Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities under Different Soil Salinity Levels Analyzing by PLFA

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Yan Jiao ◽  
Ming De Yang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Salinized Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Composition

Under different soil salinity levels, diversity of soil microbial communities from Hetao irrigated land of Inner Mongolia was studied by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. The study found that PLFAs biomass in saline soil was significantly lower than those of strongly salinized soil and slight salinized soil. Microbes was bacteria-based from these soil. The bacterial PLFA loading in saline soil is significantly less than those of strongly salinized soil and slight salinized soil . Cluster analysis showed that changes had obviously taken place on soil microbial composition and quantity under different soil salinity levels.About 76.89% of variation in PLFA patterns explained by PC1(the first  principal components),and 17:1, 16:0, 18:1w9c, 18:1w9t, 18:2, 18:3w3c, 12:0 were strongly negatively correlated with PC1.However,soil salinity and pH were positively correlated with PC1.We conclude that soil salinity has  a profound affect on the microbial community structure.

scholarly journals Comparison of Drivers of Soil Microbial Communities Developed in Karst Ecosystems with Shallow and Deep Soil Depths

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Huiling Guan ◽  
Jiangwen Fan ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Warwick Harris
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Karst Ecosystems

Soil erosion is prevalent in karst areas, but few studies have compared the differences in the drivers for soil microbial communities among karst ecosystems with different soil depths, and most studies have focused on the local scale. To fill this research gap, we investigated the upper 20 cm soil layers of 10 shallow–soil depth (shallow–SDC, total soil depth less than 100 cm) and 11 deep–soil depth communities (deep–SDC, total soil depth more than 100 cm), covering a broad range of vegetation types, soils, and climates. The microbial community characteristics of both the shallow–SDC and deep–SDC soils were tested by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFAs) analysis, and the key drivers of the microbial communities were illustrated by forward selection and variance partitioning analysis. Our findings demonstrated that more abundant soil nutrients supported higher fungal PLFA in shallow–SDC than in deep–SDC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, stronger correlation between the microbial community and the plant–soil system was found in shallow–SDC: the pure plant effect explained the 43.2% of variance in microbial biomass and 57.8% of the variance in the ratio of Gram–positive bacteria to Gram–negative bacteria (G+/G−), and the ratio of fungi to total bacteria (F/B); the pure soil effect accounted for 68.6% variance in the microbial diversity. The ratio of microbial PLFA cyclopropyl to precursors (Cy/Pr) and the ratio of saturated PLFA to monounsaturated PLFA (S/M) as indicators of microbial stress were controlled by pH, but high pH was not conducive to microorganisms in this area. Meanwhile, Cy/Pr in all communities was >0.1, indicating that microorganisms were under environmental stress. Therefore, the further ecological restoration of degraded karst communities is needed to improve their microbial communities.

scholarly journals Long-Term Amelioration Practices Reshape the Soil Microbiome in a Coastal Saline Soil and Alter the Richness and Vertical Distribution Differently Among Bacterial, Archaeal, and Fungal Communities

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruibo Sun ◽  
Xiaogai Wang ◽  
Yinping Tian ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Xiaohui Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Coastal Saline Soil ◽  
Plastic Mulching

Globally soil salinity is one of the most devastating environmental stresses affecting agricultural systems and causes huge economic losses each year. High soil salinity causes osmotic stress, nutritional imbalance and ion toxicity to plants and severely affects crop productivity in farming systems. Freezing saline water irrigation and plastic mulching techniques were successfully developed in our previous study to desalinize costal saline soil. Understanding how microbial communities respond during saline soil amelioration is crucial, given the key roles soil microbes play in ecosystem succession. In the present study, the community composition, diversity, assembly and potential ecological functions of archaea, bacteria and fungi in coastal saline soil under amelioration practices of freezing saline water irrigation, plastic mulching and the combination of freezing saline water irrigation and plastic mulching were assessed through high-throughput sequencing. These amelioration practices decreased archaeal and increased bacterial richness while leaving fungal richness little changed in the surface soil. Functional prediction revealed that the amelioration practices, especially winter irrigation with saline water and film mulched in spring, promoted a community harboring heterotrophic features. β-null deviation analysis illustrated that amelioration practices weakened the deterministic processes in structuring coastal saline soil microbial communities. These results advanced our understanding of the responses of the soil microbiome to amelioration practices and provided useful information for developing microbe-based remediation approaches in coastal saline soils.

