Electron Beam Welding Studies on Nb-Hf-Ti Refractory Alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 608-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Anil Kumar ◽  
M.K. Karthikeyan ◽  
E.G. Vinayan ◽  
Rohit Kumar Gupta ◽  
P. Ram Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Refractory Metal ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Oxidation Protection ◽  
High Melting Temperature ◽  
Realistic Option ◽  
Aerospace Systems ◽  
Welding Procedure ◽  
Poor Oxidation Resistance

Niobium, a refractory metal is mainly used as alloying addition in steels, superalloys, titanium and copper alloys. Being lightest refractory metal with high melting temperature, niobium based alloys are developed for high temperature applications of aerospace systems. However, poor oxidation resistance at elevated temperature limits its fabrication options and also requires oxidation protection in service. Among the fabrication methods, electron beam welding has been found to be a realistic option and the same has been studied in the present work. The paper presents the details of the Electron Beam Welding study carried out in developing the welding procedure for this alloy. An attempt has been made to correlate the weldment microstructure with the mechanical properties.

Electron Beam Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel with Regulated Heat Input

2013 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Bárta ◽  
Katarína Bártová ◽  
Ladislav Schwarz ◽  
Peter Krampoťák
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Current State ◽  
Focusing Distance ◽  
Welding Procedure

This paper analyses the current state of welding duplex stainless steel (DSS). Despite of well-known procedures of welding DSS by standard methods, nowadays modern technologies brings several issues. Electron beam welding showed the problems with achieving the similar phase composition to base metal. By changing the focusing distance and using the post-heating it was possible to bring extra heat input to weld joint what promoted the creation of austenite. Post-heating was performed by additional electron beam pass. By modification of welding procedure it was possible to obtain the phase composition very similar to base metal.

scholarly journals Study on Electron Beam Welding Procedure for Pressure Hull of Deep Submergence Research Vehicle

1981 ◽  
Vol 1981 (149) ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
Michimasa Endo ◽  
Mamoru Hirose ◽  
Toshikazu Shimoyama ◽  
Hideyuki Morihana ◽  
Katsuto Fuchigami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welding Procedure

scholarly journals Electron Beam Welding of Gear Wheels by Splitted Beam

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (34) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Daniel Dřímal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Weld Root ◽  
Gear Wheels ◽  
Welding Procedure

Abstract This contribution deals with the issue of electron beam welding of high-accurate gear wheels composed of a spur gearing and fluted shaft joined with a face weld for automotive industry. Both parts made of the high-strength low-alloy steel are welded in the condition after final machining and heat treatment, performed by case hardening, whereas it is required that the run-out in the critical point of weldment after welding, i. e. after the final operation, would be 0.04 mm max.. In case of common welding procedure, cracks were formed in the weld, initiated by spiking in the weld root. Crack formation was prevented by the use of an interlocking joint with a rounded recess and suitable welding parameters, eliminating crack initiation by spiking in the weld root. Minimisation of the welding distortions was achieved by the application of tack welding with simultaneous splitting of one beam into two parts in the opposite sections of circumferential face weld attained on the principle of a new system of controlled deflection with digital scanning of the beam. This welding procedure assured that the weldment temperature after welding would not be higher than 400 °C. Thus, this procedure allowed achieving the final run-outs in the critical point of gearwheels within the maximum range up to 0.04 mm, which is acceptable for the given application. Accurate optical measurements did not reveal any changes in the teeth dimensions.

Experimental Studies of a High-Gradient X-band Welded Hard-Copper Split Accelerating Structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Agustsson ◽  
Paul Carriere ◽  
Osvaldo Chimalpopoca ◽  
Valery A. Dolgashev ◽  
Maria A Gusarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Breakdown Rate ◽  
High Gradient ◽  
Electromagnetic Design ◽  
Accelerating Structure

Abstract Recent research on high-gradient radio frequency (RF) accelerating structures indicates that the use of hard copper alloys provides improvement in high gradient performance over annealed copper. Such structures are made by bonding individually manufactured parts. However, there are no well-established bonding techniques that preserve the hardness, surface finish and cleanliness required for high gradient operation. To preserve the copper hardness, RadiaBeam has developed a joining technique based on electron beam welding. This technique provides efficient bonding with strong, clean welds and minimal thermal loading, while maintaining a clean inner RF environment. Our RF design and fabrication methodology limits the small heat affected zone to the outer cavity envelop, with virtually no distortions or thermal loading of critical RF surfaces. It also incorporates provisions to precisely control the gap despite conventional issues with weld joint shrinkage. To date we have manufactured and validated an RF accelerating structure joined by electron-beam welding that incorporates a novel open split design to significantly reduce the assembly complexity and cost. In this paper, we will present the electromagnetic design of this structure, discuss bonding, and present the results of high-power tests, where the accelerating gradients of 140 MV/m with surface peak fields of 400 MV/m were achieved for flat-top pulse length of 600 ns with an RF breakdown rate of 10-4 1/(pulse∙m).

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