Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Organomodified Montmorillonite Nanohybrids; Interaction and Thermal Decomposition

2013 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Salehabadi ◽  
Abu Bakar Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Solvent Casting ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction ◽  
Alkyl Ammonium ◽  
Decomposition Activation Energy ◽  
Organomodified Montmorillonite

Nanohybrids, based on a modified natural rubber,Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR-50), and organomodified montmorillonite (MMT) containing alkyl ammonium, were prepared by solvent casting technique. Morphology and non-isothermal degradation of ENR-50 and various ENR/MMT nanohybrids were characterized by POM, SEM and TG-DTG. In the hybrid materials,an increase MMT loading in the ENR-50 increased the maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) of thermal profiles. Kissinger and Ozawa plots deduced a trend of the decomposition activation energy, Ed, which is related to the agglomeration and heat transfer ability of MMT. A mechanism comprising of the degradation of ENR-50 via scission of epoxy-isoprene chains to shorter chains, ring opening reaction and the possible interactions of modified nanoclay and ENR-50 is discussed.

Kinetic and Nanomechanical Study of Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)-Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Organomodified Montmorillonite Nanohybrids

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Ali Salehabadi ◽  
Mohamad Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Solvent Casting ◽  
Multicomponent Systems ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Nanomechanical Properties ◽  
Immiscible Polymers ◽  
Degradation Activation Energy ◽  
Organomodified Montmorillonite

Multicomponent systems, consisting two immiscible polymers, Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and 50 mol% epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) and a filler i.e. organomodified montmorillonite (MMT) have been prepared by solvent casting technique. A 50/50 composition of PHB, a biodegradable polymer, and ENR-50 was first dissolved in chloroform and this was followed by the addition of 1, 3 or 5 wt% MMT to form the nanohybrid samples. The kinetic and nanomechanical properties of the as prepared samples were studied. Kissinger plots showed that the nanohybrids exhibited a decrease in degradation activation energy (Ed) as MMT content was increased. The nanomechnical study of these samples indicates an increase in hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) when MMT content is increased in the samples.

NMR study of ring opening reaction of epoxidized natural rubber in presence of potassium hydroxide/isopropanol solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar S. Dahham ◽  
Rosniza Hamzah ◽  
Mohamad Abu Bakar ◽  
Nik Noriman Zulkepli ◽  
Saad S. Dahham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction ◽  
Isopropanol Solution

The Structural Studies of Oxirane Ring Opening Reaction in Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR-50) by SnCl2.2H2O and the Formation of ENR/TiN Complex Hybrid

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 727-737
Author(s):  
Hamzah Rosniza ◽  
Abu Bakar Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Methine Proton ◽  
Oxirane Ring ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction ◽  
Complex Hybrid ◽  
C Nmr

Oxirane ring opening reaction of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) is a promising method to produce hybrids or introduce reactive fillers into the polymers through the covalent bond. This paper reports the reaction between ENR-50 and SnCl2.2H2O under CO2environment. The complex formation is characterized via FTIR,1H,13C and119Sn NMR.1H NMR which displays deduction of methine proton integrals at δ 2.71 ppm implies the occurrence ring opening reaction. While13C NMR reveals new peaks which corresponds to Sn-C bond. The119Sn NMR proves four-coordinates tin in ENR/Sn complex hybrid.

Improvement of Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption in Wheat Gluten by Epoxidized Natural Rubber

2019 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Kantima Chaochanchaikul
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Opposite Behavior ◽  
Internal Mixer

TThe aims of this research work were to improve touhgness and water resistance of wheat gluten (WG) by epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) compared to glycerol. WG specimens were mixed and prepared by internal mixer and compression molding machine, respectively. ENR and glycerol were varied from 10 to 40 wt%. Effects of modifier types and contents on WG were evaluated by tensile, impact and water absorption testings and microstructure and thermal analyses. The increase of ENR or glycerol contents led to the increase of toughness by considering the increase of impact strength and elongation at break. Glass transition temperature of WG tended to decrease with the increase of ENR or glycerol contents, especially for glycerol. The presence of glycerol affected to the decomposition temperature values whereas ENR did not affect to decomposition. ENR improved water resistant of WG specimen but trend of glycerol showed the opposite behavior. Weight loss of modified WG with glycerol was found at immersion time of 1440 min.

