Effects of Copper Extraction-Stripping Loops on Entrainment in Aqueous Raffinate

2014 ◽  
Vol 908 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Liu ◽  
Xiao Rong Liu ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Yong Sheng Li ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Copper Extraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Stabilization Mechanism ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Copper Solvent Extraction ◽  
Average Size

Effects of extraction-stripping loops of organic phase on organic chemical entrainment in the aqueous raffinate in copper solvent extraction were studied in this paper. Results demonstrated that the total amount of organic chemicals lost in the aqueous raffinate decreased with the increase of times of extraction-stripping loops but reached largest at third loop. Entrainment was the dominate way of organic chemicals losing in the aqueous raffinate at early stage of the loops. The formation of entrainment and its stabilization mechanism was also studied. The average size of entrained droplet trended to increase with extraction-stripping loops increasing. Meanwhile, the absolute value of zeta potential trended to decrease. The surface tension of the aqueous raffinate increased after reaching the minimum value 41.3 mN/m at the 3rd loop. It showed that the formation of entrained droplets and its stability were mainly affected by the surface tension of aqueous raffinate.

Effects of Strong-Acid on Performances of Copper Solvent Extraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Liu ◽  
Xiao Rong Liu ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Yong Sheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Copper Extraction ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Copper Solvent Extraction ◽  
Average Size

This paper studied the effect of strong acid---concentrated sulfuric acid---on organic phase physical properties, copper extraction rates as well as phase behaviors in the process of copper solvent extraction. Results demonstrate that with the increase of contact time between organic phase and concentrated sulfuric acid, the organic phase density and viscosity slightly decreased, copper extraction rate linearly decreased from 99.8% to 99.5%, and the average size of organic phase droplet in raffinate cyclically trended to decrease. When the contact time is less than 20 hrs, phase disengagement rate decreased slowly. However, further increasing the contact time the phase disengagement rate decreased rapidly. Organic phase physical properties have little effect on phase disengagement rate.

Diversity of Bioleaching Microorganisms in Interfacial Emulsion of Copper Solvent Extraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 1130 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Xiao Rong Liu ◽  
Chang Su ◽  
Dao Jie Chi ◽  
Xue Song Zheng ◽  
Hua Long Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Copper Extraction ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Copper Solvent Extraction ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

In the bioleaching - solvent extraction - electrowinning practices for copper extraction, the solvent extraction process is used to enrich the copper in the leachate to a high lever to make the sequent electrowinning process possible. O/W type of interfacial emulsion always forms at the interface between organic phase and aqueous phase in the solvent extraction practices. Diversified microorganisms were discovered by microscope growing in the interface emulsion of copper solvent extraction. The diversity of them was analyzed by using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. It was indicated that there exist seven categories of bacteria in the interface emulsion, among which common bioleaching bacteria, such as Leptospirillum sp.,Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Metallibacterium sp., are included. The dominant strains are Leptospirillum sp. E4-L9 and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270, which account up to 40.48 % and 38.1 %, respectively. It was uncovered that bioleaching bacteria can be intercepted by interfacial emulsion of solvent extraction to make their population in the raffinate lower and the efficiency of bioleaching decrease consequently.

scholarly journals A Monitoring System for the Copper Solvent Extraction - Electrowinning Process

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (24) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Ville Suontaka ◽  
Kari Saloheimo ◽  
Tom Marttila ◽  
Sirkka-Liisa Jämsä-Jounela
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Copper Solvent Extraction

Peroxide Pre-Oxidation of Recalcitrant Toxic Waste to Enhance Biodegradation

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Carberry ◽  
T. M. Benzing
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Aqueous Systems ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Oxidation Technology ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Pre Treatment

Land disposal is required for industrial chemicals which are not readily biodegraded. Such compounds lead to adverse effects on the environment if they escape containment. Recalcitrant and persistent hydrocarbons and chlorinated chemicals are inherently resistant to any degree of biodegradation and cause a growing threat to underground aquifer quality. Hydrogen peroxide is a potentially economical method of pre-oxidation utilized to enhance the biodegradation of persistent and recalcitrant organics in contaminated soil systems. This pre-oxidation technology was examined in a laboratory respirometer using three model toxic organic chemicals: toluene, trichloroethylene and pentachlorophenol. Microbial cultures were selected from contaminated sites for the degradation of each model organic chemical. The rate at which the microbes degraded the organic chemicals in unoxidized aqueous systems was compared to the rate of degradation in peroxide pre-oxidized aqueous systems. Results indicated that pre-oxidation enhanced the biodegradation of trichloroethylene and pentachlorophenol. Toluene, in contrast, was not significantly oxidized by pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide, and its biodegradation rate was not enhanced by the oxidation pre-treatment process.

scholarly journals Determination of the full deformation tensor by multi-Bragg fast scanning nano X-ray diffraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Andreas Johannes ◽  
Jura Rensberg ◽  
Tilman A. Grünewald ◽  
Philipp Schöppe ◽  
Maurizio Ritzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Deformation Tensor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grown Single Crystal

This work showcases a method to map the full deformation tensor in a single micro-sized crystal. It is shown that measuring the position of two Bragg reflections in reciprocal space is sufficient to obtain the full deformation tensor, if the condition of incompressibility of the material is imposed. This method is used to reveal the surface tension induced deformation at the edges of an as-grown single-crystal VO2 microwire. All components of the deformation tensor of the microwire were measured down to an absolute value of 10−4 in an 8 × 14 µm projected area of the wire. With a beam-defined spatial resolution of 150 × 150 nm, the measurement time was merely 2.5 h.

scholarly journals The H i bias during the Epoch of Reionization

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 (4) ◽  
pp. 5739-5748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiao Xu ◽  
Yidong Xu ◽  
Bin Yue ◽  
Ilian T Iliev ◽  
Hy Trac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Intergalactic Medium ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Scale Dependence ◽  
Neutral Fraction ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Small Scales

ABSTRACT The neutral hydrogen (H i) and its 21 cm line are promising probes to the reionization process of the intergalactic medium (IGM). To use this probe effectively, it is imperative to have a good understanding on how the neutral hydrogen traces the underlying matter distribution. Here, we study this problem using seminumerical modelling by combining the H i in the IGM and the H i from haloes during the epoch of reionization (EoR), and investigate the evolution and the scale dependence of the neutral fraction bias as well as the 21 cm line bias. We find that the neutral fraction bias on large scales is negative during reionization, and its absolute value on large scales increases during the early stage of reionization and then decreases during the late stage. During the late stage of reionization, there is a transition scale at which the H i bias transits from negative on large scales to positive on small scales, and this scale increases as the reionization proceeds to the end.

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