You Just Need More Resilience: Racial Gaslighting as “Othering”

This work de-familiarizes notions of resilience by theorizing the way racial gaslighting operates in teacher education. By focusing on the racial gaslighting of  BIPOC faculty, this paper shows how whiteness functions as a dominant process in anti-racist teacher education programs through the recentering of White feelings and interests. Ultimately this work calls for a  new approach, one that situates resilience within a non-Euro-centered context of resistance to oppression. This could provide a catalyst for a more humane resilience.@font-face{font-family:"Cambria Math";panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:roman;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal{mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:"";margin:0in;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}.MsoChpDefault{mso-style-type:export-only;mso-default-props:yes;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}div.WordSection1{page:WordSection1;}

The Petrology and Genesis of Silicic Magmas in the Kermadec Arc

<p>Recent work has shown that silicic volcanism can be abundant in intra-oceanic subduction settings, and is often associated with large explosive caldera-forming eruptions. Several major petrogenetic questions arise over the origin and eruption of large amounts of silicic magma at these relatively simple subduction settings. This study has investigated the geochemistry of pyroclasts collected from four volcanoes along the Kermadec arc, a young (<2 Myr) oceanic subduction zone in the southwest Pacific. Raoul, Macauley and a newly discovered volcano (here informally named 'New volcano') in the northern Kermadec arc, and Healy volcano in the southern Kermadec arc have all erupted dacitic to rhyolitic pumice within the last 10 kyr. For Raoul, New volcano and Healy, whole rock major element compositions fall with a limited compositional range. In contrast, pumice dredged from around Macauley caldera covers a wide compositional range indicating that there have been multiple silicic eruptions, not just the Sandy Bay Tephra exposed on Macauley Island. Distinctive crystal populations in both pumice samples and plutonic xenoliths suggest that many of the crystals did not grow in the evolved magmas, but were mixed in from other sources including gabbros and tonalites. Such open system mixing is ubiquitous in magmas from the four Kermadec volcanoes studied here. Silicic magmas, co-eruptive mafic enclaves and previously erupted basalts show sub-parallel REE patterns, and crystal composition and zonation suggests that mafic and silicic magmas have a strong genetic affiliation. Examination of whole rock, glass and mineral chemistry reveals that evolved magmas can be generated at each volcano through 60-75% crystal fractionation of a basaltic parent. These findings are not consistent with silicic magma generation via crustal anatexis, as previously suggested for the Kermadec arc. Although crystallisation is the dominant process driving melt evolution in the Kermadec volcanoes, the magmatic systems are open to contributions from both newly arriving melts and wholly crystalline plutonic bodies. Such processes occur in variable proportions between magma batches, and are largely reflected by small scale chemical variations between eruption units. Larger scale chemical trends reflect the position of the volcanoes along the arc, which in turn may reflect structural changes in the subduction zone and variations in sediment influx.</p>

