Evaluation of Ground Thermal Infrared Camouflage Using Pure Technical and Pure Scale Dynamic DEA Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 2323-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Xu Liang Lü ◽  
Bing Zhen Li ◽  
Xiao Peng Li ◽  
Huai Xiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Time Parameter ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
New Models ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale ◽  
Infrared Camouflage

For coping with modern thermal infrared reconnaissance, thermal infrared camouflage is becoming the hotspot of camouflage pattern research. Concerning the traditional methods on evaluating ground thermal infrared camouflage can’t solve the “dynamic” problem and the pure technical as well as pure scale efficiency. This article established new models to figure it out. The new measure introduced time parameter to construct dynamic model, then it set up pure technical dynamic DEA model which supposed it had variable returns to scale. Through the relationship among technical, pure technical and pure scale DEA model, we can get the pure scale dynamic DEA model. Finally, an example was calculated which shows the application of the new models.

scholarly journals Does Access to Modern Marketing Channels Improve Dairy Enterprises’ Efficiency? A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-82
Author(s):  
Sana Sadaf ◽  
Khalid Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

The main objective of this study is to investigate how access to modern marketing channels impacts the efficiency of dairy enterprises. Using data on dairy farms in central Punjab (Sargodha), we carry out a nonparametric data envelopment analysis to measure their technical and scale efficiencies. The results show that, for the sample dairy enterprises, the mean technical efficiency under variable returns to scale was 0.89 while scale efficiency was 0.94. The results of a follow-on regression analysis support the hypothesis that the access to modern marketing channels, where payment for fresh milk is based on measured milk quality (fat content), improved efficiency. We find that efficiency is positively affected by the size of dairy operations, and negatively by the size of operational land area. Moreover, dairy enterprises with smaller herds tend to operate at a suboptimal scale, possibly due to credit and/or land constraints.

scholarly journals Application of Window Malmquist Index for Examination of Efficiency Change of Czech Commercial Banks

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Iveta Palecková
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

Abstract The aim of the paper is to apply the Window Malmquist index approach to examine the efficiency change of Czech commercial banks within the period 2004-2013. We used the Data Envelopment Analysis and theWindow Malmquist index approaches to estimate the efficiency change of Czech commercial banks. The average efficiency computed under the assumption of constant returns to scale was 73% and under the assumption of variable returns to scale the value was 83%. We estimated the average positive efficiency growth of Czech commercial banks during the period 2004-2013. We found that average scale efficiency was 88%, which means that Czech commercial banks were of an inappropriate size, especially the largest banks.

Measuring the financial efficiencies and performances of Turkish funds

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gökgöz
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Portfolio Performance ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Programming Technique ◽  
Dea Models ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

Measuring the financial efficiencies of mutual funds in emerging markets has played an important role in finance literature. Charnes et al. (1978) advocated Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a valuable mathematical programming technique, which is used to measure the technical, pure and scale efficiencies of decision making units. The general form of DEA is the CCR model that depends on the assumption of constant returns to scale. Subsequently, Banker et al. (1984) developed an alternative DEA model which includes a variable returns to scale approach. The aim of this study is to measure and compare the financial efficiencies of Turkish securities and pension funds in the 2006–2007 period. In this respect, 36 securities mutual funds (SMFs) and 41 pension mutual funds (PMFs) have been evaluated comparatively according to classical portfolio performance measures and DEA models. Results from performance indices and DEA models reveal that PMFs have higher portfolio performances and financial efficiencies than SMFs in the 2006–2007 period. However, SMFs and PMFs have shown considerable increases in efficiency in the 2006–2007 period according to CCR and BCC models. Of the 77 funds studied, 23 funds in 2007 and 20 funds in 2006 demonstrated scale efficiency. Furthermore, the input ratios should be considerably improved for 2006 and 2007. But, mostly the output values of the funds were found to have remained unchanged in the case of PMFs and SMFs in 2007. The output ratios for 2006 should be considerably improved, especially in the case of SMFs. Finally, the DEA method is evaluated as a substantial quantitative tool for investors in analysing the financial efficiencies of funds in the capital markets.

