Acetonitrile as tops solvent for liquid chromatography and extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Borisovich Rudakov ◽  
Liudmila V. Rudakova ◽  
Vladimir F. Selemenev
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Refraction Index ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Optic Density ◽  
Mobile Phases ◽  
Physico Chemical

This article deals with acetonitrile physico-chemical properties and its mixtures with water. It covers the information about isotherms of such parameters of the acetonitrile-water binary system as density, viscosity, permeation coefficient, refraction index, optic density, a boiling point isobar. Authors suggest a generalized criterion of acetonitrile polarity. The article also discusses means of polarity assessment and eluotropic strength of mobile phases on the basis of acetonitrile mixtures with water with application of generalized criteria. Special attention is paid to the options of acetonitrile application in various extraction methods of chromatographic sample preparation. The article also reveals advantages and problems of acetonitrile application as a mobile phase modifying agent in the HPLC reversed-phase and as a hydrophilic extra-agent in liquid-liquid extraction.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Partition Efficiencies of Multiple Phenolic Compounds Contained in Propolis in Different Modes of Acetonitrile–Water-Based Homogenous Liquid–Liquid Extraction

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Chen ◽  
Xijuan Tu ◽  
Dehui Wu ◽  
Zhaosheng Gao ◽  
Siyuan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Subzero Temperature ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Water Based

Homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (HLLE) has attracted considerable interest in the sample preparation of multi-analyte analysis. In this study, HLLEs of multiple phenolic compounds in propolis, a polyphenol-enriched resinous substance collected by honeybees, were performed for improving the understanding of the differences in partition efficiencies in four acetonitrile–water-based HLLE methods, including salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE), sugaring-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SULLE), hydrophobic-solvent assisted liquid–liquid extraction (HSLLE), and subzero-temperature assisted liquid–liquid extraction (STLLE). Phenolic compounds were separated in reversed-phase HPLC, and the partition efficiencies in different experimental conditions were evaluated. Results showed that less-polar phenolic compounds (kaempferol and caffeic acid phenethyl ester) were highly efficiently partitioned into the upper acetonitrile (ACN) phase in all four HLLE methods. For more-polar phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, isoferulic acid, dimethoxycinnamic acid, and cinnamic acid), increasing the concentration of ACN in the ACN–H2O mixture could dramatically improve the partition efficiency. Moreover, results indicated that NaCl-based SALLE, HSLLE, and STLLE with ACN concentrations of 50:50 (ACN:H2O, v/v) could be used for the selective extraction of low-polarity phenolic compounds. MgSO4-based SALLE in the 50:50 ACN–H2O mixture (ACN:H2O, v/v) and the NaCl-based SALLE, SULLE, and STLLE with ACN concentrations of 70:30 (ACN:H2O, v/v) could be used as general extraction methods for multiple phenolic compounds.

Comparison of Sorption and Extraction Methods for Recovery of Trace Organics from Water

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
V C Blok ◽  
G P Slater ◽  
E M Giblin
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Standard Mixture ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Trace Organics ◽  
Tenax Gc

Several commercially available adsorbents were compared with solvent extraction methods for their utility in recovering trace organics from water. The adsorbents examined included Amberlite XAD-2, XAD-4 and XAD-8, Ambersorb XE340 and XE348 and Tenax-GC. All were found to produce high artifact levels, even after extensive clean-up, making them unsuitable for the analysis of trace organics in water. Quantitatively, Likens-Nickerson or continuous liquid-liquid extraction with méthylene chloride gave better recoveries than the adsorbents. Qualitatively, extractive methods were preferred as they yielded much lower levels of impurities than the adsorbents. These methods of recovering trace organics were evaluated using a standard mixture of compounds added to the water at a level of 55 µg/l. Likens-Nickerson extraction gave comparable recoveries of this mixture at 55 µg/l and 11 µg/l.

scholarly journals Extraction and Analysis of Tetrahydrocannabinol, A Cannabis Compound in Oral Fluid

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Zhiyuan Mi ◽  
Jiangtao Su ◽  
Xiangyu You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Target

Although misuse and abuse of Cannabis is well known, the health benefits have been proved by various biomedical studies. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the major active substance in leaves of Cannabis, which is the common target for drug testing. In field drug testing, oral fluid (OF) has its unique advantages over other specimens such as blood, urine, and hair. Thus the study of THC in OF is gaining popularity in Cannabis research. In this review, extraction methods are introduced in three categories, which are Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE), Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). Examples of application with each method will be covered. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods will be compared. In addition, methods in analysis following extraction will be briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Identification of Phytochemicals from the Water Extract of Eurycoma longifolia Roots using Solid-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Extraction Based Fractionation Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-772
Author(s):  
Lee Suan Chua ◽  
Abirame Segaran ◽  
Hoi Jin Wong
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Acetone Precipitation ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Solid Liquid

