Simulating Human Physiological Response with a Thermal Manikin Testing Different Non Active Medical Devices

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Braga ◽  
M. José Abreu ◽  
F.M. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Temperature Development ◽  
Surgical Gown ◽  
Surgical Gowns ◽  
Selection Of

The thermal insulation of a clothing system represents a quantitative assessment of the way cloth provides thermal barrier to the user. One of this clothing systems, the surgical gown used in the operating theatre, is considered as a non-active medical device and obeys the Medical Device Directive 93/43/EEC. New materials and gowns are being developed, fitting the level of the barrier function with the comfort issues and therefore the selection of the most suitable gown is vital. During the last 60 years, thermal manikins have been used to measure clothing insulation and to assess the thermal environment regarding comfort issues. The main goal of the present study is the comparison of the thermal insulation values during the objective evaluation using the dry thermal manikin with the results obtained using an Infra-Red camera ThermaCAM, monitoring the temperature development of different surgical gowns at a constant skin temperature of 33 °C in neutral environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Genetic Algorithm Applied to Multi-Criteria Selection of Thermal Insulation on Industrial Shed Roof

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stamoulis ◽  
Santos ◽  
Lenz ◽  
Tusset
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

The rational use of energy has motivated research on improving the energy efficiency of buildings, which are responsible for a large share of world consumption. A strategy to achieve this goal is the application of optimized thermal insulation on a building envelope to avoid thermal exchanges with the external environment, reducing the use of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. In order to contribute to the best choice of insulation applied to an industrial shed roof, this study aims to provide an optimization tool to assist this process. Beyond the thermal comfort and cost of the insulation, some hygrothermic properties also have been analysed to obtain the best insulation option. To implement this optimization technique, several thermo-energetic simulations of an industrial shed were performed using the Domus software, applying 4 types of insulation material (polyurethane, expanded polystyrene, rockwool and glass wool) on the roof. Ten thicknesses ranging from 0.5 cm to 5 cm were considered, with the purpose of obtaining different thermal comfort indexes (PPD, predicted percentage dissatisfied). Posteriorly, the best insulation ranking has been obtained from the weights assigned to the parameters in the objective function, using the technique of the genetic algorithm (GA) applied to multi-criteria selection. The optimization results showed that polyurethane (PU) insulation, applied with a thickness of 1 cm was the best option for the roof, considering the building functional parameters, occupant metabolic activity, clothing insulation and climate conditions. On the other hand, when the Brazilian standard was utilized, rock wool (2 cm) was considered the best choice.

Effects of Clothing Ventilative Designs on Thermal Insulation under Varying Wind Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1927-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Hui Zhang ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Vertical Side ◽  
Wind Velocities ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Body Heat

This paper reports on an experimental investigation of the effects of clothing ventilative designs on thermal comfort measured in terms of thermal insulation. Eight T-shirts with varying areas and locations of mesh fabric were designed and produced for testing on a dry thermal manikin. Clothing thermal insulation of T-shirts was measured under three wind velocities: 0.5, 1 and 2m/s. The results showed that, the areas and locations of ventilation panels affect the total thermal insulation. The T-shirts with larger area of mesh fabric are preferable in terms of releasing more body heat. Among various designs tested, mesh fabrics applied at two vertical side seams can most effectively release heat and moisture from the body. Clothing insulation is also greatly affected by wind.

scholarly journals Inter-laboratory proficiency tests in measuring thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of clothing using the Newton-type thermal manikin

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Młynarczyk ◽  
George Havenith ◽  
Jean Léonard ◽  
Rui Martins ◽  
Simon Hodder
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Proficiency Tests ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Vapor Transfer ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Wet Heat

Clothing acts as an important barrier for heat and vapor transfer between the human body and the environment. Parameters that could describe that transfer include, inter alia, thermal insulation (the so-called dry heat exchange) and evaporative resistance (the so-called wet heat exchange). Once the above-mentioned parameters are determined, it is possible to consciously adapt clothing ensembles to the existing thermal environment in the workplace. In order to validate the mentioned method of thermal insulation and evaporative resistance measurements, proficiency tests (PTs) were organized. The main goal of the PT was to compare thermal insulation and evaporative resistance for one set of clothing using the Newton-type thermal manikin. In total, four laboratories participated in the PT study. The reference value of the thermal insulation ( It) and evaporative resistance ( Ret) were calculated as the mean of all the results. The assessment criteria included permissible errors for thermal insulation and evaporative resistance measurements, which were 4% and 10%, respectively. Calculations included, inter alia, z-scores and indicators, such as the inter-laboratory coefficient of variation or the reproducibility limit. The results contribute to the worldwide discussion on standardized studies of evaporative resistance of clothing.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Surgical Gowns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yüksel Atay ◽  
Oktay Pamuk ◽  
Bekir Boyaci ◽  
Esra Zeynep Yildiz ◽  
Tuncay Göksel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The World ◽  
Surgical Gown ◽  
Surgical Gowns ◽  
Selection Of

