A National Coastal Ocean Surface Current Mapping System for the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Paduan ◽  
P. Michael Kosro ◽  
Scott M. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hf Radar ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Ocean Surface Currents ◽  
Ocean Surface Current

A description is given for a nation-wide surface current mapping system for the U.S. continental shelf regions based on the emerging capabilities of high frequency (HF) radar backscatter instruments. These HF radar systems have the advantages of being real-time, non-invasive, shore-based instruments capable of mapping ocean surface currents out to ranges of ∼200 km from shore. A framework for a national backbone system is described based on long-range HF radar systems and example results are provided from existing arrays off the northwest and northeast U.S. coastlines.

Measurements of upper ocean surface current shear with high-frequency radar

1996 ◽  
Vol 101 (C12) ◽  
pp. 28615-28625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Fernandez ◽  
John F. Vesecky ◽  
Calvin C. Teague
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
High Frequency Radar ◽  
Ocean Surface Current

scholarly journals Growing Network of Radar Systems Monitors Ocean Surface Currents

Eos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Roarty ◽  
Lisa Hazard ◽  
Enrique Fanjul
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
High Frequency Radar ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Radar Network ◽  
Ocean Surface Currents ◽  
Growing Network

Fourth Meeting of the Global High Frequency Radar Network; Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 22–23 September 2015

Measuring Antenna Patterns for Ocean Surface Current HF Radars with Ships of Opportunity

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1564-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Emery ◽  
Libe Washburn ◽  
Chad Whelan ◽  
Don Barrick ◽  
Jack Harlan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Current ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Direction Finding ◽  
Antenna Pattern ◽  
Hf Radar ◽  
Ocean Current ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Ocean Surface Current

Abstract HF radars measure ocean surface currents near coastlines with a spatial and temporal resolution that remains unmatched by other approaches. Most HF radars employ direction-finding techniques, which obtain the most accurate ocean surface current data when using measured, rather than idealized, antenna patterns. Simplifying and automating the antenna pattern measurement (APM) process would improve the utility of HF radar data, since idealized patterns are widely used. A method is presented for obtaining antenna pattern measurements for direction-finding HF radars from ships of opportunity. Positions obtained from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) are used to identify signals backscattered from ships in ocean current radar data. These signals and ship position data are then combined to determine the HF radar APM. Data screening methods are developed and shown to produce APMs with low error when compared with APMs obtained with shipboard transponder-based approaches. The analysis indicates that APMs can be reproduced when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the backscattered signal is greater than 11 dB. Large angular sectors of the APM can be obtained on time scales of days, with as few as 50 ships.

Ocean Surface Current Extraction Scheme With High-Frequency Distributed Hybrid Sky-Surface Wave Radar System

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 4678-4690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Li ◽  
Lan Zhang ◽  
Xiongbin Wu ◽  
Xianchang Yue ◽  
William J. Emery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Wave Radar ◽  
Extraction Scheme ◽  
Ocean Surface Current

scholarly journals Measurement of Antenna Patterns for Oceanographic Radars Using Aerial Drones

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libe Washburn ◽  
Eduardo Romero ◽  
Cyril Johnson ◽  
Brian Emery ◽  
Chris Gotschalk
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Radio Signal ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Hf Radar ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Circular Arcs ◽  
Ocean Surface Currents ◽  
Comparable Accuracy ◽  
Signal Sources

AbstractA new method is described employing small drone aircraft for antenna pattern measurements (APMs) of high-frequency (HF) oceanographic radars used for observing ocean surface currents. Previous studies have shown that accurate surface current measurements using HF radar require APMs. The APMs provide directional calibration of the receive antennas for direction-finding radars. In the absence of APMs, so-called ideal antenna patterns are assumed and these can differ substantially from measured patterns. Typically, APMs are obtained using small research vessels carrying radio signal sources or transponders in circular arcs around individual radar sites. This procedure is expensive because it requires seagoing technicians, a vessel, and other equipment necessary to support small-boat operations. Furthermore, adverse sea conditions and obstacles in the water can limit the ability of small vessels to conduct APMs. In contrast, it is shown that drone aircraft can successfully conduct APMs at much lower cost and in a broader range of sea states with comparable accuracy. Drone-based patterns can extend farther shoreward, since they are not affected by the surfzone, and thereby expand the range of bearings over which APMs are determined. This simplified process for obtaining APMs can lead to more frequent calibrations and improved surface current measurements.

scholarly journals Ocean Surface Current Observation with a Dual Monopole-Cross-Loop Antenna Array

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeping Lai ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Yuming Zeng ◽  
Biyang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Current Measurement ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
Current Observation ◽  
Ocean Surface Currents ◽  
Ocean Surface Current

The high-frequency radars (HFRs) receiving the sea echoes backscattered from the fluctuating ocean surface to remotely sense ocean surface currents are a popular and powerful tool in oceanic observation. Dominant error source in current measurement for HFR systems has been recognized to be the direction of arrival (DOA) determination of the sea echoes. To eliminate this error and therefore improve the performance of direction-finding HFR system in current measurement, we have investigated a dual monopole-cross-loop (MCL) antenna array in current observation. Simulations indicated that the dual MCL antenna array has a better performance than the conventional single MCL antenna system in current mapping, especially for the complex current profile. And comparisons of radar field data and buoy measurements suggested that the RMSE value was larger than 15 cm/s for the conventional MCL antenna. But it decreased to 12.64 cm/s for the dual MCL antenna array. Moreover, the temporal coverage rate also showed the benefit of using this antenna system in current mapping. The results demonstrated that it is advisable to adopt the dual MCL antenna array in operational applications.

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