The Petrology and Genesis of Silicic Magmas in the Kermadec Arc

<p>Recent work has shown that silicic volcanism can be abundant in intra-oceanic subduction settings, and is often associated with large explosive caldera-forming eruptions. Several major petrogenetic questions arise over the origin and eruption of large amounts of silicic magma at these relatively simple subduction settings. This study has investigated the geochemistry of pyroclasts collected from four volcanoes along the Kermadec arc, a young (<2 Myr) oceanic subduction zone in the southwest Pacific. Raoul, Macauley and a newly discovered volcano (here informally named 'New volcano') in the northern Kermadec arc, and Healy volcano in the southern Kermadec arc have all erupted dacitic to rhyolitic pumice within the last 10 kyr. For Raoul, New volcano and Healy, whole rock major element compositions fall with a limited compositional range. In contrast, pumice dredged from around Macauley caldera covers a wide compositional range indicating that there have been multiple silicic eruptions, not just the Sandy Bay Tephra exposed on Macauley Island. Distinctive crystal populations in both pumice samples and plutonic xenoliths suggest that many of the crystals did not grow in the evolved magmas, but were mixed in from other sources including gabbros and tonalites. Such open system mixing is ubiquitous in magmas from the four Kermadec volcanoes studied here. Silicic magmas, co-eruptive mafic enclaves and previously erupted basalts show sub-parallel REE patterns, and crystal composition and zonation suggests that mafic and silicic magmas have a strong genetic affiliation. Examination of whole rock, glass and mineral chemistry reveals that evolved magmas can be generated at each volcano through 60-75% crystal fractionation of a basaltic parent. These findings are not consistent with silicic magma generation via crustal anatexis, as previously suggested for the Kermadec arc. Although crystallisation is the dominant process driving melt evolution in the Kermadec volcanoes, the magmatic systems are open to contributions from both newly arriving melts and wholly crystalline plutonic bodies. Such processes occur in variable proportions between magma batches, and are largely reflected by small scale chemical variations between eruption units. Larger scale chemical trends reflect the position of the volcanoes along the arc, which in turn may reflect structural changes in the subduction zone and variations in sediment influx.</p>

Interaction of multicomponent disilicate (Yb0.2Y0.2Lu0.2Sc0.2Gd0.2)2Si2O7 with molten calcia-magnesia-aluminosilicate

Environmental barrier coating (EBC) materials that are resistant against molten calcia-magnesia-aluminosilicate (CMAS) corrosion are urgently required. Herein, multicomponent rare-earth (RE) disilicate ((Yb0.2Y0.2Lu0.2Sc0.2Gd0.2)2Si2O7, (5RE)2Si2O7) was investigated with regard to its CMAS interaction behavior at 1400 °C. Compared with the individual RE disilicates, the (5RE)2Si2O7 material exhibited improved resistance against CMAS attack. The dominant process involved in the interaction of (5RE)2Si2O7 with CMAS was reaction-recrystallization. A dense and continuous reaction layer protected the substrate from rapid corrosion at high temperatures. The results demonstrated that multicomponent strategy of RE species in disilicate can provide a new perspective in the development of promising EBC materials with improved corrosion resistance.

Impacts of REDD+ in Mexico: Experiences of Two Local Communities in Campeche

In 2010, the Mexican National Forestry Commission (Spanish acronym CONAFOR) implemented REDD+ early action activities in priority states, including Campeche. This article explores the impact of the forestry programs promoted under REDD+ on the diversification of household activities, benefit-sharing among local groups, and forest cover changes in two local communities in Campeche. It examines whether the design and implementation of these programs responded to local aspirations for equity and rural development by combining ethnographic and documental methods. In addition, it quantifies land-cover change (2013-2018) using high-resolution imagery and spatial analysis. It found no intracommunity equity or sustainable activity diversification resulting from the REDD+ implementation. Deforestation for livestock and agricultural mechanization was the dominant process observed both in dense and open forests. Although it has not made the situation worse, REDD+ has yet to provide social benefits for these two communities. To be considered a viable option locally, the program design under REDD+ must combine the implementation of several sustainable productive activities over a longer period and provide net monetary benefits to all local groups.

Anatomizing Ideology Below the Clause: The Transitivity Analysis of Iqbal’s Mukalma Jibra.īl-o-Iblīs (Gabriel and Lucifer)

