Characteristics of Deformation-Enhanced Transformation in Plain Low Carbon Steel

The concept of deformation-enhanced transformation of ferrite in plain low carbon steel is introduced. The characteristics are presented. Systematic works conclude that deformation significantly enhances the ferrite transformation of undercooled austenite in plain low carbon steel. Nucleation is the dominant process of the transformation. Until the completion of the transformation, nucleation is always repeated, especially at the zone in front of the newly formed ferrite grains, which restrict the grain growth and lead to formation of very fine ferrite grains. Three stages of kinetics are clearly shown from the experimental measurement, which correspond to nucleation at grain boundaries, at the zone in front of newly formed ferrite grains and within residual austenite.

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Modeling austenite–ferrite transformation in low carbon steel using the cellular automaton method

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2004.0397 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 2877-2886 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Y.J. Lan ◽

D.Z. Li ◽

Y.Y. Li

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Cellular Automaton ◽

Grain Boundaries ◽

Grain Growth ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Carbon Diffusion ◽

Cellular Automaton Model ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Austenite Grain ◽

Ferrite Transformation

Austenite–ferrite transformation at different isothermal temperatures in low carbon steel was investigated by a two-dimensional cellular automaton approach, which provides a simple solution for the difficult moving boundary problem that governs the ferrite grain growth. In this paper, a classical model for ferrite nucleation at austenite grain boundaries is adopted, and the kinetics of ferrite grain growth is numerically resolved by coupling carbon diffusion process in austenite and austenite–ferrite (γ–α) interface dynamics. The simulated morphology of ferrite grains shows that the γ–α interface is stable. In this cellular automaton model, the γ–α interface mobility and carbon diffusion rate at austenite grain boundaries are assumed to be higher than those in austenite grain interiors. This has influence on the morphology of ferrite grains. Finally, the modeled ferrite transformation kinetics at different isothermal temperatures is compared with the experiments in the literature and the grid size effects of simulated results are investigated by changing the cell length of cellular automaton model in a set of calculations.

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The Effect of Severe Plastic Deformation on the Brittle-Ductile Transition in Low Carbon Steel

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.633-634.471 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 633-634 ◽

pp. 471-480

Author(s):

Masaki Tanaka ◽

Kenji Higashida ◽

Tomotsugu Shimokawa

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Grain Boundaries ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Dislocation Dynamics ◽

Strain Rates ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Dislocation Source ◽

Brittle Ductile Transition

Brittle-ductile transition (BDT) behaviour was investigated in low carbon steel deformed by an accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process. The temperature dependence of its fracture toughness was measured by conducting four-point bending tests at various temperatures and strain rates. The fracture toughness increased while the BDT temperature decreased in the specimens deformed by the ARB process. Arrhenius plots between the BDT temperatures and the strain rates indicated that the activation energy for the controlling process of the BDT was not changed by the deformation with the ARB process. It was deduced that the decrease in the BDT temperature by grain refining was not due to the increase in the dislocation mobility controlled by short-range barriers. Quasi-three-dimensional simulations of dislocation dynamics, taking into account of crack tip shielding due to dislocations, were performed to investigate the effect of a dislocation source spacing along a crack front on the BDT. The simulation indicated that the BDT temperature is decreased with decreasing in the dislocation source spacing. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that moving dislocations were impinged against grain boundaries and were reemitted from there with increasing strain. It indicates that grain boundaries can be new sources in ultra-fine grained materials, which increases toughness at low temperatures.

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Texture Development during Grain Growth in Low Carbon Steel Sheet

Texturen in Forschung und Praxis / Textures in Research and Practice ◽

10.1007/978-3-662-13125-1_25 ◽

1969 ◽

pp. 339-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. B. Hutchinson ◽

C. J. E. Smith ◽

T. W. Watson ◽

I. L. Dillamore

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Grain Growth ◽

Steel Sheet ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Texture Development ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Carbon Steel Sheet

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The effect of temperature on abnormal grain growth in low carbon steel

Scripta Metallurgica ◽

10.1016/0036-9748(84)90441-1 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 305-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J.A. Kowalik ◽

A.R. Marder

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Grain Growth ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Abnormal Grain Growth ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Low Carbon

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Microstructure and Properties under Alternating Magnetism after Hot Rolling

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1256 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1004-1005 ◽

pp. 1256-1259

Author(s):

Shen Bai Zheng ◽

Shi Jie Liu ◽

Hong Bin Li ◽

Bin Feng ◽

Xue Song Hui

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Cold Rolling ◽

Grain Growth ◽

Hot Rolling ◽

Magnetic Field Intensity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon ◽

The Magnetic Field

The austenite steel after rolling was radiated by the alternating magnetism, and the effects that alternating magnetic on the austenite transition was studied. The result shows that the alternating magnetism promotes the austenitic grain growth of low carbon steel. If the magnetic field intensity is increased, it could provide better performance of raw materials to cold rolling processing.

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Fine structure of low-carbon steel after electrolytic plasma treatment

Materials Testing ◽

10.1515/mt-2020-0119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (9) ◽

pp. 842-847

Author(s):

Lyaila Bayatanova ◽

Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov ◽

Sherzod Kurbanbekov ◽

Мazhyn Skakov ◽

Natalya Popova

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Transition Layer ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Residual Austenite ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Tempered Martensite ◽

Quantitative Estimates ◽

Steel Layer ◽

Lamellar Cementite

Abstract This work shows the results of research of the fine and dislocation structure of the transition layer of 18CrNi3Mo low-carbon steel after the influence of electrolytic plasma. Conducted research has shown that the modified steel layer, as a result of carbonitriding, was multiphase. Quantitative estimates were made for carbonitride М23(С,N)6 in various morphological components of α-martensite and on average by material in the transition layer of nitro-cemented steel. It was established that α-phase is tempered martensite after nitrocementation. Released martensite is represented by batch, or lath and lamellar low-temperature and high-temperature martensite. Inside the tempered martensitic crystals, lamellar cementite precipitates are simultaneously present, and residual austenite is found along the boundaries of the martensitic rails and plates of low-temperature martensite. It was determined that inside the crystals of all morphological components of α-martensite there are particles of carbonitride М23(С,N)6.

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