Reactive Diffusion between Ti and Cu-9.3Sn-0.3Ti Alloy at Solid-State Temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 172-174 ◽  
pp. 470-474
Author(s):  
Masanori Kajihara ◽  
Shingo Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Diffusion Couple ◽  
Volume Diffusion ◽  
Interface Reaction ◽  
Reactive Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Couples ◽  
Experimental Conditions

The reactive diffusion between Ti and a bronze was experimentally examined using sandwich diffusion couples consisting of Ti and a Cu-9.3Sn-0.3Ti alloy. The diffusion couples were isothermally annealed at temperatures ofT= 923-1023 K. During annealing, CuTi, (Cu, Sn)4Ti3and (Sn, Cu)5Ti6compounds are formed as layers at the interface in the diffusion couple. The overall growth of the compound layers is controlled by volume diffusion atT= 1023 K but by boundary and volume diffusion atT= 923-973 K. Hence, the interface reaction is not the bottleneck for the growth of the compound layers under the present experimental conditions.

Kinetic Features of Solid-State Reactive Diffusion between Au and Sn-Base Solder

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 2473-2478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kajihara ◽  
T. Takenaka
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Diffusion Couple ◽  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Reactive Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Couples ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Bonding Technique ◽  
Kinetic Features

The kinetics of the solid-state reactive diffusion between Au and Sn was experimentally observed using Sn/Au/Sn diffusion couples prepared by a diffusion bonding technique. The diffusion couples were isothermally annealed at a temperature of T = 453 K. Due to annealing, AuSn, AuSn2 and AuSn4 compound layers are formed at the interface in the diffusion couple. The experimental results were used to evaluate quantitatively the effect of Ni on the growth of the Au–Sn compounds. The evaluation indicates that the addition of Ni into Sn between 1 and 5 mass% accelerates the growth of the Au–Sn compounds at T = 433–473 K.

Non Parabolic Shift of Interfaces and Effect of Diffusion Asymmetry on Nanoscale Solid State Reactions

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dezső L. Beke ◽  
Z. Erdélyi ◽  
Z. Balogh ◽  
Csaba Cserháti ◽  
G.L. Katona
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Interface Reaction ◽  
Diffuse Interface ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Diffusion Couples ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Parabolic Law ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Interface Reaction Control

In a set of recent papers we have shown that the diffusion asymmetry in diffusion couples (the diffusion coefficient is orders of magnitude larger in one of the parent materials) leads to interesting phenomena: i) sharp interface remains sharp and shifts with non Fickian (anomalous) kinetics [1-5], ii) originally diffuse interface sharpens even in ideal (completely miscible) systems [6,7], iii) an initially existing thin AB phase in A/AB/B diffusion couple can be dissolved [8], iv) there exists a crossover thickness (typically between few nanometers and 1m) above which the interface shift turns back to the Fickian behaviour [9], v) the growth rate of a product of solid state reaction can be linear even if there is no any extra potential barrier present (which is the classical interpretation of the “interface reaction control” for linear kinetics) [10]. These latter results will be summarized and reformulated according to the usual expression for linear-parabolic law containing the interdiffusion coefficient, D, and interface transfer coefficient, K. Relation between the activation energies of D and K will be analyzed and compared with available experimental data.

TEM STUDIES OF THE MICROMECHANISMS OF SOLID STATE REACTIONS IN Ni-Zr BULK DIFFUSION COUPLES

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (C4) ◽  
pp. C4-121-C4-130
Author(s):  
U. KÖSTER ◽  
R. PRIES ◽  
G. BEWERNICK ◽  
B. SCHUHMACHER ◽  
M. BLANK-BEWERSDORFF
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Bulk Diffusion ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Diffusion Couples

Investigation of the diffusion behavior in Sn-xAg-yCu/Cu solid state diffusion couples

2016 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 794-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Dajian Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Guan ◽  
Hans J. Seifert ◽  
Nele Moelans
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Couples ◽  
Diffusion Behavior ◽  
State Diffusion

The Interface Reaction between Titanium and Iron-Nickel alloys

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 683-691
Author(s):  
Bartek Wierzba ◽  
Wojciech J. Nowak ◽  
Daria Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Interface Reaction ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Path ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Layer Sequence ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Fast Dissolution

