Evaluation of Fertilizer Rates and Weed Infestation on Yield and Economic Return of Cassava-Maize Intercrop in Savanna Ecology of Nigeria

Field study tested weed control efficacy, crop yield and economic return using various weed management strategies in sunflower growing with different population density. Treatments included four rates of PRE emergence application of S-metolachlor + fluchloridon and one POST emergence application of flumioxazin + quizalofop-pethyl. PRE-em application (1.4 + 2.4 and 1.2 + 2.0) provided at the higher crop densities (70 000) best weed control. However, PRE- em treatments with lower doses (0.8 + 1.6 and 1.0 + 1.8) and POST- em application did not maintain acceptable control of dominant weeds. Grain yield increased with the crop density, but did not statistically differ between applied herbicide treatments. Finally, the implication of this study demonstrated that sole application of tested herbicide treatments at higher crop sowing density (60 000 and 70 000) was found to be economically the best alternative strategy for reducing weed infestation and achieving a better yield.

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The Effect of Tillage Methods on the Productivity of Tilled Crops and Soil Fertility

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.a1836.109119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 6590-6599

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Plant Density ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Primary Tillage ◽

Tillage System ◽

Continuous Surface ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

The Republic ◽

Tillage Method ◽

Fertilizer Rates

The article presents the results of a long-term research in establishing the share of the effect of various methods and systems of primary soil cultivation on the productivity of maize and sunflower, as well as soil fertility on the territory of the Raduga farm in the Giaginsk district of the Republic of Adygea. The studies were performed according to the following tillage systems: soil plowing to the depth of 25 – 27 cm (continuously (reference)); chisel soil plowing to the depth of 38 – 40 cm (continuously); surface soil tillage to the depth of 10 – 12 cm (continuously); and combined tillage system. The study has established the fact of troubled forming of the optimal maize and sunflower plant density due to the decreased germination with the loose structure of the seed layer. Improper choice of the primary tillage method, deficiency of the required density of seedlings in some years reached 20 % or more. However, after combined tillage, it reduced 1.5 – 2.0 times. During the study, by the methods of primary tillage, the lowest weed infestation of maize and sunflower was noted on the background of plowing to the depth of 25 – 27 cm, and was before harvesting lower by 30 – 80 % than in other tillage variants. The same regularity was observed in counting the number of pests on tilled crops. In the case of continuous surface tillage, an increase in the number of harmful larvae was noted in the variant of plowing to the depth of 25 – 27 cm — within 31 – 96 %. The highest average sunflower yield was achieved in the variant with combined (based on selection) system of soil tillage, where the growth was determined by increased fertilizer rates and ranged from 20 % (in the case of plowing) to 31 % (in the case of combined tillage). The decrease in the yield of grain maize after replacing plowing of compact chernozem with heavy disc harrowing did not exceed 8 %, and in the case of long-delayed sowin, it was at the level of 19 – 28 %.

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Nutrient Uptake by Weeds in a Long-term Maize Field Experiment

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.55.2006.1.19 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 175-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Éva Lehoczky ◽

Z. Tóth ◽

A. Kismányoky ◽

T. Kismányoky

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Development Stage ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Continuous Cropping ◽

Weed Species ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Fertilizer Rates

The effect of four NPK fertilizer rates (NPK[1:1:1]: 0, 300, 600, 900 kg active ingredients·ha -1 ) was studied on the growth of maize and on weed infestation - bio-mass production and nutrient uptake of weeds - in four replications in a 35-year old long-term maize continuous cropping field experiment (Keszthely, Hungary). The weed flora was recorded on 1 June, 2003 in the 6-8-leaf development stage of maize. The effect of the increasing rates of fertilizers was analyzed and evaluated from the results of biomass production as well as the nutrient uptake of weeds and maize, respectively. On the experimental plots 9 weed species were registered at the date of sampling, from which 4 species were perennial and 5 species were annual ones. All the weeds were collected from 1 m² areas of each plot and the different weed species were separated from each other. The fresh and dry weights of the canopy of maize and the different weed species were measured. The nutrient (NPK) contents of maize and weed samples were measured in the laboratory. Total and species scale nutrient concentration, as well as per-unit nutrient uptake of maize and weeds were compared. The increasing rates of mineral fertilizers had a significant effect on the biomass production and on the nutrient uptake of weeds. Significant differences were also found between the biomass production and nutrient uptake of the different weed species.

