scholarly journals Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Chromatography Process Routes for the Purification of Lithium

2019 ◽  
Vol 959 ◽  
pp. 79-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Schmidt ◽  
Fabian Mestmäcker ◽  
Lisa Brückner ◽  
Tobias Elwert ◽  
Jochen Strube
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Concentration Step ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Increasing Demand

Since several years, the lithium market is characterized by high growth rates especially due to the increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, the primary production is currently expanded and there is a growing interest in recycling. However, because of the chemical properties of lithium, many production processes lack efficient processes for the separation, concentration and purification of lithium. This article reviews the current use of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and chromatography in lithium production as well as research. Currently, the industrial application of LLE and chromatography in lithium purification is limited to the extraction of impurities and co-products. Extraction of lithium is only used as concentration step in few processes before lithium precipitation. In research and development, a wide variety of extractants and resins is investigated. In LLE, chelating extractants like crown ethers and calixarene and synergistic systems show the greatest potential. In the chromatographic separation the main focus of research lies upon cation exchange media, especially media with sulfonated ligands. However, most research is still in early development. Therefore, extensive research is needed to enable the industrial use of optimized LLE and chromatography processes in lithium production. Content TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l "_Toc515547308" Abstract PAGEREF _Toc515547308 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc515547309" Content PAGEREF _Toc515547309 \h 3

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Properties of LiFSI Solutions I. LiFSI with Valeronitrile, Dichloromethane, 1,2-Dichloroethane, and 1,2-Dichlorobenzene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Neuhaus ◽  
Erik von Harbou ◽  
Hans Hasse
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Binary Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Vapor Liquid Equilibria

Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) is a novel electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. Valeronitrile (VN) is a good solvent for LiFSI, and dichloromethane (DCM), 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB), are interesting antisolvents for crystallization. Physico-chemical data for the design of LiFSI production processes, in which these components are used, is lacking. Therefore, the solubility of LiFSI in VN, as well as in binary solvent mixtures VN + (DCM, DCE, DCB) was measured at temperatures between 278 and 343 K and concentrations of LiFSI up to 0.52 mol mol(-1). Furthermore, vapor-liquid equilibria of the systems VN-DCE (at 200 mbar) and VN-DCB (at 200, 300, and 450 mbar) were studied. Also, the density and shear viscosity of solutions of LiFSI in VN were measured at temperatures between 293 and 333 K and concentrations of LiFSI up to 0.5 mol mol(-1).

scholarly journals Designed formation of Co3O4@NiCo2O4 sheets-in-cage nanostructure as high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (70) ◽  
pp. 39879-39883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Chu ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Lu Zhou ◽  
Xingzhen Yan ◽  
Yaodan Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Lithium Storage

Unique Co3O4@NiCo2O4 sheets-in-cage hybrid nanoparticles are successfully fabricated through a template-assisted method. When evaluated as an anode material, they exhibit highly enhanced electro-chemical properties for lithium storage.

Acetonitrile as tops solvent for liquid chromatography and extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Borisovich Rudakov ◽  
Liudmila V. Rudakova ◽  
Vladimir F. Selemenev
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Refraction Index ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Optic Density ◽  
Mobile Phases ◽  
Physico Chemical

This article deals with acetonitrile physico-chemical properties and its mixtures with water. It covers the information about isotherms of such parameters of the acetonitrile-water binary system as density, viscosity, permeation coefficient, refraction index, optic density, a boiling point isobar. Authors suggest a generalized criterion of acetonitrile polarity. The article also discusses means of polarity assessment and eluotropic strength of mobile phases on the basis of acetonitrile mixtures with water with application of generalized criteria. Special attention is paid to the options of acetonitrile application in various extraction methods of chromatographic sample preparation. The article also reveals advantages and problems of acetonitrile application as a mobile phase modifying agent in the HPLC reversed-phase and as a hydrophilic extra-agent in liquid-liquid extraction.

Failure Mode Based Design and Optimization of the Electrode Packaging Process for Large Scale Battery Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 907 ◽  
pp. 309-319
Author(s):  
Jan Schmitt ◽  
Annika Raatz
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Packaging Process ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High

The increasing demand of electric vehicles and thus Lithium-Ion batteries results in a multitude of challenges in production technology. The cost-effectiveness, reproducibility, performance and safety requirements of large scale batteries for automotive applications are very high. At the same time the production processes are complex and have many uncertainties, namely how single parameters influence the specific values of the battery performance. Therefore, this article focuses on the design and optimization of production processes of large scale batteries using an established FMEA approach. This method is applied to the electrode packaging process, which constitutes a crucial production step, as the anode and cathode material is assembled to create a multi-layer cell. Based on a failure mode ranking, two categories of essential failure are considered in detail. First the positioning error of the electrode foils and following this the multi-layer handling during the process. Here, an algorithm to simulate the stacking error is presented and a sensor concept to detect multi gripped layers during the handling by a gripper integrated eddy current sensor is introduced.

scholarly journals Recovery of Cobalt from Spent Lithium-Ion Mobile Phone Batteries Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction

Batteries ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Quintero-Almanza ◽  
Zeferino Gamiño-Arroyo ◽  
Lorena Eugenia Sánchez-Cadena ◽  
Fernando Israel Gómez-Castro ◽  
Agustín Ramón Uribe-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Extractant Concentration ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Cobalt Recovery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Countercurrent Process

The aim of this paper was to propose and test a continuous cobalt recovery process from waste mobile phone batteries. The procedure started with dismantling, crushing, and classifying the materials. A study on leaching with sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide was carried out with subsequent selective separation of cobalt by means of liquid–liquid extraction. The best extraction conditions were determined based on a sequence of experiments that consisted of selecting the best extractant for cobalt, then assessing the impact of extractant concentration, pH, and contact time on the extraction yield. With these conditions, an extraction isotherm was obtained and correlated with a mathematical model to define the number of extraction stages for a countercurrent process using the McCabe–Thiele method. Then, a similar study was done for stripping conditions and, as a last step, cobalt electroplating was performed. The proposed process offers a solution for the treatment of these batteries, avoiding potential problems of contamination and risk for living beings, as well as offering an opportunity to recover valuable metal.

Boron-doped coronenes with high redox potential for organic positive electrodes in lithium-ion batteries: a first-principles density functional theory modeling study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. 10111-10120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuntong Zhu ◽  
Ki Chul Kim ◽  
Seung Soon Jang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Positive Electrodes ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Boron-doped coronenes are attractive as promising positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to the unique physical and chemical properties of coronene.

Novel high-performance Ga2Te3 anode for Li-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Han Lee ◽  
Yoon Hwa ◽  
Cheol-Min Park
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
High Power ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Increasing Demand

The development of high-capacity and high-power lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a key challenge to meet the increasing demand for advanced mobile electronics and electric vehicles. A novel high-capacity and high-power...

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