scholarly journals Identification of Severity Factors and Risk Areas of Southern Expressway Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
S. D. D. R. Kumara ◽  
C. K. Walgampaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Areas

TBE in Romania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Chitimia-Dobler ◽  
Adriana Hristea ◽  
Wilhelm Erber ◽  
Tamara Vuković Janković
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Risk Areas

Based on an epidemiological survey performed, human TBE- virus neuroinfections may have an endemic emergent course, and natural foci are in full territorial expansion. Identified risk areas are Tulcea district, Transylvania, at the base of the Carpathian Mountains and the Transylvanian Alps.

TBE in Romania

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Regular Screening ◽  
Passive Surveillance System ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Risk Areas

Based on an epidemiological survey,1 human TBEV neuroinfections may have an endemic emergent course, and natural foci are in full territorial expansion. Identified risk areas are Tulcea district, Transylvania, at the base of the Carpathian Mountains and the Transylvanian Alps.2,3 TBE has been a notifiable disease since 1996. Surveillance of TBE is not done at the country level, only regionally in some counties (northern/central/western part, close to Hungary). The passive surveillance system was implemented in 2008. However, there is no regular screening and the relative risk of contracting this disease is unknown. In 1999, an outbreak of TBE in humans was recorded with a total of at least 38 human cases.4

THE INTEGRAL INDEX OF PROBLEMS IN THE EVALUATION OF THE HEALTH STATE

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
A.E. Vlasenko ◽  
N.M. Zhilina ◽  
A.A. Kozhevnikov ◽  
G.I. Chechenin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Health State ◽  
Integral Index ◽  
Municipal District ◽  
Risk Areas

The article presents the algorithm for calculating the integral index of problems in the evaluation of indicators of population health and identifying risk areas. The integral indices for Novokuznetsk municipal district were calculated. The index can be used by specialists of various levels and regions in assessing the level of health, environmental and socio-economic indicators for appropriate decision-making.

scholarly journals An Alternative Risk Assessment Model of Urban Waterlogging: A Case Study of Ningbo City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Meiling Zhou ◽  
Xiuli Feng ◽  
Kaikai Liu ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Lijian Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The City

Influenced by climate change, extreme weather events occur frequently, and bring huge impacts to urban areas, including urban waterlogging. Conducting risk assessments of urban waterlogging is a critical step to diagnose problems, improve infrastructure and achieve sustainable development facing extreme weathers. This study takes Ningbo, a typical coastal city in the Yangtze River Delta, as an example to conduct a risk assessment of urban waterlogging with high-resolution remote sensing images and high-precision digital elevation models to further analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of waterlogging risk. Results indicate that waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is mainly low risk, accounting for 36.9%. The higher-risk and medium-risk areas have the same proportions, accounting for 18.7%. They are followed by the lower-risk and high-risk areas, accounting for 15.5% and 9.6%, respectively. In terms of space, waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is high in the south and low in the north. The high-risk area is mainly located to the west of Jiangdong district and the middle of Haishu district. The low-risk area is mainly distributed in the north of Jiangbei district. These results are consistent with the historical situation of waterlogging in Ningbo, which prove the effectiveness of the risk assessment model and provide an important reference for the government to prevent and mitigate waterlogging. The optimized risk assessment model is also of importance for waterlogging risk assessments in coastal cities. Based on this model, the waterlogging risk of coastal cities can be quickly assessed, combining with local characteristics, which will help improve the city’s capability of responding to waterlogging disasters and reduce socio-economic loss.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Mechanism and Its Risk Factors in England’s Cattle Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3451
Author(s):  
Tabassom Sedighi ◽  
Liz Varga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dynamic Bayesian Network ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Actual Experience ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Cattle Farms

Controlling bovine tuberculosis (bTB) disease in cattle farms in England is seen as a challenge for farmers, animal health, environment and policy-makers. The difficulty in diagnosis and controlling bTB comes from a variety of factors: the lack of an accurate diagnostic test which is higher in specificity than the currently available skin test; isolation periods for purchased cattle; and the density of active badgers, especially in high-risk areas. In this paper, to enable the complex evaluation of bTB disease, a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is designed with the help of domain experts and available historical data. A significant advantage of this approach is that it represents bTB as a dynamic process that evolves periodically, capturing the actual experience of testing and infection over time. Moreover, the model demonstrates the influence of particular risk factors upon the risk of bTB breakdown in cattle farms.

scholarly journals Modeling spatial determinates of teenage pregnancy in Ethiopia; geographically weighted regression

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seblewongel Tigabu ◽  
Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew ◽  
Bisrat Misganaw Geremew
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Geographically Weighted Regression ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Areas

Abstract Background In developing countries, 20,000 under 18 children give birth every day. In Ethiopia, teenage pregnancy is high with Afar and Somalia regions having the largest share. Even though teenage pregnancy has bad maternal and child health consequences, to date there is limited evidence on its spatial distribution and driving factors. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess the spatial distribution and spatial determinates of teenage pregnancy in Ethiopia. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted using 2016 EDHS data. A total weighted sample of 3381 teenagers was included. The spatial clustering of teenage pregnancy was priorly explored by using hotspot analysis and spatial scanning statistics to indicate geographical risk areas of teenage pregnancy. Besides spatial modeling was conducted by applying Ordinary least squares regression and geographically weighted regression to determine factors explaining the geographic variation of teenage pregnancy. Result Based on the findings of exploratory analysis the high-risk areas of teenage pregnancy were observed in the Somali, Afar, Oromia, and Hareri regions. Women with primary education, being in the household with a poorer wealth quintile using none of the contraceptive methods and using traditional contraceptive methods were significant spatial determinates of the spatial variation of teenage pregnancy in Ethiopia. Conclusion geographic areas where a high proportion of women didn’t use any type of contraceptive methods, use traditional contraceptive methods, and from households with poor wealth quintile had increased risk of teenage pregnancy. Whereas, those areas with a higher proportion of women with secondary education had a decreased risk of teenage pregnancy. The detailed maps of hotspots of teenage pregnancy and its predictors had supreme importance to policymakers for the design and implementation of adolescent targeted programs.