scholarly journals Characteristics and influencing factors of soil microbial communities in different subtropical forest stands in Jinyun Mountain, Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan An ◽  
Yunqi Wang ◽  
Jialiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract BackgroundAn insight into the soil microbial functions and spatial distribution of soil resources is an important basis for evaluating and managing plant growth in subtropical forests. Soil samples were collected from five forest stands in Jinyun Mountain Natural Reserve (JMNR) in Chongqing located at the Three Gorges Reservoir area: Gordonia acuminata evergreen broad-leaved forest (GAEBF), Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (CLF), Phyllostachys pubescens forest (PPF), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CBLMF) dominated by Pinus massoniana and Gordonia acuminata (PM&GA), and the CBLMF dominated by Pinus massoniana and Symplocos setchuensis (PM&SS). Combined with phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and Sherlock microbial identification system (MIS), the structure of soil microbial communities in different forest stands was investigated.ResultsThe results showed that the PLFAs of soil microorganisms under the forest in JMNR have a high diversity. The PLFA dominance values of the five stands were 16:0, 19:0 cyclo ω7c, 18:0, 15:0 iso and 16 :0 10-methyl. Furthermore, soil microorganisms are dominated by Gram-negative bacteria, and the PLFAs content of soil bacteria in different forest stands is higher than that of fungi PLFAs. Regarding the phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers, the two CBLMFs are the highest, followed by CLF and GAEBF and PPF is the least. Moreover, the proportion of microorganisms in the soil of different forest stands varies. Among them, MP&SS has the highest gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi.ConclusionsRDA analysis shows that the main influencing factors of PLFAs in the soil of different forest stands are the content of iron oxide, aluminium oxide, organic matter and total nitrogen in the soil, which are considered to be able to reflect the soil nutrient status of JMNR effectively.

scholarly journals Ester Linked Fatty Acid (ELFA) method should be used with caution for interpretating soil microbial communities and their relationships with environmental variables in forest soils

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251501
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Yu ◽  
Huanhuan Gao ◽  
Hongzhang Kang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Forest Sites

As an alternative for phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, a simpler ester linked fatty acid (ELFA) analysis has been developed to characterize soil microbial communities. However, few studies have compared the two methods in forest soils where the contribution of nonmicrobial sources may be larger than that of microbial sources. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the two methods yield similar relationships of microbial biomass and composition with environmental variables. Here, we compared PLFA and ELFA methods with respect to microbial biomass and composition and their relationships with environmental variables in six oriental oak (Quercus variabilis) forest sites along a 1500-km latitudinal gradient in East China. We found that both methods had a low sample-to-sample variability and successfully separated overall community composition of sites. However, total, bacterial, and fungal biomass, the fungal-to-bacterial ratio, and the gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria ratio were not significantly or strongly correlated between the two methods. The relationships of these microbial properties with environmental variables (pH, precipitation, and clay) greatly differed between the two methods. Our study indicates that despite its simplicity, the ELFA method may not be as feasible as the PLFA method for investigating microbial biomass and composition and for identifying their dominant environmental drivers, at least in forest soils.

Peanut/Cotton Intercropping Increases Productivity and Economic Returns by Regulating Nutrient Accumulation and Soil Microbial Communities Under both Normal and Saline Soil Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xie ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Xiaoxia Zou ◽  
Xiaojun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Functional Features

Abstract Background Intercropping has been widely adopted by farmers for it often enhances crop productivity and economic returns; however, the underpinning mechanisms from the perspective of belowground interspecific interactions are only partly understood especially when intercropping under saline soil conditions. By using permeable (100 µm) and impermeable (solid) root barriers in a multi-site field experiment, we aimed to study the impact of root-root interactions on nutrient accumulation, soil microbial communities, crop yield, and economic returns in a peanut/cotton intercropping system under non-saline, secondary-saline, and coastal saline soil conditions. Results The results indicate that intercropping (IC) decreased the peanut pods yield while increased the seed cotton yield, and consequently enhanced the economic returns compared with monoculture of peanut (MP) and cotton (MC). The higher accumulations of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were also observed in IC not only in the soil but also in vegetative tissues and reproductive organs. Bacterial community structure analysis under normal growth conditions reveals that IC dramatically altered the soil bacterial abundance composition in both peanut and cotton strips of the top soil whereas the bacterial diversity was barely affected compared with MP and MC. At blossom-needling stage, the metabolic functional features of the bacterial communities such as fatty acid biosynthesis, lipoic acid metabolism, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of ansamycins were significantly enriched in MP compared with other treatments. Conversely, these metabolic functional features were dramatically depleted in MP while significantly enriched in IC at podding stage. Permeable root barrier treatments (NC-P and NC-C) counteracted the benefits of IC and the side effects were more pronounced in impermeable treatments (SC-P and SC-C). Conclusion Peanut/cotton intercropping increases crop yield as well as economic returns under non-saline, secondary-saline, and coastal saline soil conditions probably by modulating the soil bacterial abundance composition and accelerating nutrients accumulation.

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