scholarly journals CHAPTER 4 High Temperature Oxidation of Stainless Steels

2020 ◽  
Vol 300 ◽  
pp. 81-106
Author(s):  
Somrerk Chandra-ambhorn ◽  
Shigenari Hayashi ◽  
Laurence Latu-Romain ◽  
Patthranit Wongpromrat
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Refractory Element ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Reactive Elements ◽  
Breakaway Oxidation ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Steel Oxidation

This chapter is dedicated to the description of high temperature oxidation of both chromia and alumina forming alloys. The defect structures of iron and chromium are firstly reviewed. The effects of elements on stainless steel oxidation behaviour are further addressed. For the chromia-forming stainless steel, the oxidation rate is reduced with the increased silicon content but not in a monotonic manner. Titanium and niobium can reduce breakaway oxidation of Fe–18Cr–10Ni austenitic stainless steel. Titanium can enhance the adhesion of scale to the Fe–18Cr by mechanical keying effect of TiO2 formed at the steel/scale interface. For the alumina-forming stainless steel, the formation of alumina and its transformation during oxidation are reviewed. Chromium can be added to reduce the critical aluminium content in the steels in order to form alumina at high temperatures. The addition of reactive elements with appropriate level can improve scale adhesion and reduce the steel oxidation rate. Refractory element like molybdenum can increase strength of material but also accelerate the oxidation rate of the steels containing reactive elements. The development of new alumina-forming austenitic alloy grades is finally described.

Effect of Humidity on High Temperature Oxidation of AISI 430 Stainless Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Ji Xiao ◽  
Nathalie Prudhomme ◽  
Vincent Ji
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Spinel Layer ◽  
Breakaway Oxidation ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
430 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 430

In order to investigate the high temperature oxidation behavior of AISI 430 stainless steel in atmosphere with humidity, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been conducted for different duration under air with variable absolute humidity (from 0% to 5%) at 800 °C and 900 °C. XRD has been used to determine residual stresses in each layer and in substrate. It has been found that the oxidation kinetics and residual stresses were affected by the water vapor. After oxidation, the oxide scale composed of an inner Chromia (Cr2O3) layer and an outer Mn1.5Cr1.5O4 spinel layer, while breakaway oxidation happened with the introduction of water vapor at 900 °C. The residual stresses in each of oxide layer are in compression and their levels varied with oxidation conditions.

AK STEEL 441

Alloy Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract AK Steel 441 has good high-temperature strength, an equiaxed microstructure, and good high-temperature oxidation resistance. The alloy is a niobium-bearing ferritic stainless steel. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties as well as deformation. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: SS-965. Producer or source: AK Steel.

scholarly journals Additively Manufactured NiTi and NiTiHf Alloys: Estimating Service Life in High-Temperature Oxidation

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hediyeh Dabbaghi ◽  
Keyvan Safaei ◽  
Mohammadreza Nematollahi ◽  
Parisa Bayati ◽  
Mohammad Elahinia
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Niti Alloy ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rate Law ◽  
Parabolic Rate

In this study, the effect of the addition of Hf on the oxidation behavior of NiTi alloy, which was processed using additive manufacturing and casting, is studied. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were performed at the temperature of 500, 800, and 900 °C to assess the isothermal and dynamic oxidation behavior of the Ni50.4Ti29.6Hf20 at.% alloys for 75 h in dry air. After oxidation, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to analyze the oxide scale formed on the surface of the samples during the high-temperature oxidation. Two stages of oxidation were observed for the NiTiHf samples, an increasing oxidation rate during the early stage of oxidation followed by a lower oxidation rate after approximately 10 h. The isothermal oxidation curves were well matched with a logarithmic rate law in the initial stage and then by parabolic rate law for the next stage. The formation of multi-layered oxide was observed for NiTiHf, which consists of Ti oxide, Hf oxide, and NiTiO3. For the binary alloys, results show that by increasing the temperature, the oxidation rate increased significantly and fitted with parabolic rate law. Activation energy of 175.25 kJ/mol for additively manufactured (AM) NiTi and 60.634 kJ/mol for AM NiTiHf was obtained.

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