Risk areas for Human Visceral Leishmaniosis 2007–2018: A temporal and spatial analysis in Ceará, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellyn Kessiene de Sousa Cavalcante ◽  
Jarier de Oliveira Moreno ◽  
Reagan Nzundu Boigny ◽  
Francisco Roger Aguiar Cavalcante ◽  
Caroline Mary Gurgel Dias Florêncio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniosis

scholarly journals Space–Time Clustering Characteristics of Malaria in Bhutan at the End Stages of Elimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5553
Author(s):  
Kinley Wangdi ◽  
Kinley Penjor ◽  
Tobgyal ◽  
Saranath Lawpoolsri ◽  
Ric N. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Scan Statistic ◽  
Disease Control Program ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Program Data ◽  
Time Scan

Malaria in Bhutan has fallen significantly over the last decade. As Bhutan attempts to eliminate malaria in 2022, this study aimed to characterize the space–time clustering of malaria from 2010 to 2019. Malaria data were obtained from the Bhutan Vector-Borne Disease Control Program data repository. Spatial and space–time cluster analyses of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cases were conducted at the sub-district level from 2010 to 2019 using Kulldorff’s space–time scan statistic. A total of 768 confirmed malaria cases, including 454 (59%) P. vivax cases, were reported in Bhutan during the study period. Significant temporal clusters of cases caused by both species were identified between April and September. The most likely spatial clusters were detected in the central part of Bhutan throughout the study period. The most likely space–time cluster was in Sarpang District and neighboring districts between January 2010 to June 2012 for cases of infection with both species. The most likely cluster for P. falciparum infection had a radius of 50.4 km and included 26 sub-districts with a relative risk (RR) of 32.7. The most likely cluster for P. vivax infection had a radius of 33.6 km with 11 sub-districts and RR of 27.7. Three secondary space–time clusters were detected in other parts of Bhutan. Spatial and space–time cluster analysis identified high-risk areas and periods for both P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria. Both malaria types showed significant spatial and spatiotemporal variations. Operational research to understand the drivers of residual transmission in hotspot sub-districts will help to overcome the final challenges of malaria elimination in Bhutan.

scholarly journals An app based on cooperative learning for the detection of danger points and the prevention of risk areas in a city

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Alexis Pérez Vizcarra ◽  
Guadalupe Paulina Anccasi Figueroa ◽  
Jaison Willian Torres Chana ◽  
Francisco José García-Peñalvo
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Risk Areas

scholarly journals Ivabradine Induces Cardiac Protection against Myocardial Infarction by Preventing Cyclophilin-A Secretion in Pigs under Coronary Ischemia/Reperfusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2902
Author(s):  
Ignacio Hernandez ◽  
Laura Tesoro ◽  
Rafael Ramirez-Carracedo ◽  
Javier Diez-Mata ◽  
Sandra Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Cyclophilin A ◽  
Cardiac Ischemia ◽  
Cardiac Protection ◽  
Cardiac Inflammation ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Lysosome Degradation ◽  
Cardiac Necrosis

In response to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion, proteolysis mediated by extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and its secreted ligand cyclophilin-A (CyPA) significantly contributes to cardiac injury and necrosis. Here, we aimed to investigate if, in addition to the effect on the funny current (I(f)), Ivabradine may also play a role against cardiac necrosis by reducing EMMPRIN/CyPA-mediated cardiac inflammation. In a porcine model of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (IR), we found that administration of 0.3 mg/kg Ivabradine significantly improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac necrosis by day 7 after IR, detecting a significant increase in cardiac CyPA in the necrotic compared to the risk areas, which was inversely correlated with the levels of circulating CyPA detected in plasma samples from the same subjects. In testing whether Ivabradine may regulate the levels of CyPA, no changes in tissue CyPA were found in healthy pigs treated with 0.3 mg/kg Ivabradine, but interestingly, when analyzing the complex EMMPRIN/CyPA, rather high glycosylated EMMPRIN, which is required for EMMPRIN-mediated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation and increased CyPA bonding to low-glycosylated forms of EMMPRIN were detected by day 7 after IR in pigs treated with Ivabradine. To study the mechanism by which Ivabradine may prevent secretion of CyPA, we first found that Ivabradine was time-dependent in inhibiting co-localization of CyPA with the granule exocytosis marker vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 (VAMP1). However, Ivabradine had no effect on mRNA expression nor in the proteasome and lysosome degradation of CyPA. In conclusion, our results point toward CyPA, its ligand EMMPRIN, and the complex CyPA/EMMPRIN as important targets of Ivabradine in cardiac protection against IR.

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