Properties of PP Wood-Plastic Composites with Biocompatibility Additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Shan Liu ◽  
He Yi Ge ◽  
Yu Zou ◽  
Juan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility

Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene compatibilizer (MAPP) and chitosan (CS) were mixed and used as a compound coupling agent to modify the PP matrix. 5 wt% NaOH and 10 wt% NaOH aqueous solution were used to treat corn stalk fiber (CSF), respectively. The effect of the complex coupling agent and the alkali treatment on the mechanical properties of CSF/PP composite was investigated. Morphological observation of the fracture surfaces was accepted to confirm CSF dispersion and wetting with the help of SEM. The results of the water absorption further demonstrated the binding of the interface between the CSF and the PP matrix. The wetting of the CSF in the PP was improved with the addition of the complex compatibilizer (5% MAPP + 5% CS). The formation of chemical bonding between the fiber and the matrix resulted in enhancing the interfacial compatibility between them. Compared with the pure PP, the flexural strength of 15-UT-5MAPPCS (63.14 MPa) and 15-UT-5MAPPCS (69.35 MPa) increased by 22.5% and 34.5%, respectively. The complex compatibilizer can replace alkaline treatment process to improve the mechanical properties of the composite.

scholarly journals Flexible Biocomposites with Enhanced Interfacial Compatibility Based on Keratin Fibers and Sulfur-Containing Poly(urea-urethane)s

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibon Aranberri ◽  
Sarah Montes ◽  
Itxaso Azcune ◽  
Alaitz Rekondo ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Grande
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Aromatic Diamine ◽  
Polymer Backbone ◽  
Neat Polymer ◽  
Fibrous Protein ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
Keratin Fibers

Feathers are made of keratin, a fibrous protein with high content of disulfide-crosslinks and hydrogen-bonds. Feathers have been mainly used as reinforcing fiber in the preparation of biocomposites with a wide variety of polymers, also poly(urea-urethane)s. Surface compatibility between the keratin fiber and the matrix is crucial for having homogenous, high quality composites with superior mechanical properties. Poly(urea-urethane) type polymers are convenient for this purpose due to the presence of polar functionalities capable of forming hydrogen-bonds with keratin. Here, we demonstrate that the interfacial compatibility can be further enhanced by incorporating sulfur moieties in the polymer backbone that lead to new fiber-matrix interactions. We comparatively studied two analogous thermoplastic poly(urea-urethane) elastomers prepared starting from the same isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer and two aromatic diamine chain extenders, bis(4-aminophenyl) disulfide (TPUU-SS) and the sulfur-free counterpart bis(4-aminophenyl) methane (TPUU). Then, biocomposites with high feather loadings (40, 50, 60 and 75 wt %) were prepared in a torque rheometer and hot-compressed into flexible sheets. Mechanical characterization showed that TPUU-SS based materials underwent higher improvement in mechanical properties than biocomposites made of the reference TPUU (up to 7.5-fold higher tensile strength compared to neat polymer versus 2.3-fold). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images also provided evidence that fibers were completely embedded in the TPUU-SS matrix. Additionally, density, thermal stability, and water absorption of the biocomposites were thoroughly characterized.

The Mechanical Properties of Modified Attapulgite Reinforced Nature Rubber and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 762-765
Author(s):  
Ji Hu Wang ◽  
Hong Bo Liu ◽  
Shao Guo Wen ◽  
Yan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Modified Attapulgite ◽  
Rubber Nanocomposites ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Attapulgite (AT)/natural rubber (NR)/ styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites have been prepared after attapulgite was modified by different coupling agent. The treatment of AT caused the adhesion between AT nanorods and the nature rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber was improved, which enhanced the tensile properties of the matrix. The tensile strength of composites attained 15.6 MPa after AT was modified by 3%wt Si-69 coupling with addition of 20 phr.

Fundamental Studies on Wood-Plastic Composites: Effects of Cellulase Treatment on Hybrid Pennisetum Powder

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2638-2641
Author(s):  
Jun Mu ◽  
Yong Shun Feng ◽  
De Rong Zhang ◽  
Zhi Li Wang ◽  
Hong Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Relative Crystallinity ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Cellulase Treatment ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
Hybrid Pennisetum

Studies on interfacial compatibility of wood plastic composites(WPCs) have received considerable attention in recent years. The effects on the surface modification by cellulase treatment and the mechanical properties of prepared WPCs were investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction(XRD) results show that the relative crystallinity(RC) of Hybrid Pennisetum(HP) could be significantly changed by the cellulase treatment. The RC of HP powders mainly goes through a phase that it first increases and then decreases by the treatment of cellulase. Five groups of different cellulase dosage and different treatment time were selected to do the mechanical and DMA tests. With proper dosage of cellulase and treatment time, the mechanical properties of WPCs could be improved. Finally, in the case of HP powder/cellulase of 4/1 and treatment time for 2 hours, WPCs show the best performance.

Characterization of polypropylene composites reinforced with flax fibers treated by mechanical and alkali methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Minh-Tan Ton-That ◽  
Johanne Denault ◽  
Christian Belanger
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Fiber Separation ◽  
As Stress

AbstractFlax is a type of natural fiber widely used as reinforcing materials for polymer composites. The commercially available flax fibers in Canada consist of a significant amount of shive and other impurities, which could act as stress concentration regions to negatively affect the mechanical property of composites. In this study, the shive was manually removed from the commercial flax fibers by screening and combing to obtain different shive contents from 0 to 30 wt%. By contrast, the obtained flax fibers were further treated with alkaline solution. The fibers obtained from mechanical and alkali treatment were compared on their thermal and mechanical properties. As expected, it was found that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the flax reinforced polypropylene composites increased significantly with the removal of the shive content. However, the alkali treatment on flax fiber did not further improve the composites properties. The possible reason was that the proper mechanical treatment (screening and combing) prior to alkaline treatment effectively loosened the fiber bundles for better single fiber separation in matrix and significantly removed the impurities, thus the effect of alkaline treatment did not become obvious.