Phytochemicals in the water extract of Eurycoma longofolia roots were identified using both solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction based fractionation techniques. A reversed phase C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) was used as solid-liquid extraction, whereas solvent partition was applied as liquid-liquid extraction. Total saponin was increased after fractionation. A few known quassinoids; eurycomanone, 13α(21)-epoxyeurycomanone, pasakbumin D, 13β,18-dihydroeurycomanol and 13β,21-dihydroxyeurycomanol were identified from the 40% and 60% methanol fractions of SPE. Solvent partition extract using ethyl acetate was found to have the highest saponin content compared to butanol and chloroform fractions. Subsequent acetone precipitation of the organic fractions recovered a formylated hexose trimer and other saccharide-containing compounds. Ethyl acetate effectively recovered saponins from E. longofolia water extract using liquid-liquid extraction followed by acetone precipitation.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION, CLEAN-UP, AND HPLC DETECTION OF CARBARYL AND CARBOFURAN FROM CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea)

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iip Izul Falah
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Good Separation ◽  
Carbamate Pesticides ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Better Than

Carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate) and carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol-N-methylcarbamate) are very important N-methylcarbamate pesticides due to their high insecticide and nematocide effects, and widely used in vegetables plantations. The increasing use of carbamate pesticides poses a risk to human and environment. Thus, it is necessary to quantify their residue amount in food and vegetables to prevent harmful effect on animals, human and environment. This work was aimed to study of carbaryl and carbofuran analysis from fortified cabbage (Brassica oleracea) by liquid-liquid extraction, clean-up using SPE, followed by HPLC detection. Result of the work showed that detection of carbaryl using spectrophotometer detector at wavelength of 220 nm was better than at 230 and 280 nm, respectively. When the carbamates were extracted from cabbage using methanol, followed by liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane, cleaned-up with SPE-C18 and eluted by acetonitrile, the recovery was 96.8%. The detection by HPLC involved 4.6 x 25 mm, 5 µm C18 column, spectrophotometer detector at wavelength of 220 nm, and isocratic mobile phase at ratio of 35:65 of acetonitrile:aquabidest gave a good separation between co-extracted compounds and the carbamates.   Keywords: HPLC, carbaryl, carbofuran, extraction, clean-up

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THREE EXTRACTION METHODS OF ALLOPURINOL IN URIC ACID HERBAL MEDICINE WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY QUANTIFICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
RIMADANI PRATIWI ◽  
RASPATI D. MULYANINGSIH ◽  
NYI M. SAPTARINI
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Filtering Method ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Parameters Of Accuracy

Objective: This study was aimed to understand and determine the effectiveness of allopurinol extraction in herbal medicine from three extraction methods based on parameters of accuracy and precision. Methods: The study consisted of three methods including dissolving and filtering, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction with mixed-mode cation exchanger (SPE-MCX). The procedures were carried out using NaOH and HCl in dissolving and filtering method; methanol, HCl, and ethyl acetate in liquid-liquid extraction; and NH4OH elution solvent in SPE-MCX. Results: The results showed that extraction effectiveness based on accuracy level was the dissolving and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction with % recovery+SD of 91.314+2.903%, 87.533+4.950%, and 54.549+3.517%, respectively. The precision level was the dissolution and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction based on % relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.18%, 5.226%, and 6.446%, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the allopurinol extraction method with the highest effectiveness based on accuracy and precision parameters in herbal medicine is the dissolving and filtering method.

scholarly journals Determination of the Trans-resveratrol content of Champagne wines by reversed-phase HPLC

OENO One ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Jeandet ◽  
David Chaudruc ◽  
Bertrand Robillard ◽  
F. Peters ◽  
Dominique Tusseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Fluorometric Detection ◽  
Reversed Phase Hplc ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction

<p style="text-align: justify;">Levels of trans-resveratrol in Champagne wines were determined by the use of reversed-phase HPLC with UV and fluorometric detection after liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Resveratrol concentrations in Champagne wines range from 20 to 77 μg/L except for the Champagne rosé in which resveratrol reaches several hundred micrograms per litre. The resveratrol content of Champagne wines was also shown to decrease with aging on lees.</p>

scholarly journals RP-HPLC Method Development and Its Validation for Quantitative Determination of Rimonabant in Human Plasma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shravan Bankey ◽  
Ganesh Tapadiya ◽  
Jasvant Lamale ◽  
Deepti Jain ◽  
Shweta Saboo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Bioequivalence Study ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Hplc Method Development

A simple, accurate, and precise HPLC method was developed and validated for determination of rimonabant in human plasma. Following liquid-liquid extraction, chromatographic separation was accomplished using C18 column with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile : water (90 : 10, v/v), drug was detected at 260 nm using UVdetector. The LOD and LOQ were 3.0 and 10.0 μg/L, respectively. The method is linear in the interval 50.0–1000.0 μg/L. The average extraction recovery of drug from plasma was found to be 92.2%. The percent CV of the method was found to be less than 10.8%, and accuracy was found between 94.5 and 106.7%. The assay may be applied to a pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study of rimonabant.

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