scholarly journals DEA Window Analysis Efficiency Measurement of Selected Nigerian Bank

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
IJ DIKE
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Window Analysis ◽  
Scale Size ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Dea Window Analysis ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

This study analyzes the performance efficiency of six selected banks in Nigeria for the period 2010 – 2016. DEA window analysis was employed to establish the performance efficiency of the selected banks. The analysis is based on panel data for the period under review. The result of the DEA window analysis for the reviewed period showed that the average efficiency scores under constant returns to scale ranged from 84% to 91%. Under the variable returns to scale, the average efficiency scores ranged from 91% to 95%. The average inefficiency of the selected Nigeria commercial banks under the constant returns to scale model was in the range 9 – 16%. This inefficiency could be attributed to the excess of customers deposits on the balance sheet of the selected banks. The average scale efficiency for the banks was 93%. Guaranty Trust Bank was the most efficient bank on all measures. United Bank for Africa was the most inefficient bank under constant returns to scale and variable returns to scale. It was however, more scale efficient than three other banks, an indication that its inefficiency cannot be attributed to inappropriate scale size.

scholarly journals Applying DEA in Analysing the Efficiency of Top Manufacturing Companies in Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Izah Mohd Tahir ◽  
Mehran Ali Memon
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

The efficiency of manufacturing companies is one of the critical elements for its competitiveness in the domestic as well as international markets. Previous research on efficiency measurement usually adopts Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. Therefore this paper is aimed to analyse the efficiency of 14 top manufacturing companies in Pakistan for a five year period from 2006 to 2010. Data of top 14 manufacturing companies are gathered from OSIRIS database. DEA method is applied using both the Constant Returns to Scale (CCR) and Variable Returns to Scale (BCC) models to find the overall efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency. In this paper we use two input variables (total expenses and total assets) and two output variables (sales and profit before tax). The results under CCR method show that only one company is considered technically efficient while the average overall technical efficiency varies from 0.64 to 0.99. Company number 5 (NRL) demonstrates the best performance for all years under study.

scholarly journals PREDICTING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN BANGLADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Md. Golam Solaiman ◽  
Md. Shahnur Azad Chowdhury ◽  
Basharat Hossain ◽  
Sultana Akter ◽  
Md. Kazi Golam Azam
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Domestic Banks ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

This paper examines the efficiency of the thirty-six commercial banks (27 Domestic and 9 Foreign Banks) by reviewing Literature and analyzing 6 years (2011-2016) data. The sample was selected based on the availability of data.  It is assumed that the banking sector complies with the variable returns to scale (VRS) approach which means the output of a bank is not proportionately related to its inputs. Therefore, VRS in the ‘Data Envelop Analysis (DEA)’ technique has been employed in this paper. The findings reveal that most (30 banks out of 36 banks) of the banks of Bangladesh are inefficient in terms of technical, allocative, and scale efficiency during the 2011-2016 periods. Conversely, only six banks (4 domestic banks and 2 foreign banks) were found efficient in overall scores in this scrutinization. This study did not find any single bank as efficient in all categories (allocative efficiency, technical efficiency, pure efficiency ratio) for the whole study period (2011-2016). This paper provides valuable intuition, analysis, and comments to the managers and policymakers of the bank’s efficiency score so that they comprehend their position. Finally, this paper suggests necessary steps to transform the inefficient banks into efficient banks, and to make stable the banking sector of Bangladesh. JEL Classification Codes: E51, G21, M1.  

scholarly journals Efficiency and productivity of Vietnamese pangasius processing and exporting firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Ngọc Duy
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

