Rationale for Ballast Water Treatment Standards to Minimize Translocation of Unwanted Species

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Waite
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Water Management Plans

The transfer of unwanted species via ships' ballast water has become recognized as a major problem worldwide. Thousands of species of plants and animals are transported around the world daily, and colonization leading to infestations of many species has been well documented. Individual countries as well as international regulatory agencies are currently attempting to manage this transport of unwanted species. Currently, ships are required to have ballast water management plans in place, and the only accepted management option is open-ocean ballast water exchange. Due to the limitations of this option, ship-board treatment techniques need to be developed, but, treatment goals and standards currently do not exist. This paper proposes a rational for establishing ballast water treatment standards, so that ship-board technologies can be developed. Specifically, this paper demonstrates that by carefully evaluating past invasions, a group of organisms can be identified which pose a documentable risk of invasion. This group can then be classified by several common parameters, e.g., size, which allows for establishment of treatment options. It is then shown that the most rational standards are those mandating complete removal of high risk organisms, rather that a percentage removal of all organisms.

A Test of the Efficacy of a Ballast Water Treatment System Aboard the Vessel Coral Princess

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
David A. Wright ◽  
Rodger Dawson ◽  
Celia E. Orano-Dawson ◽  
Sharon M. Moesel
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Point Selection ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Fort Lauderdale ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Selection For

Tests of the efficacy of a combination filtration/ultraviolet (UV) ballast water treatment (BWT) system were conducted aboard the MV Coral Princess during normal operations from Victoria, British Columbia, through the Panama Canal, to Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Trials were designed to assist the maritime industry in the deployment of effective BWT systems and to inform regulatory agencies on the feasibility of testing procedures and end-point selection for compliance standards. Results showed treatment efficacy at least equivalent to ballast water exchange, although adjustment of current published standards was indicated.

An Overview of Ballast Water Treatment Methods

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. McCluskey ◽  
A. E. Holdo̸ ◽  
R. K. Calay
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Marine Vessels

One of the greatest threats to the world’s oceans is the transfer and potential introduction of harmful organisms in environments to which they are not indigenous. Ballast water deposited by marine vessels has been identified as a key factor responsible for this transfer and introduction. The significance of transferral of species has led to diverse research and development into ballast water treatment methods. However, despite the number of ballast water management techniques in development, at present the exchange of ballast water in open oceans is the only management technique widely used. This paper provides an overview of Ballast Water Treatment techniques currently at a research or development stage. An assessment of the potential effectiveness of each method, its corrosion implications and economic cost are all presented together with preliminary recommendations and an outline of future work.

Considerations in the Design of the Primary Treatment for Ballast Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Michael G. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Bulk Carrier ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Separation ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Investigations are currently underway to establish effective primary and secondary ballast water treatment methods to minimize the potential for the introduction of additional nonindigenous aquatic species into the Great Lakes and other U.S. coastal waters. This treatment could be used in place of mid-ocean ballast exchange currently required by the U.S. Coast Guard for all vessels entering the Great Lakes in ballast from beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Primary and secondary treatment could provide environmental protection for both Ballast On Board (BOB) vessels, which are required to perform mid-ocean ballast exchange before entering the Great Lakes, and No Ballast On Board (NOBOB) vessels, which are currently exempt from any ballast exchange requirements. Primary treatment using some form of mechanical separation to 100 urn or 50 um followed by secondary treatment using 254 nm UV irradiation or some form of chemical treatment are currently leading candidates. Over the past six years, the Great Lakes Ballast Technology Demonstration Project (GLBTDP) has undertaken the full-scale evaluation of 340 m3/h (1500 U.S. gpm) ballast water mechanical separation using an automatic backwashing screen filter, hydrocyclone, and automatic backwashing disk filter. This experience provides the basis for the investigation of various ballast system design issues that must be considered in the selection and design of the primary ballast water treatment. This investigation is based upon the ballast system of a typical Seaway size bulk carrier using port and starboard 2000 m3/h (8800 U.S. gpm) main ballast pumps. A discrete multicriterion optimization tradeoff study using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is also presented to illustrate a rational method for determining the best choice for primary ballast water treatment for such a Seaway size bulk carrier.

Equipment and Technology Research of Ballast Water Treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 414-417
Author(s):  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Marine Environmental Protection ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Marine Environmental

Biological invasions caused by Ballast water is always one of the diffcult problems of marine environmental protection, and the technology of ballast water treatment is an effective way to solve biological invasion. This article introduce many equipments of ballast water treatment, introduce physical ballast water treatment, chemical treatment and comprehensive treatment, then describes the advantages and disadvantages of these metheods.

scholarly journals ATP assay for rapid onboard testing to detect living microorganisms in Ballast Water

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungshic Yum ◽  
Bong Gil Hyun ◽  
Kitae Rhie ◽  
Kyoungsoon Shin
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
Atp Assay ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Ballast Water Management

Rapid and simple analytical methods for viable microorganism detection in ballast water are required to evaluate the efficiency of ballast water treatment system. During the course of systematic investigation of the cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays, it was found that the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and luminescence based cell viability assay, in other word, an ATP assay was the most sensitive and applicable to ballast water management (BWM). The assay was applied to cultured microalgae samples, and it could detect the existence of 5 viable cells in 100 μl. Comparably low luminescent values were detected in two cultured diatom species than in cultured dinoflagellates. This result might be caused by the small cell volume in diatom species. Following a regression model between ATP concentration and cell volume, an ATP guideline (876 – 109246 relative luminescence units: RLU) was developed for the evaluation of treated ballast water. ATP assay was also applied to the evaluation of ballast water treatment system (BWTS). The luminescence value which obtained from the ATP assay also showed a good correlation with the presence of living natural plankton cells with comparably low luminescence values than the cultured species. The low ATP concentration in natural plankton cells may reflect a decline in their biological activity because of extended exposure to dark conditions. ATP assay could be a suitable method for the monitoring of ballast water management compliance even though the results of this study need further validation.

scholarly journals Lessons Learned in Ballast Water Treatment Equipment Retrofit and Commissioning

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Fearnley
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Equipment ◽  
Control And Management

Ratification of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWMC)[i] has now forced the hand of operators and ship owners to comply with the BWM, and without a great deal of time to react. The need to integrate and operate Ballast Water Treatment (BWT) Systems on In-Service ships, however, is not new, and BMT have recent and relevant experience in end-to-end BWT system solutions. In 2011 BMT Defence Services Ltd (BMT) produced the installation specification to enable A and P Falmouth Ltd (A and P) to carry out a ballast water treatment plant retrofit installation on the RFA Bay Class ships (i.e. RFA MOUNTS BAY, LARGS BAY and CARDIGAN BAY), enabling the ship to be approved and operated in compliance with the BWMC. In addition, BMT produced documentation to enable A and P to arrange, manage and perform the necessary test, trials and commissioning to prove the equipment installation and that it can be operated in accordance with the requirements of the BWMC. The objective of this paper is to take the reader through the process of design and embodiment of a BWT system retrofit on a relatively complex (with respect to the ballast system) ship. The Bay Class ships are Landing Ship Dock (Auxiliary) ships with separate forward and aft ballast systems (to allow the ships to function in their amphibious roles by way of their stern dock), and a ship wide Ballast Stripping system. Key design and engineering considerations are discussed below and recommendations for the installation of a ballast water treatment system are also offered. International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, International Maritime Organization, Adoption: 13 February 2004; Entry into force: 8 September 2017.

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