AbstractThe reaction zones between pure titanium and iron-nickel and pure nickel at 1173 K have been characterized. Two alloys with different initial composition were analyzed. When Ni80Fe20 is used the layer sequence at the reaction interface is: Ni80Fe20 → Ni3Ti → NiTi → NiTi2 →Ti, while for Ni48Fe52 the sequence is: Ni48Fe52 → Ni3Ti → TiFe2 → TiFe → NiTi2 → Ti. The difference is in formation of NiTi, TiFe2 and TiFe phases. The reaction zone remains very thin independently of time due to the fast dissolution rate of Ti in the alloy. The two different elementary chemical interaction processes have been identified in this article, namely the growth of the reaction layers by solid state diffusion and chemical conversion of the compounds by reaction-diffusion in the solid state. The mathematical description combining these processes is presented for description of the diffusion path generated during diffusion process.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Solid-State Reactive Diffusion in the Cu/Zn System

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Takamatsu ◽  
Minho O ◽  
Masanori Kajihara
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Reactive Diffusion ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Direct assessment of substrate binding to the Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter LeuT by solid state NMR

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Erlendsson ◽  
Kamil Gotfryd ◽  
Flemming Hofmann Larsen ◽  
Jonas Sigurd Mortensen ◽  
Michel-Andreas Geiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Substrate Binding ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Number Of Binding Sites ◽  
Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter

The Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporters (NSSs) represent an important class of proteins mediating sodium-dependent uptake of neurotransmitters from the extracellular space. The substrate binding stoichiometry of the bacterial NSS protein, LeuT, and thus the principal transport mechanism, has been heavily debated. Here we used solid state NMR to specifically characterize the bound leucine ligand and probe the number of binding sites in LeuT. We were able to produce high-quality NMR spectra of substrate bound to microcrystalline LeuT samples and identify one set of sodium-dependent substrate-specific chemical shifts. Furthermore, our data show that the binding site mutants F253A and L400S, which probe the major S1 binding site and the proposed S2 binding site, respectively, retain sodium-dependent substrate binding in the S1 site similar to the wild-type protein. We conclude that under our experimental conditions there is only one detectable leucine molecule bound to LeuT.

Studies on fluorescence of cellulosics

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Castellan ◽  
Reinaldo Ruggiero ◽  
Elisabete Frollini ◽  
Ludmila A. Ramos ◽  
Christine Chirat
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Homogeneous Medium ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fluorescence Emission Spectra ◽  
Cotton Linters

Abstract Steady-state fluorescence emission spectra of various celluloses were measured at an excitation wavelength of 320 nm. Various spectra recorded in the solid state were compared: (1) ECF bleached papers made of hardwood, the anhydroglucose units of which were chemically modified at C1 and C6 or C2 and C3 positions with carboxylic groups; (2) microcrystalline cellulose; (3) cotton linters; and (4) delignified sisal fibers (mercerized or not). Fluorescence emission was quite independent of the carboxylic acid content and average molecular weight (determined by viscosimetry) of the cellulose polymers. Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel), cotton linters, and mercerized delignified sisal cellulose were acetylated in homogeneous medium (DMAc/LiCl as solvent system) to obtain soluble polymers in dichloromethane for comparison of spectra recorded in the solid and liquid states. Fluorescence of cellulose acetates in solution (CH2Cl2) and in the solid state was compared under similar experimental conditions to non-esterified celluloses in the solid state. The importance of the solid state for fluorescence emission could be demonstrated. Fluorophores are present in minute amounts in the polymer and their favorable energy transfer for excitation in the solid state likely enhances fluorescence emission. Among numerous fluorophores, dityrosine appeared to be a good candidate for fluorescence because it displayed emission in the fluorescence range of cellulose. Dityrosine is an amino acid involved in the lignification of non-woody plants. Mercerized sisal impregnated with tyrosine in the presence of peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide did not show enhanced emission, in contrast to para-hydroxycinnamic acid (coumaric acid), which is also involved in the lignification process at least for non-woody plants. The origin of cellulose fluorescence remains uncertain and appears to have several origins. This study clearly underlines the importance of the solid state for enhancing fluorophore emission.

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