On the Rapid Prototyping Technologies and Applications in Product Design and Manufacturing

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pulak M. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Solid Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Data Preparation ◽  
Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Graded Material

Material removal, forming, casting and joining are the established manufacturing approaches and processes based on these approaches are being practiced even in modern industries with appropriate automation. Layer by layer material deposition method to produce prototypes from a solid model is relatively new and was developed during last 10-15 years of 20th century. These processes were named as Rapid Prototyping (RP) or Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF). Today there are many commercial RP system and most of these able to deposit liquid or solid/powder polymer based materials. Some systems are also able to deposit blends of polymer and metal or ceramic. Latest trend in this area is to deposit metals or alloys with variable composition and hence to produce functionally graded material. This paper describes in general the details related to RP processes, data preparation, and various commercial RP technologies. The article also discusses applications these processes.

Path Planning for Functionally Graded Materials in Hollow Tissue Scaffold Printing

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Tissue Scaffold ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Zigzag Pattern ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Planning Methodology

This study proposes a new path planning methodology to control functionally graded materials in hollowed scaffold printing for tissue engineering. Based on ruled surface construction from our earlier work [1], ruling lines are postprocessed for continuous path planning with uniform material deposition. Besides, arc fitting is used to reduce over-deposition by enabling non-stop deposition at the sharp turns. Layer-by-layer deposition is progressed through consecutive layers of ruling line based zigzag pattern followed by a biarc fitted spiral pattern. Functionally graded material properties are then mapped based on parametric distances from hollow features.

Distributed-Parameter Modeling for Geometry Control of Manufacturing Processes With Material Deposition

1998 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalabos Doumanidis ◽  
Eleni Skordeli
Keyword(s):  
Solid Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Distributed Parameter ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Mass Source ◽  
Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Geometry Model ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Solid Objects ◽  
3D Solid

Recent solid freeform fabrication methods generate 3D solid objects by material deposition in successive layers made of adjacent beads. Besides numerical simulation, this article introduces an analytical model of such material addition, using superposition of unit deposition distributions, composed of elementary spherical primitives consistent with the mass transfer physics. This real-time surface geometry model, with its parameters identified by in-process profile measurements, is used for Smith-prediction of the material shape in the unobservable deposition region. The model offers the basis for a distributed-parameter geometry control scheme to obtain a desired surface topology, by modulating the feed and motion of a moving mass source. The model was experimentally tested on a fused wire deposition welding station, using optical sensing by a scanning laser stripe. Its applications to other rapid prototyping methods are discussed. [S0022-0434(00)02301-7]

An Innovation System for Building Manufacturing

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Craveiro ◽  
João Meneses de Matos ◽  
Helena Bártolo ◽  
Paulo Bártolo
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Geometric Information ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Graded Material

Traditionally the construction sector is very conservative, risk averse and reluctant to adopt new technologies and ideas. The construction industry faces great challenges to develop more innovative and efficient solutions. In recent years, significant advances in technology and more sustainable urban environments has been creating numerous opportunities for innovation in automation. This paper proposes a new system based on extrusion-based technologies aiming at solving some limitations of current technologies to allow a more efficient building construction with organic forms and geometries, based on sustainable eco principles. This novel approach is described through a control deposition software. Current modeling techniques focus only on capturing the geometric information and cannot satisfy the requirements from modeling the components made of multi-heterogeneous materials. There is a great deal of interest in tailoring structures so the functional requirements can vary with location. The proposed functionally graded material deposition (FGM) system will allow a smooth variation of material properties to build up more efficient buildings regarding thermal, acoustic and structural conditions.

New CAD for Rapid Prototyping

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Fukuda ◽  
Daisuke Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Measurement Device ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Cad Systems ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Cad Tool ◽  
Very High

Abstract We developed a new CAD tool with special attention paid to rapid prototyping. Most of the present 3-D CAD systems treat geometry with very high accuracy but it is not easy to define or modify geometry as we do in the earlier stages of design. The present CAD systems, we believe, are more oritented toward the detailed design and manufacturing of the final product. As rapid prototyping itself is intended for the earlier stages of design, such a CAD system that permitts more easy or rough definition and modification of geometry is really desired. Most of the rapid prototyping systems generate 3-D geometry by piling up the 2-D sections layer by layer. So, if we develop such a layer-based CAD system, then we could more easily tranfer CAD data to the prototyping system. Such an idea was very old, but the traditional ones cannot manipulate geometry with much ease. What we aimed here is to develop a system that a designer can manipuate geometry as freely as he or she wishes. Thus, our system serves as a preprocessor to the present 3-D CAD systems. We are developing another system which permits to generate 3-D geometry as freely as if we are drawing it using a pen, based on the technology of 3-D measurement device. Couled with this system, the system we are proposing here is expected to tranfer such a 3-D geometry data very rapidly and easily to the prototyping equipment and also can interactively modify thus defined geometry data.

