Medium-Carbon Free-Cutting Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
A.V. Ryabov
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Aluminium Oxide ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Aluminium Nitride ◽  
Cutting Steel ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Inclusions In Steel

The paper presents theoretical and experimental studies of the formation processes of boron nitride, aluminium nitride, aluminium oxide and manganese sulphide inclusions in a free-cutting steel. Fact Sage software was used to model the behaviour of non-metallic inclusions. Formation temperatures and the amount of key inclusions in steel were calculated. Formation order of inclusions is as follows: aluminium oxide > boron nitride > manganese sulphide > aluminium nitride. The object of study was the A45AR grade steel in 1.1–1.2 kg ingots. It was melted in an induction furnace, and aluminium, nitrided ferrosilicon and ferroboron were added after deoxidation before tapping. Quality estimation included chemical composition, macro-and microstructure, the character and shape of non-metallic inclusions. The finished metal contained fine and uniformly distributed inclusions of boron nitride. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of boron nitrides distribution in metal matrix showed that they were present both as individual and complex compounds, mostly of spherical shape. The size of BN inclusions varied from 0.18 to 6.52 μm. The amount of boron added to steel did not affect the size of MnS non-metallic inclusions.

scholarly journals A tool for finding inclusion clusters in steel SEM specimens

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 642-648
Author(s):  
Anna-Mari Wartiainen ◽  
Markus Harju ◽  
Satu Tamminen ◽  
Leena Määttä ◽  
Tuomas Alatarvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Steel Specimen ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Quality Prediction ◽  
Automatic Production ◽  
Automatic Interpretation ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Purity Analysis ◽  
Inclusions In Steel

AbstractNon-metallic inclusions, especially large or clustered inclusions, in steel are usually harmful. Thus, the microscopic analysis of test specimens is an important part of the quality control. This steel purity analysis produces a large amount of individual inclusion information for each test specimen. The interpretation of the results is laborious and the comparison of larger product groups practically impossible. The purpose of this study was to develop an easy-to-use tool for automatic interpretation of the SEM analysis to differentiate clustered and large inclusions information from the manifold individual inclusion information. Because of the large variety of the potential users, the tool needs to be applicable for any steel grade and application, both for liquid and final product specimen, to analyse automatically steel specimen inclusions, especially inclusion clusters, based on the INCA Feature program produced data from SEM/EDS. The developed tool can be used to improve the controlling of the steel purity or for automatic production of new inclusion cluster features that can be utilised further in quality prediction models, for example.

scholarly journals Synthesize and Characterization of Hollow Boron-Nitride Nanocages

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Zhang ◽  
J. G. Zheng ◽  
W. F. Li ◽  
D. Y. Geng ◽  
Z. D. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Amorphous Boron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ammonia Atmosphere

The boron-nitride (BN) nanocages are synthesized by nitrogenation of amorphous boron nanoparticles at 1073 K under nitrogen and ammonia atmosphere. The BN nanocages exhibit a well-crystallized feature with nearly pentagonal or spherical shape, depending on their size. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that they are hollow nanocages. The growth mechanism of the BN nanocages is proposed.

Prediction of non-metallic inclusions in steel wires for tire reinforcement by means of machine learning algorithms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Cuartas ◽  
Estela Ruiz ◽  
Diego Ferreño ◽  
Jesús Setién ◽  
Valentín Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Inclusions In Steel

Effect of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles as an additive on the extreme pressure properties of engine oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Fadzli Bin Abdollah ◽  
Noreffendy Tamaldin ◽  
Hilmi Amiruddin ◽  
Nur Rashid Mat Nuri
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Sonication Technique

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoparticles on extreme pressure (EP) properties when used as an additive in lubricating oil. Design/methodology/approach The nano-oil was prepared by dispersing an optimal composition of 0.5 vol. per cent of 70 nm hBN in SAE 15W-40 diesel engine oil using a sonication technique. The tribological testing was performed using a four-ball tribometer according to the ASTM standard. Findings It was found that the nano-oil has a potential to decelerate the seizure point on the contact surfaces, where higher EP can be obtained. More adhesive wear was observed on the worn surfaces of ball bearing lubricated with SAE 15W-40 diesel engine oil as compared with the nano-oil lubrication. Originality/value The results of the experimental studies demonstrated the potential of hBN as an additive for improving the load-carrying ability of lubricating oil.

scholarly journals Usage of thermal isolation systems for low-rise buildings as a component of information models

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 01039
Author(s):  
Pavel Gudkov ◽  
Pavel Kagan ◽  
Anton Pilipenko ◽  
E Yu Zhukova ◽  
E A Zinovieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Frame Buildings ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Isolation Systems ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Heat Shielding ◽  
Object Of Study

The article discusses the possibility of using the criteria of energy saving, cost and comfort as an estimate criterion in the analysis of information modeling technologies for low-rise buildings at the stages of design, implementation and operation. The insulation systems of low-rise buildings, including frame type, are considered as an object of study. Different types of insulation systems of frame buildings are considered and, as a result, the expediency of using rolled polyethylene foam as an insulating material is established. Its use allows to form a seamless insulating sheath with minimization of heat transfer bridges, as well as to eliminate the use of additional wind-proof and vapor-insulating membranes. The regularities of the influence of operating factors on the thermal resistance of the insulating shell are established. The data obtained as a result of the implementation of experimental studies allow us to state that low water absorption and low vapor permeability of the insulating layer exclude the possibility of its wetting and degradation of heat-shielding parameters. The stability of the properties of the insulation sheath and the construction of the walls as a whole is ensured during the entire period of operation.

Non-metallic inclusions in steel

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Inclusions In Steel

The use of petrographic methods for the identification of non-metallic inclusions in steel (plates XIII to XVI)

1961 ◽  
Vol 32 (253) ◽  
pp. 790-801
Author(s):  
C. G. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Steel Plates ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Inclusions In Steel

SummaryIt is shown that petrographic methods, using the microscope and micro-refractometer, can be a valuable aid in the identification of non-metallic inclusions in steel, even when their size is only a small fraction of a millimetre. Special ways of preparing the samples are given, and some of the methods used in examination are indicated. Natural chromite, corundum, merwinite, mutlite, quartz, rhodonite, spincls, and zircon are taken as examples of the minerals found.

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