This study aims to measure the efficiency and productivity of Vietnamese pangasius processing and exporting firms, using variables of assets and liabilities in 2009-2014. The results show that the average resource use efficiency of the firms in this period is about 67.7% with a constant returns-to-scale, 79.4% with a variable returns-to-scale, and a scale efficiency (SE) of 85.5%. Firms need to increase their efficiency by 14.5% to achieve the optimal SE. More than half of the firms have efficiency lower than the industry average, suggesting that they were wasting their asset and liability resources, especially the long-term debt. The improvement of technical efficiency and technological advancement on average help increase total factor productivity by 14.1%. About 40% of firms experienced a decline in average productivity and 60% experienced an increase. This research, therefore, recommends firms to use there resources economically or efficiently, especially the long-term debt. In addition, firms also need to improve their technology to boost productivity, thereby enhancing their competitiveness.

scholarly journals DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA) APPROACH FOR ASSESSING TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AND SCALE EFFICIENCY OF BROILER FARMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Fardos A.M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

This study was surveyed and evaluated technical, economic and scale efficiency of broiler farms in Egypt using DEA technique. So as to accomplish the specified aim, stratified random sampling technique was utilized to gather information from 150 broiler farms. The results showed that mean technical efficiencies of broiler farms were 0.915 and 0.985 under constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) respectively, implying that on average the farms could reduce input utilization by 8.5% and 1.5% for production level of output to be technically efficient. Notably, 48.7% of the farms were estimated fully technical efficient under VRS-model. The mean allocative and economic efficiency of the farms were assessed as 0.941 and 0.918 respectively, with only 2% of the farms were fully allocative and economic efficient. Furthermore, the average scale efficiency was 0.929 with the majority of broiler farms (82%) were operating with increasing returns to scale. The estimated Tobit regression showed that farmer's age, education, experience, access to extension services, and level of training were the most significant variables contributing to the disparities in efficiency of broiler farms. Such results are useful for extension workers and policy makers so as to guide policies towards expanding efficiency. 

scholarly journals Improving organizational service delivery through institutional innovation

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Danjuma Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Innovation ◽  
Organizational Survival ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Leadership Quality ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
New Models ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Organizational Needs

The organizational survival depends on innovation. Organizations that are best in innovation are also apt to be the best collaborators, both internal and external, when dealing with a complex problems such as leadership, human resource and funding. The paper therefore seek to examines the mediating role of collaboration in development of organizational needs such as workers’ productivity, sharing ideas, pulling resource and leadership quality. The collaboration can emerge with new models, better designed processes, and novel technology— as well achievements of the aims and objectives in which the organizations was set up. The study conducted a survey research with 96 respondents, Smart PLS 2.0 was used in analyses of the data, seven hypotheses were formed and all the hypotheses were supported indicating the relationship between bureaucracy, collaboration, resource, leadership quality and innovation. The paper recommends increase in collaboration.

scholarly journals Efficiency Analysis of East Asian Zinc Smelters and the Effects of Capacity and Bonus Zinc on Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Park ◽  
Daecheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

Non-ferrous metals are widely used as basic materials in various industrial fields, and zinc is a metal that is produced and used next to iron, aluminum, and copper. In this study, DEA (data envelopment analysis) was applied to measure the efficiency of 43 zinc smelters in three countries in East Asia: Korea, China, and Japan. The constant returns to scale (CRS) and the variable returns to scale (VRS) models, and the slack-based measure (SBM) were used for the analysis. As a result of the efficiency analysis, there were three efficient zinc smelters in the CRS model, 14 in the VRS model and 14 in the SBM. The average efficiency was 0.458 based on the SBM, which indicates that there is room for improvement in efficiency. In addition, the average scale efficiency value was 0.689, showing the scale to be inefficient. Therefore, it can be seen that the labor cost and the energy cost must be brought to an appropriate level. The Tobit regression analysis was used to analyze the causes of efficiency. The greater the capacity and the larger amount of bonus Zn of the refinery, the higher the efficiency of the refinery.

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