Preparation, Characterization and Application of Siloxane Succinate Fatliquor

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Tao Qiang ◽  
Xiang Luo ◽  
Long Fang Ren ◽  
Xue Chuan Wang ◽  
Bao Yuan He
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Dyeing Property ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction

The silicone succinate surfactant (PMPS) was synthesized by ring-opening reaction using polyether alcohol amine modified polysilosane (PAPS) with maleic anhydride (MA) as the raw materials, and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) was used as the catalyst. Sulfated castor oil and sulfated rapeseed oil were combinated with PMPS to prepare a new leather fatliqour (PMPSF) composed mainly of PMPS. The molecular structure of PMPS was characterized by FTIR spectra; the thermal properties of PMPS was characterized and analyzed by TGA. PMPSF was used in sheepskin wet blue leather and compared with oxidative sulfited vegetable oils (L-3) and RF-1 fatliquor; the waterproof and mechanical properties of the leather were measured. The results show that the thermal decomposition temperature of PMPS is 192.8°C. Fatliquor PMPSF provids a good level-dyeing property, the leather oiled by it has good flexibility and fullness, the waterproofness and mechanical properties of leather are also good. Moreover, compared with the leather fatliquored by L-3, the thickening rate of leather oiled by PMPSF reaches 13.7%.

A structural study of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) ring opening under mild acidic condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosniza Hamzah ◽  
Mohamad Abu Bakar ◽  
Omar Sabbar Dahham ◽  
Nik Noriman Zulkepli ◽  
Saad Sabbar Dahham
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Structural Study ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Acidic Condition ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber

Epoxidised Natural Rubber Based Polymer Electrolyte Systems for Electrochemical Device Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razali Idris ◽  
Noor Hidaya Bujang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Glass Temperature ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Similar Temperature Dependence ◽  
Single Transition

Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR50), lithium imide salt, [LiN(SO2CF3)2] with and without solvent were prepared by solvent casting technique. Non solvated polymer electrolyte showed modest ionic conductivity at ambient temperature. To further enhance ionic conductivity a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate was added into the system. Thermal characterization showed that single transition glass temperature (Tg) for all systems and amorphous phase is dominant. DSC traces of non solvated samples have shown Tg values increased whereas addition of mixed EC/PC solvent into the electrolyte system reduced their values respectively. Impedance measurements for the solvated epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) based electrolyte systems have shown optimal ionic conductivity 10-4 S cm-1 whereas 10-6 S cm-1 for a non solvated one. ENR electrolyte systems showed similar temperature dependence, which suggests that the conductivity is thermally activated.

Preparation of Cyclopentyl Trisilanol Silsesquioxanes - Modified Natural Rubber (CpSSQ(OH)3 ENR-50) Composite Hybrid in the Presence of HCL Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosniza Hamzah ◽  
Mohamad Abu Bakar ◽  
Nik Noriman Zulkepli ◽  
Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Shift ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Silanol Group ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Epoxide Ring ◽  
Proton Chemical Shift ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction

A composite comprising cyclopentyl trisilanol silsesquioxanes (CpSSQ(OH)3) and 50% epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) was prepared at reflux temperature employed hydrochloric acid (HCl) as catalyst. HCl was found to be an effective catalyst to promote ring opening reaction of ENR-50 and tailored CpSSQ(OH)3to the ENR-50 polymer chains via chemical reaction. FTIR spectroscopy reveals a hydroxyl stretching indicating the occurrence of epoxide ring opening reaction.1H NMR analysis further proved the incorporation of CpSSQ(OH)3into ENR-50 polymer chains via shiftment of proton chemical shift and addition in the proton integrals. Si29NMR analysis evidence the Si-O-C bond through a chemical shift of silanol group from CpSSQ(OH)3.

Effect of Calcium Stearate Concentration on Tensile Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber

2011 ◽  
Vol 117-119 ◽  
pp. 1027-1031
Author(s):  
Yong Yue Luo ◽  
Qing Huang Wang ◽  
Chang Jin Yang ◽  
Can Zhong He ◽  
Yue Qiong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Calcium Stearate ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Aging Resistance ◽  
Percentage Retention

The tensile strength and elongation at break of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was investigated by adding different concentration of calcium stearate. Two grades of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), namely, ENR 25 and ENR 40 were used as model materials. Semi-efficient vulcanization (semi-EV) was used throughout the study. The tensile property of unaged and aged ENR vulcanizates was determined by using U-CAN electron tensile testing machine. Results indicate that tensile strength and elongation at break of unaged ENR 25 and ENR40 vulcanizates increase gradually with increasing concentration of calcium stearate up to about 1phr of calcium stearate and after which, the tensile strength and elongation at break drop with a further increase in calcium stearate loading. For a similar alcium stearate concentration, the tensile strength and elongation at break of ENR 40 vulcanizates exhibits a consistently higher value than that of ENR 25 vulcanizates, which is due to the higher crosslink density of ENR40 which contains more epoxide groups than ENR 25. For aged samples, the addition of calcium stearate could enhance the tensile strength and elongation at break of aged samples. Percentage retention of tensile strength and elongation at break also gradually increases with calcium stearate loading. That means that the incorporation of calcium stearate is found to improve the aging resistance of ENR vulcanizates. This is because calcium stearate neutralizes sulfur acids which can catalyze ring-opening of expoxide groups via ether crosslinks.

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