Nanomechanical Properties of Bioactive Ti Surfaces Obtained by NaOH-Based Anodic Oxidation and Alkali Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 493-494 ◽  
pp. 524-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mioduski Szesz ◽  
G.B. de Souza ◽  
Emanuel Santos ◽  
Neide K. Kuromoto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Constant Current Density

Titanium has been used in the production of dental implants and orthopedic prostheses due to the low tendency to corrosion and good biocompatibility. Meanwhile, the surface of titanium is not bioactive. Several surface treatments have been developed to make the surface of such metals bioactive. The aim of this work was to evaluate two of these modification processes in commercially pure titanium grade 2, both of them using NaOH solutions: the anodic oxidation and the alkali treatment. The surface morphology was evaluated by SEM/EDS, the crystal structure by XRD, and the mechanical properties and scratch resistance by instrumented indentation. The anodic oxidation (AO) was carried out using NaOH electrolyte 0.1 mol/L and constant current density of 150 mA/cm² for one minute. The alkaline treatment (AT) was performed by soaking the Ti sample in NaOH 5 mol/L solution at 60 °C for 24 hours; after this, the sample was heat treated at 600 °C for one hour in atmospheric air. The AO produced a TiO2 layer on Ti, whereas a thin sodium titanate layer was obtained by AT. Each surface modification resulted in a specific morphology, but both of them presented the increase in roughness as a common characteristic. The alkali treated Ti surfaces showed the lowest elastic modulus and hardness values. The largest increase in hardness between the treated surfaces was obtained for Ti after anodic oxidation. Scratch test indicates that the TiO2 film from AO has higher strength to tangential loading than the Ti substrate. In addition, for the Ti submitted to AT, the scratch test indicates that the modified surface layer has a poor adhesion with the substrate. Based on these results it is possible to conclude that, using NaOH solutions, Ti surfaces treated by anodic oxidation present improved mechanical properties than the alkali-treated ones.

Effect of Concentrated Sulfuric Acid-Etching on Apatite-Forming Ability of Alkaline-Treated Titanium

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Ban ◽  
Hiroshi Kono ◽  
Y. Iwaya ◽  
Akihiko Yuda ◽  
Yuichi Izumi
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Concentrated H2SO4 acid was applied to pretreatment for the alkaline treatment of commercially pure titanium, and the effect of acid-etching on apatite-forming ability of alkaline-treated titanium in a simulated body fluid (SBF) was investigated. Characterization analysis revealed that the concentrated H2SO4 etching formed much amount of sodium titanate, resulting a large amount of formation of apatite in SBF. It is confirmed that the etching in concentrated H2SO4 enhance apatite-forming ability of alkaline-treated titanium.

Properties of PP Wood-Plastic Composites with Biocompatibility Additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Shan Liu ◽  
He Yi Ge ◽  
Yu Zou ◽  
Juan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility

Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene compatibilizer (MAPP) and chitosan (CS) were mixed and used as a compound coupling agent to modify the PP matrix. 5 wt% NaOH and 10 wt% NaOH aqueous solution were used to treat corn stalk fiber (CSF), respectively. The effect of the complex coupling agent and the alkali treatment on the mechanical properties of CSF/PP composite was investigated. Morphological observation of the fracture surfaces was accepted to confirm CSF dispersion and wetting with the help of SEM. The results of the water absorption further demonstrated the binding of the interface between the CSF and the PP matrix. The wetting of the CSF in the PP was improved with the addition of the complex compatibilizer (5% MAPP + 5% CS). The formation of chemical bonding between the fiber and the matrix resulted in enhancing the interfacial compatibility between them. Compared with the pure PP, the flexural strength of 15-UT-5MAPPCS (63.14 MPa) and 15-UT-5MAPPCS (69.35 MPa) increased by 22.5% and 34.5%, respectively. The complex compatibilizer can replace alkaline treatment process to improve the mechanical properties of the composite.

scholarly journals Characterization of Nano-Scale Hydroxyapatite Coating Synthesized from Eggshells Through Hydrothermal Reaction on Commercially Pure Titanium

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsing-Ning Yu ◽  
Hsueh-Chuan Hsu ◽  
Shih-Ching Wu ◽  
Cheng-Wei Hsu ◽  
Shih-Kuang Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Uncoated Sample ◽  
Ha Coating ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Carbonate Substitution ◽  
Living Bone

Commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) is often used in biomedical implants, but its surface cannot usually combine with the living bone. A coating of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the surface of titanium implants provides excellent mechanical properties and has good biological activity and biocompatibility. For optimal osteocompatibility, the structure, size, and composition of HA crystals should be closer to those of biological apatite. Our results show that the surface of c.p. Ti was entirely covered by rod-like HA nanoparticles after alkali treatment and subsequent hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C for 48 h. Nano-sized apatite aggregates began to nucleate on HA-coated c.p. Ti surfaces after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 6 h, while no obvious precipitation was found on the uncoated sample. Higher apatite-forming ability (bioactivity) could be acquired by the samples after HA coating. The HA coating featured bone-like nanostructure, high crystallinity, and carbonate substitution. It can be expected that HA coatings synthesized from eggshells on c.p. Ti through a hydrothermal reaction could be used in dental implant applications in the future.

Possibilities of biocompatible material production using conform SPD technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (88) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Palán ◽  
L. Maleček ◽  
J. Hodek ◽  
M. Zemko ◽  
J. Dzugan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Titanium Grade

Purpose: At present, materials research in the area of SPD (severe plastic deformation) processes is very intensive. Materials processed by these techniques show better mechanical properties and have finer grain when compared to the input feedstock. The refined microstructure may be ultrafine-grained or nanostructured, where the grain size becomes less than 100 nm. One of the materials used for such processes is CP (commercially pure) titanium of various grades, which is widely used for manufacturing dental implants. The article deals with one of the technologies available for the production of ultrafine-grained titanium: Conform technology. CP titanium processed by CONFORM technology exhibits improved mechanical properties and very favourable biocompatibility, due to its fine-grained structure. The article presents the current experience in the production of ultrafine CP titanium using this technology. The main objective of this article is describing the behaviour of CP titanium during forming in the Conform device and its subsequent use in dental implantology. Design/methodology/approach: In the present study, commercially pure Grade 2 titanium was processed using the CONFORM machine. The numerical simulation of the process was done using FEM method with DEFORMTM software. The evaluation was performed by simple tensile testing and transmission electron microscopy. The first conclusions were derived from the determined mechanical properties and based on analogies in available publications on a similar topic. Findings: This study confirmed that the SPD process improves mechanical properties and does not impair the ductility of the material. The CONFORM process enables the continuous production of ultrafine-grained or nanostructured materials. Research limitations/implications: At the present work, the results show the possible way of continuous production of ultrafine-grained or nanostructured materials. Nevertheless, the further optimization is needed in order to improve the final quality of wires and stabilize the process. As these factors will be solved, the technology will be ready for the industry. Practical implications: The article gives the practical information about the continuous production of ultrafine-grained pure titanium Grade 2 and the possibility of use this material for dental implants. Originality/value: The present paper gives information about the influence of the CONFORM technology on final mechanical and structural properties with the emphasis on technological aspects

Characterization of polypropylene composites reinforced with flax fibers treated by mechanical and alkali methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Minh-Tan Ton-That ◽  
Johanne Denault ◽  
Christian Belanger
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Fiber Separation ◽  
As Stress

AbstractFlax is a type of natural fiber widely used as reinforcing materials for polymer composites. The commercially available flax fibers in Canada consist of a significant amount of shive and other impurities, which could act as stress concentration regions to negatively affect the mechanical property of composites. In this study, the shive was manually removed from the commercial flax fibers by screening and combing to obtain different shive contents from 0 to 30 wt%. By contrast, the obtained flax fibers were further treated with alkaline solution. The fibers obtained from mechanical and alkali treatment were compared on their thermal and mechanical properties. As expected, it was found that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the flax reinforced polypropylene composites increased significantly with the removal of the shive content. However, the alkali treatment on flax fiber did not further improve the composites properties. The possible reason was that the proper mechanical treatment (screening and combing) prior to alkaline treatment effectively loosened the fiber bundles for better single fiber separation in matrix and significantly removed the impurities, thus the effect of alkaline treatment did not become obvious.

Effect of Laser Beam Welding on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Commercially Pure Titanium

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1817-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Bibhudutta Bishoyi ◽  
Upendra Kumar Mohanty ◽  
Sushant Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Jambeswar Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Beam Welding ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties
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