An Innovation System for Building Manufacturing

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Craveiro ◽  
João Meneses de Matos ◽  
Helena Bártolo ◽  
Paulo Bártolo
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Geometric Information ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Graded Material

Traditionally the construction sector is very conservative, risk averse and reluctant to adopt new technologies and ideas. The construction industry faces great challenges to develop more innovative and efficient solutions. In recent years, significant advances in technology and more sustainable urban environments has been creating numerous opportunities for innovation in automation. This paper proposes a new system based on extrusion-based technologies aiming at solving some limitations of current technologies to allow a more efficient building construction with organic forms and geometries, based on sustainable eco principles. This novel approach is described through a control deposition software. Current modeling techniques focus only on capturing the geometric information and cannot satisfy the requirements from modeling the components made of multi-heterogeneous materials. There is a great deal of interest in tailoring structures so the functional requirements can vary with location. The proposed functionally graded material deposition (FGM) system will allow a smooth variation of material properties to build up more efficient buildings regarding thermal, acoustic and structural conditions.

Functionally Graded Structures through Building Manufacturing

2013 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Craveiro ◽  
Helena Bártolo ◽  
Paulo J. Bártolo
Keyword(s):  
Design Thinking ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Graded Structures

The construction industry is facing an increasing pressure to optimize its performance reducing costs and minimizing its impact on the environment. The built environment is a very demanding human and dynamic environment facing rising challenges to develop more innovative and efficient solutions. New technologies, growing client expectations and a shift in design thinking are motivating radical improvements in the construction sector towards more integrated systems through computational fabrication processes. A RapidConstruction System was developed based on extrusion-based technologies to enable the construction of eco-efficient buildings with complex forms and geometries. The optimization of this new system will enable to integrate the concept of material space, material composition information of building heterogeneous components with geometry information, assigning different spatial features according to requirements. This new 3D digital processing system was used to fabricate functional graded structural components with different material compositions, so its functional requirements can vary with location. The development of this multi-material deposition system is ongoing to enable the fabrication of more efficient structures regarding thermal, acoustic and structural conditions.

On the Rapid Prototyping Technologies and Applications in Product Design and Manufacturing

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pulak M. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Solid Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Data Preparation ◽  
Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Graded Material

Material removal, forming, casting and joining are the established manufacturing approaches and processes based on these approaches are being practiced even in modern industries with appropriate automation. Layer by layer material deposition method to produce prototypes from a solid model is relatively new and was developed during last 10-15 years of 20th century. These processes were named as Rapid Prototyping (RP) or Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF). Today there are many commercial RP system and most of these able to deposit liquid or solid/powder polymer based materials. Some systems are also able to deposit blends of polymer and metal or ceramic. Latest trend in this area is to deposit metals or alloys with variable composition and hence to produce functionally graded material. This paper describes in general the details related to RP processes, data preparation, and various commercial RP technologies. The article also discusses applications these processes.

Additive Manufacturing of Multi-Material and Composite Parts

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
V. Senthilkumar ◽  
Velmurugan C. ◽  
K. R. Balasubramanian ◽  
M. Kumaran
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Single Part

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology can be employed to produce multimaterial parts. In this approach, multiple types of materials are used for the fabrication of a single part. Custom-built functionally graded, heterogeneous, or porous structures and composite materials can be fabricated thorough this process. In this method, metals, plastics, and ceramics have been used with suitable AM methods to obtain multi-material products depending on functional requirements. The process of making composite materials by AM can either be performed during the material deposition process or by a hybrid process in which the combination of different materials can be performed before or after AM as a previous or subsequent stage of production of a component. Composite processes can be employed to produce functionally graded materials (FGM).

Path Planning for Functionally Graded Materials in Hollow Tissue Scaffold Printing

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Tissue Scaffold ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Zigzag Pattern ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Planning Methodology

This study proposes a new path planning methodology to control functionally graded materials in hollowed scaffold printing for tissue engineering. Based on ruled surface construction from our earlier work [1], ruling lines are postprocessed for continuous path planning with uniform material deposition. Besides, arc fitting is used to reduce over-deposition by enabling non-stop deposition at the sharp turns. Layer-by-layer deposition is progressed through consecutive layers of ruling line based zigzag pattern followed by a biarc fitted spiral pattern. Functionally graded material properties are then mapped based on parametric distances from hollow features.

Material optimization of a cemented tibia tray using functionally graded material

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan S. Hedia ◽  
Saad M. Aldousari ◽  
Noha Fouda
Keyword(s):  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Material Optimization ◽  
Graded Material

Complex Battlespaces

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Aerial Systems

The conduct of warfare is constantly shaped by forces beyond the battlefield. These forces create complexities in the battlespace for military operations. The ever-changing nature of how and where wars are fought creates challenges for the application of the unchanging body of international law that regulates armed conflicts. The term “complex” is often used to describe modern warfare, but what makes modern warfare complex? Is it the increasingly urbanized battlefield where wars are fought, which is cluttered with civilians and civilian objects? Is it the rise of State-like organized armed groups that leverage the governance vacuum created by failed or failing States? Is it the introduction of new technologies to military operations like autonomous weapons, cyber capabilities, and unmanned aerial systems? Or is it the application of multiple legal regimes to a single conflict? Collectively, these questions formed the basis for the Complex Battlespaces Workshop in which legal scholars and experts from the field of practice came together to discuss these complexities. During the workshop, there was a general consensus that the existing law was sufficient to regulate modern warfare. The challenge, however, arises in application of the law to new technologies, military operations in urban environments, and other issues related to applying international human rights law and international humanitarian law to non-international armed conflicts. This inaugural volume of the Lieber Book Series seeks to address many of the complexities that arise during the application of international law to modern warfare.

Diversity of organisms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Diversity Of Life

The focus of this chapter is an examination of the diversity of living organisms found within urban environments, both inside and outside buildings. The discussion commences with prions and viruses before moving on to consider micro-organisms, plants, and animals. Prions and viruses cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. Micro-organisms are ubiquitous and are found in great numbers throughout urban environments. New technologies are providing new insights into their diversity. Plants may be found inside buildings as well as in gardens and other green spaces. The final sections of the chapter offer a discussion of the diversity of animals that live in urban areas for part or all of their life cycle. Examples of the diversity of life in urban environments are presented throughout, including native and non-native species, those that are benign and deadly, and the common and the rare.

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