Design, Simulation and SFF Techniques for Functional Components

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshir Langrana ◽  
Dan Qiu ◽  
Guohua Wu ◽  
Kathryn Higgins ◽  
Cheng Tiao Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Solid Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Freeform Fabrication ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Functional Components

Abstract Development of Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) systems has created the opportunity for new approaches in design of functional components, which leverages the inherent strengths of both experiment and numerical simulation. This paper describes an approach in which the computational models are integrated with the rapid prototyping fabrication processes. The parts are fabricated using different materials including wax, PZT, silicone nitride, and 17-4PH stainless steel powders for the SFF hardware (Langrana et al, 2000, Qiu et al, 1999, Danforth et al, 1998) and Ciba-Geigy SL-resin for SLA hardware (Higgins and Langrana, 1998, Higgins and Langrana 1999). The components such as turbine blades, actuators, and fixtures have been designed, simulated and fabricated. The properties of parts have been and are being quantified in terms of accuracy and quality.

scholarly journals Study on Strength and Stiffness of WC-Co-NiCr Graded Samples

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4166
Author(s):  
Leszek Czechowski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Total Strength ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Detonation Gun

This work deals with the investigation of the strength and the stiffness of samples built of step-variable functionally graded material (FGM). The considered FGM samples consist of two main components: WC and NiCr with some content of Co as a conjunction of structure. The samples were fabricated on the basis of the detonation gun layer deposition method which is regarded as a novelty in the case of FGM production. The analyzed samples possess a finite number of layers with different varying fractions of each constituent across the wall. The basic tests of bending were conducted to assess the influence of used components in adequate proportions on the stiffness and the total strength in bending. In addition, to validate the numerical approach, simulations of samples under similar loads with truly reflected material distributions were carried out. The material properties of components were determined due to micro-nano-hardness by instrumental indentation techniques. The numerical calculations were performed with the use of the material characteristics for each material and with a consideration of large deflections. Furthermore, by means of an electron microscope, the composition of materials and distribution of chemical elements across the thickness of samples were examined. This paper reveals the experimental results of FGM samples manufactured by detonation gun layer deposition which allows the creation of layer by layer moderately thin-walled structures. It was shown that the indentation method of a determination of Young’s modulus gave higher values in comparison to values attained in the bending test. Moreover, it was stated that a modelling of FGM still requires the study of each layer separately to clearly predict the strength of the whole FGM structure.

Bone Tissue Scaffold Technologies Based on RP Adopted Droplet Assembly

2002 ◽  
Vol 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renji Zhang ◽  
Yongnian Yan ◽  
Feng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Solid Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Molecular Scaffold ◽  
Tissue Scaffold ◽  
Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Assembly Technology

ABSTRACTTissue engineering tries to grow replacement tissues to repair damaged bones. In this paper, the fabrication technology of Multi-nozzle Deposition Manufacturing (MDM) was adopted to fabricate scaffolds of a tissue engineered bone at low temperature. The composite of poly(L-lactic acid) and tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) was chosen to form bone tissue engineering scaffolds. The new computer aided manufacturing process can make porous PLLA/TCP scaffolds. A new surface processing technology of apatite coating on bone tissue engineered scaffolds was also adopted. This digital forming technology was based on rapid prototyping (RP), in which a digital droplets assembly technology was introduced. The MDM technology of 4 nozzles was developed based on the layer-by-layer manufacturing principle of Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) in our laboratory. The bone scaffolds made by the multi-nozzle deposition process in the MDM system have good biocompatibility and bone conductive properties as a molecular scaffold for bone morphogenic protein (BMP) in the implantation experiment of repairing segment defects in rabbits' and dogs' radiuses.

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