Emerging diseases such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, SARS, and most recently the Covid 19 epidemic have increased the importance of hygiene in the world, bringing the need for personal protective equipment (PPE) to the forefront. An important part of PPE in healthcare is surgical gowns, which are worn by doctors and nurses in the operating room to serve a dual function of preventing the transmission of microorganisms and body fluids from surgical staff to patients and from patients to staff. This chapter presents the history and importance of surgical gowns. The factors to be considered in the selection of surgical gowns are discussed. The model characteristics and fabric properties of surgical gowns currently on the market and the environmental impact of reusable and disposable gowns are outlined. Finally, shortcomings in available gowns are discussed, a new knitted surgical gown design is introduced, and recommendations are given in the final section. The chapter provides broad coverage of surgical gowns for both experienced readers and those new to the field.

Abuse of Empire style robe to thermal insulation and body discomfort

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjoo Na ◽  
Jisu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Discomfort ◽  
Winter Time

Purpose – Empire style fashion, Greek-Roman style robe with bare shoulder and chest and short sleeved with long gloves which created a slim silhouette, was worn even in winter season in Europe, where average temperature is 0-5°C. Most women suffered with catching cold and thousands caught flu and tuberculosis of the lungs, called muslin disease. The purpose of this paper is to find out clothing insulation of the robe by measuring the thermal resistance and to guess how cold they felt in this robe in winter time. Design/methodology/approach – The authors performed the investigation on original robe shape with based on historical evidence and data, such as drawings, sketches, pattern books and sewing books, and reproduced a representative robe costume and tested its thermal insulation. The fabrics of robe were thin wool, silk and cotton following the literature evidence and preserved costume. Thermal insulation of the robes was measured using thermal manikin with the test method ISO 15831. The authors analyzed the thermal insulation of reconstructed robes with an inner cotton breech as for daily use and tested them wrapped with cashmere shawl on manikin shoulder as for severe cold weather. Findings – The dress robes had the range of 0.61-0.67 clo regardless of the type of fabric materials, and 0.80-0.81 clo with the cashmere shawl. These values were not enough for women to keep body temperature or comfort in winter time. Originality/value – This study combined fashion historic theory for costume reproduction with clothing science and technology for thermal insulation. Combination of costume history, construction technology and measurement engineering is the ingenious idea, and the combination of historical and scientific research evidences interdisciplinary originality.

Study on the Thermal Performance of the Vernacular Dwellings in Wei-He Plain of Shaanxi Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1589-1595
Author(s):  
Yi Ping Zhu ◽  
Xi Liao ◽  
Shu Yun Wu ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

Based on indoor thermal environment test and questionnaire surveys, the paper studies on thermal insulation capacity and indoor thermal environment of the vernacular dwellings in Wei-he Plain of Shaanxi Province, China, and analyses their heating methods and application status. Besides, the popularity of sustainable techniques in local area has been evaluated and summarized. Moreover, the paper discusses the present problems in local indoor thermal environment and energy-saving status.

A Spectral Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Objective Prototype Selection

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Dong ◽  
Alice M. Agogino
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Spectral Optimization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In design synthesis, engineering prototypes make an ideal representation medium for preliminary designs. Unlike parametric design wherein a pre-specified design is parametrically varied, design synthesis demands artistic creativity and engineering experience to transform the previously known components, relationships and designs into a new form. The process compels the designer to ascertain which prototypes will, in some sense, best satisfy the design task. The challenge in this assignment lies in selecting the “right” design prototype. This selection process typically entails an objective evaluation of different designs that perform the same functions or have similar intended behavior and comparing trade-offs between alternate designs. This paper introduces a multi-objective spectral optimization algorithm for the selection of design prototypes based upon their functional representations. The optimization algorithm returns an index of rank, scoring the functional similarity of the proposed design to the goal design. Two illustrative examples apply the algorithm to the selection of a heat fin and beam.

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