Knowledge of the Construction Technique of the Multiple Leaf Masonry Façades of Palazzo Ducale in Venice with ND and MD Tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 919-921 ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Boscato ◽  
Alessandra Dal Cin ◽  
Gianna Riva ◽  
Salvatore Russo ◽  
Francesca Sciarretta
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Health State ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Entire Structure ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Non Destructive

This paper presents a first program of non-destructive tests carried out on two medieval façades and inside the main rooms of Palazzo Ducale in Venice, i.e. the room of Maggior Consiglio and the room of Scrutinio. A probably multiple leaf load-bearing brick masonry and an external cladding of polychrome stones compose these façades under investigation. The aim of the tests concern the improvement of knowledge about the construction technique and the mechanical features of these important historical facades. The program was set up after a preliminary historic investigation. Non-destructive and minor-destructive investigations (i.e. pattern surveys, endoscopic tests and georadar test) on the inner sides of the two walls of the area under examination were carried out for the analytical determination of the construction technique and structural characteristics, not clearly inferable from the literature.Due to the complexity of the structure and the transformations undergone in seven hundred years of life, and to the very limited investigable areas of the internal surface, the results of investigations cannot be extended to the entire structure. Nevertheless, these tests provide valuable clues to give a correct interpretation of the construction technique and to contribute to identify the possible mechanical properties, which provide knowledge about the health state of the building.

scholarly journals Microplastic Fibers Released by Textile Laundry: A New Analytical Approach for the Determination of Fibers in Effluents

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haap ◽  
Classen ◽  
Beringer ◽  
Mecheels ◽  
Gutmann
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Image ◽  
Fiber Analysis ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Dynamic Image Analysis ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Non Destructive

The detection of shedded fibers in effluents from textile washing has attracted much attention due to its reported contribution to microplastic pollution. Commonly used analytical methods for fiber detection in liquids are based on filtration with subsequent microscopic analysis and/or gravimetric weighing. These approaches are time-consuming and prone to errors. In this study, an approach based on dynamic image analysis was applied in order to set up an efficient method to analyze fibers in effluents from washing processes. In an initial validation step, reliable information on the counts of fibers and the morphological characteristics were confirmed. For wastewaters from polyester-cotton blends, the chemical nature of the fiber debris (natural vs. synthetic origin) was determined by combining the dynamic image analysis with a chemical pre-treatment. In this study, dynamic image analysis was revealed as a rapid, non-destructive, precise, and reliable technology for the characterization and quantification of the fiber debris, offering a promising approach for fiber analysis in liquids.

A Finite Length Plain Journal Bearing Theory

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Capone ◽  
V. D’Agostino ◽  
D. Guida
Keyword(s):  
Finite Length ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Static Characteristics ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

This paper describes a theory for the approximated analytical determination of pressure distribution in the gap of a generic finite length journal bearing in isothermal laminar lubrication conditions as the position assumed by the journal axis varies in a reference frame fixed in the bearing. The same theory is used to set up lubricated finite length journal bearing models in order to obtain an analytical description of the fluid film force, which is characterized by considerable prediction accuracy in the whole field defining the length-diameter ratio. In order to assess the model’s prediction accuracy, the static characteristics of the journal bearing are analytically determined. The theoretical results, presented in the form of diagrams, are compared with the corresponding results obtained numerically.

scholarly journals Selection and application of the minimum gas injection volume of air drilling with raise boring machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 03017
Author(s):  
Bo HAN ◽  
Shou-ye CHENG ◽  
Hao NIU ◽  
Ming ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Injection Volume ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Rapid Construction ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Air Drilling

Gas injection volume is the key parameter of air drilling with raise boring machine, and the determination of the minimum gas injection volume is one of the key technologies to improve the drilling speed and shorten the drilling period. Based on the characteristics of raise boring technology, the construction technique of raise boring with air as circulating medium is studied, and the double-channel structural characteristics of direct circulation system are discussed. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the principle and characteristics of the calculation methods, the minimum gas injection volume required for rock carrying in the engineering of air drilling with raise boring machine is calculated by using the minimum velocity method. The research results provide a basis for the design of drilling parameters and are of great significance for expanding the application range of raise boring method and realizing the safe and rapid construction of shaft.

scholarly journals Defining a Non-Destructive In Situ Approach for the Determination of Historical Mortar Strength Using the Equotip Hardness Tester

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4788
Author(s):  
Elisa Mammoliti ◽  
Antonio Ferretti ◽  
Michele Malavolta ◽  
Riccardo Teloni ◽  
Paolo Ruggeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Mortar Strength ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Non Destructive

The determination of mechanical parameters of historical mortars is a crucial aspect in the analysis of masonry in ancient buildings, especially for evaluating their quality and planning the appropriate restoration interventions. Due to conservation reasons, creating a comprehensive database is generally not possible because cutting out masonry specimens relates to damaging historical structures. This study starts with the need to characterize the mortar quality of different buildings in the town of Camerino (Central Italy) which has been strongly damaged by the 2016–2017 seismic sequence. A non-destructive collecting data strategy based on the use of the Equotip hardness tester (EQ) has been set up by evaluating the most appropriates impact strategy (single or repeated) and the range of measurements to calculate the basic statistics. The seismic damage suffered by the buildings allowed the rare opportunity to take samples from several walls and carry out laboratory tests to determine their Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS). The comparison between the results of the two types of tests made it possible to calibrate a relationship between the EQ values and the UCS. The Pearson’s coefficient of determination derived from an exponential interpolation (R2 = 0.81) confirmed a strong relationship between the EQ values derived from the tests on the specimens and the UCS. Moreover, comparing the in situ EQ measurements with the ones performed on the specimens prepared for the compressive tests, a general underestimation of the in situ EQ values has been observed, possibly due to the presence of a superficial alteration layer of the exposed mortar. From these results, we propose a correction of the in situ measurements able to obtain a more appropriate strength estimate of the historical mortars.

Stoichiometric Determination of Graphite Intercalation Compounds Using Rutherford Backscatiering Spectrometry

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Salamanca-Riba ◽  
B.S. Elman ◽  
M.S. Dresselhaus ◽  
T. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Error ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering ◽  
Intercalation Compounds ◽  
Graphite Intercalation Compounds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Graphite Intercalation ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACTRutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is used to characterize the stoichiometry of graphite intercalation compounds (GIC). Specific application is made to several stages of different donor and acceptor compounds and to commensurate and incommensurate intercalants. A deviation from the theoretical stoichiometry is measured for most of the compounds using this non-destructive method. Within experimental error, the RBS results agree with those obtained from analysis of the (00ℓ) x-ray diffractograms and weight uptake measurements on the same samples.

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