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Cost Benefit and Economic Return on Productivity of Reuse and Recycle in Ernakulam

PRODUCTIVITY ◽

10.32381/prod.2019.60.03.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 264-273

Author(s):

T. DHANALAKSHMI ◽

Keyword(s):

Cost Benefit ◽

Economic Return

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A comparative appraisal of urea super granule application in raised bed and prilled urea application in conventional planting for transplanted boro rice (Oryza sativa)

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v6i1.5388 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 822-832

Author(s):

Halim Mahmud Bhuyan ◽

Most. Razina Ferdousi ◽

Mohammad Toufiq Iqbal ◽

Ahmed Khairul Hasan

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Deep Placement ◽

Prilled Urea ◽

Planting Methods ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Raised Bed ◽

Boro Rice

Utilization of urea super granule (USG) with raised bed cultivation system for transplanted boro (winter, irrigated) rice production is a major concern now days. A field experiment was conducted in the chuadanga district of Bangladesh to compare the two cultivation methods: deep placement of USG on raised bed with boro rice, and prilled urea (PU) broadcasting in conventional planting. Results showed that USG in raised bed planting increased grain yields of transplanted boro rice by up to 18.18% over PU in conventional planting. Deep placement of USG in raised bed planting increased the number of panicle m-2, number of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grains weight of boro rice than the PU in conventional planting. Better plant growth was observed by deep placement of USG in raised bed planting compared to PU in conventional planting. Sterility percentage and weed infestation were lower on USG in raised bed planting compared to the PU in conventional planting methods. Forty seven percent irrigation water and application time could be saved by USG in raised bed planting than PU in conventional planting. Deep placement of USG in bed saved N fertilizer consumption over conventional planting. Water use efficiency for grain and biomass production was higher with deep placement of USG in bed planting than the PU broadcasting in conventional planting methods. Similarly, agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer by USG in bed planting was significantly higher than the PU broadcasting in conventional planting. This study concluded that deep placement of USG in raised bed planting for transplanted boro rice is a new approach to achieve fertilizer and water use efficiency as well as higher yield and less water input compared to existing agronomic practices in Bangladesh.

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WEEDS IN POTATO CULTURE AND THEIR OUTCOME IN SPREADING OF Alternaria spp.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2018.6.16 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 159-166

Author(s):

Halina Kurzawińska ◽

Stanisław Mazur ◽

Małgorzata Nadziakiewicz ◽

Jacek Nawrocki

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Potato Cultivar ◽

Cirsium Arvense ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Potato Culture ◽

Rapd Pcr ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Potato Crops

The aim of this study was to determine whether the weeds accompanying potato crops can be a source of Alternaria spp. causing Alternaria leaf blight and to determine the genetic similarities of Alternaria alternata isolates infecting selected weeds: Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense and tested potato cultivar. Three-year field experiment was conducted on the potato cultivar ‘Vineta N’. The isolates were classified into different species on the basis of macro- and microscopic features. In each year of the study, A. alternata dominated among the isolated fungi colonizing the leaves of potato plants and the selected weeds. The genetic similarities of A. alternata isolates was determined by the RAPD-PCR method. Tested genetic forms of A. alternata were closely related; only small differences in the pattern of the separated amplification products was evidenced. The dominance of A. alternata on the weeds accompanying potato crops suggests that if weed infestation is extensive, the pathogen is very likely to spread and its population to increase.

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