This paper aims at exploring how ideology is construed in a text and how the text bears significant meaning potentials. Drawing on Systemic-functional Linguistics (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2014), particularly on the Transitivity analysis, it examines how language serves in terms of two folds of structural social semiotics and ideology representation. The study probes out how the constituent analysis (Transitivity analysis) could be significant in unfolding the meaning potential of a text. The data was taken from the text of the poem ‘Jibra.īl -o-Iblīs'. The data was comprised of the twenty-two sentences taken from the text of the poem which was later on transliterated and translated for the purpose of analysis. The purposive sampling tool has been significantly helpful in the excerption of data, and a mixed-method approach has been employed in terms of analysis. Findings suggested that the poem reflects five process types which were Material, Mental, Verbal, Relational, and Existential and the participants been detected were Actor, Goal, Scope, Range, Beneficiary, Target, Senser, Phenomenon, Verbiage, Sayer, Token, Value, Attribute, Carrier and Existent. Also, the types of circumstance detected in the analysis were Circumstance of Manner, Location, Role, Contingency, Angle, Cause, Accompaniment, and Extent. To configure the dominant process type, Bungin’s statistical approach (2001) was employed. And, it is acknowledged that the dominant process type in the poem was the verbal process (47%) and the subsequent was the material process (27%). Findings also foreshadow that poem's meaning potential is blueprinted on a spiritual aura which is being communicated mainly through the verbal process and material process subsequently. This paper focuses only on the transitivity analysis the future researches could be done about interpersonal or textual metafunction analysis of the poem.

Assessing pyrite-derived sulfate in the Mississippi River with four years of sulfur and triple-oxygen isotope data

Riverine dissolved sulfate (SO42−) sulfur and oxygen isotope variations reflect their controls such as SO42− reduction and re-oxidation, and source mixing. However, unconstrained temporal variability of riverine SO42− isotope compositions due to short sampling durations may lead to mischaracterization of SO42− sources, particularly for the pyrite-derived sulfate load. We measured the sulfur and triple-oxygen isotopes (δ34S, δ18O, and ∆’17O) of Mississippi River SO42− with biweekly sampling between 2009-2013 to test isotopic variability and constrain sources. Sulfate δ34S and δ18O ranged from −6.3‰ to −0.2‰ and −3.6‰ to +8.8‰, respectively. Our sampling period captured the most severe flooding and drought in the Mississippi River basin since 1927 and 1956, respectively, and a first year of sampling that was unrepresentative of long-term average SO42−. The δ34SSO4 data indicate pyrite-derived SO42− sources are 74 ±10% of the Mississippi River sulfate budget. Furthermore, pyrite oxidation is implicated as the dominant process supplying SO42− to the Mississippi River, whereas the ∆’17OSO4 data shows 18 ±9% of oxygen in this sulfate is sourced from air O2.

Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) Approach and Sports Texts of the Postgraduate Students at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the scripts entitled ‘‘Sports’’ in terms of processes used and text type based on (Halliday, 1994) Systemic Functional Linguistic approach. Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) is looking into the syntactic structure of a clause based on six processes including material, mental and relational process (major category) and verbal, behavioral, and existential processes (minor category). Forty (40) students of the subject ‘Dynamics of Leadership’ at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia were assigned to write essays about ‘Sports’ in between 300—400 words within thirty (30) minutes and sixteen (16) essays were selected for the analysis. Researchers used mixed-method in order to analyze both quantitative (numerical) and qualitative (descriptive) data. All the collected essays were analyzed and then the percentage of all the six processes has been shown in descriptive statistics and interpreted in tabulations and bar graphs. The findings indicate that the dominant process used in all the scripts was material—doing and happening— and subsequently relational. Focusing more on nominalization, the analyzed manuscripts were found to be wordy.

Solar-Wind Structures That Are Not Destroyed by the Action of Solar-Wind Turbulence

If MHD turbulence is a dominant process acting in the solar wind between the Sun and 1 AU, then the destruction and regeneration of structure in the solar-wind plasma is expected. Six types of solar-wind structure at 1 AU that are not destroyed by turbulence are examined: 1) corotating-interaction-region stream interfaces, 2) periodic density structures, 3) magnetic structure anisotropy, 4) ion-composition boundaries and their co-located current sheets, 5) strahl-intensity boundaries and their co-located current sheets, and 6) non-evolving Alfvénic magnetic structure. Implications for the solar wind and for turbulence in the solar wind are highlighted and a call for critical future solar-wind measurements is given.