Effects of fiber-surface modification on the properties of bamboo flour/polypropylene composites and their interfacial compatibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jie Dong ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Baodong Zhu ◽  
Dongling Cui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Bamboo Flour

Abstract This work aimed to study the effects of different surface treatments on the morphologies and thermo-mechanical properties of the bamboo flour/polypropylene (BF/PP) composites, which were prepared by melt blending with 15 wt% of filler load. The BF was first pretreated with 10 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions for 4 h, after which the pre-treated BF was modified by stearic acid and silane. The chemical structure of the treated BF fibers was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the results showed that alkali treatment efficiently removed hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. Moreover, stearic acid and silane were successfully introduced to the BF surface through chemical bonding. The changes in heat stability of BF investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the presence of treatment contributes to a better thermal stability for BF fibers. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of BF/PP composites displayed not only better dispersion of treated-BF in the polypropylene (PP) matrix, but also improved fiber-matrix interfacial compatibility, especially when silane treatment was used. Accordingly, the mechanical properties improved significantly in the presence of treated-BF.

The Effect of Modifying Agents on the Mechanical Properties of Straw Flour/Waste Plastic Composite Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Hao Ge ◽  
Dan Ge Si ◽  
Yun Li Lan ◽  
Mei Nong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Though there has been a large number of studies concerning the modification of wood plastic composite materials, there is still more to be done. This report aims to study the effect of the coupling agents (PP-g-MAH, silane, titanate) and compatibilizer(SBS) on the mechanical properties of straw flour/waste plastic composites. Straw flour, waste plastic, modifying agents and other additives were mixed evenly in a high speed mixing machine. And the mixed materials were compounded into the pelllets using the twin-screw extruder. Then the test specimens were prepared by the injection molding. The influence of 4% coupling agent (PP-g-MAH, silane, titanate) on the mechanical properties of straw flour/waste plastic composites was researched, and the most suitable coupling agent to the composites was obtained. In order to increase the toughness of the composite materials and to furthermore improve the comprehensive mechanical properties, the WPCs with different contents styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) were investigated. The experimental results showed that the coupling agent PP-g-MAH and the content was 4%, the mechanical properties of the composite materials were better; when SBS content was 5%, the maximum increases of tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of SBS modified WPCs were by 14.34%, 20.75%, 34.38% compared to those of neat WPCs respectively.

Mechanical Properties of Acrylate-Styrene-Acrylonitrile/Bagasse Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pornsri Pakeyangkoon ◽  
Benjawan Ploydee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Styrene Acrylonitrile

Mechanical properties of wood plastic composite, prepared from acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA) and bagasse, were investigated. In this study, 10 to 50 phr of bagasse were used in order to obtain the wood plastic composite with superior mechanical properties. The wood plastic composites in the study were prepared by melt-blending technique. All materials were mixed by using a two-roll-mill, shaped into sheets by a compression molding machine and the specimens were cut with a cutting machine. Youngs modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength and hardness of the wood plastic composites were investigated and found to improve with increasing bagasse content. However, some composite properties, i.e., impact strength, was decreased by adding the bagasse and then become steady when the amount of bagasse added was more than 30 phr. It was concluded that wood plastic composites with the desirable mechanical properties can be formulated using ASA as the matrix polymer and 50 phr of bagasse.

Nanomechanical Properties of Bioactive Ti Surfaces Obtained by NaOH-Based Anodic Oxidation and Alkali Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 493-494 ◽  
pp. 524-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mioduski Szesz ◽  
G.B. de Souza ◽  
Emanuel Santos ◽  
Neide K. Kuromoto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Constant Current Density

Titanium has been used in the production of dental implants and orthopedic prostheses due to the low tendency to corrosion and good biocompatibility. Meanwhile, the surface of titanium is not bioactive. Several surface treatments have been developed to make the surface of such metals bioactive. The aim of this work was to evaluate two of these modification processes in commercially pure titanium grade 2, both of them using NaOH solutions: the anodic oxidation and the alkali treatment. The surface morphology was evaluated by SEM/EDS, the crystal structure by XRD, and the mechanical properties and scratch resistance by instrumented indentation. The anodic oxidation (AO) was carried out using NaOH electrolyte 0.1 mol/L and constant current density of 150 mA/cm² for one minute. The alkaline treatment (AT) was performed by soaking the Ti sample in NaOH 5 mol/L solution at 60 °C for 24 hours; after this, the sample was heat treated at 600 °C for one hour in atmospheric air. The AO produced a TiO2 layer on Ti, whereas a thin sodium titanate layer was obtained by AT. Each surface modification resulted in a specific morphology, but both of them presented the increase in roughness as a common characteristic. The alkali treated Ti surfaces showed the lowest elastic modulus and hardness values. The largest increase in hardness between the treated surfaces was obtained for Ti after anodic oxidation. Scratch test indicates that the TiO2 film from AO has higher strength to tangential loading than the Ti substrate. In addition, for the Ti submitted to AT, the scratch test indicates that the modified surface layer has a poor adhesion with the substrate. Based on these results it is possible to conclude that, using NaOH solutions, Ti surfaces treated by anodic oxidation present improved mechanical properties than the alkali-treated ones.

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