIA IN EARTH IN EAST RAWAJITU PROSPEROUS

Bumi Dipasena Sejahtera as part of Bumi Dipasena, which is managed by PT. Dipasena Citra Darmaja is the largest shrimp farming in Southeast Asia. Since operating in 1980, Bumi Dipasena has made production up to 200 tons/day. However, the current condition shows a decrease in total production to 30 – 40 tons/day from 16.000 operated ponds. Decreasing production is caused by declining water quality. This study aims to find out about nutrient loading and water suitability based on water quality criteria. Nutrient loading is determined from total production calculated from three different ponds. Suitability analysis was conducted by matching and scoring methods based on water quality measured at 7 sites in the inlet, outlet, and pond site. The result shows that nutrient loading has the highest value at the highest production. Water suitability analysis both of inlet and ponds include in suit marginal class (S3).