scholarly journals Nutrient Uptake by Weeds in a Long-term Maize Field Experiment

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
Z. Tóth ◽  
A. Kismányoky ◽  
T. Kismányoky
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The effect of four NPK fertilizer rates (NPK[1:1:1]: 0, 300, 600, 900 kg active ingredients·ha -1 ) was studied on the growth of maize and on weed infestation - bio-mass production and nutrient uptake of weeds - in four replications in a 35-year old long-term maize continuous cropping field experiment (Keszthely, Hungary). The weed flora was recorded on 1 June, 2003 in the 6-8-leaf development stage of maize. The effect of the increasing rates of fertilizers was analyzed and evaluated from the results of biomass production as well as the nutrient uptake of weeds and maize, respectively. On the experimental plots 9 weed species were registered at the date of sampling, from which 4 species were perennial and 5 species were annual ones. All the weeds were collected from 1 m² areas of each plot and the different weed species were separated from each other. The fresh and dry weights of the canopy of maize and the different weed species were measured. The nutrient (NPK) contents of maize and weed samples were measured in the laboratory. Total and species scale nutrient concentration, as well as per-unit nutrient uptake of maize and weeds were compared. The increasing rates of mineral fertilizers had a significant effect on the biomass production and on the nutrient uptake of weeds. Significant differences were also found between the biomass production and nutrient uptake of the different weed species.

Biomass production of weeds on the winter wheat stubble in long-term fertilization field experiment

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
András Kismányoky ◽  
Tamás Kismányoky
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Wheat Stubble

scholarly journals Sinapis alba L. weed infestation depending on the seeding rate and N fertilizer dose in the steppe Crimea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye.N. Rostova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Weed Infestation

Dense white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) can suppress weeds, however excessive density negatively influences crop yields. The search for the optimal parameters for applying mineral fertilizers and the consumption of seed material will increase the crop yield and will improve its competitive ability. This work aimed to identify the seeding rate and doses of nitrogen fertilization at which white mustard plants can actively suppress weeds without reducing the productivity of the crop. In the course of this research, we established that S. alba sown at a rate of 2, 2.5 and 3 million seeds per ha suppressed the growth and development of weeds as much as possible. On average, in 2017-2019, the dry weight of weeds in the aforementioned variants was the least and reached 57.9; 42.3 and 38.4 g/m2, respectively. Weed species composition and quantitative parameters of weed infestation depended on the weather conditions of the year. The application of nitrogen fertilizer did not affect significantly the weediness of S. alba crops. The optimal density white mustard plant formed at a seeding rate of 2 million units/ha and, on average, for three years of research, the seed yield in this variant was the highest (0.6 t/ha).

scholarly journals P and K Accumulation by Rapeseed as Affected by Biostimulant under Different NPK and S Fertilization Doses

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szczepanek ◽  
Anetta Siwik-Ziomek
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Development Application ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Biostimulants are gaining growing importance among preparations used for plant production. They may cause increasing the effectiveness of nutrient uptake. The aim of the study was to assess P and K accumulation by winter rapeseed after the application of a biostimulant under conditions of varied NPK and S fertilization levels. The field experiment was established on Alfisol, and the factors were: Two levels of NPK fertilization (high 180 N, 70 P, 132 K (kg ha−1) or low 144 N, 35 P, 66 K (kg ha−1)); elementary S fertilization (36 or 0 kg ha−1) and application of seaweed biostimulant or without that treatment. Biostimulant caused an increase in P and K accumulation in the shoots of rapeseed during generative development. Application of biostimulant in rapeseed fertilized with lower NPK rates or not fertilized with S increased P and K accumulation in shoots to the level obtained at higher NPK and S rates without that treatment. Increased level of NPK fertilization caused an increase in P and K accumulation in both shoots and roots at flowering and ripening stages. At the fruit development stage, under higher NPK fertilization there was higher uptake of P and K in rapeseed shoots after presowing fertilization with S.

Irrigation of maize (Zea mays L.) in relation to fertilization in a long-term field experiment

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Megyes ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
T. Rátonyi ◽  
L. Huzsvai
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Term Field

The objectives of this study were to examine the correlation between factors of great significance for crop production, especially between irrigation and fertilization, and to evaluate the effects of irrigation and fertilization on maize yields over four growing seasons (2001-2004) in a long-term field experiment set up at the Látókép Experimental Station of the Centre for Agricultural Sciences of Debrecen University. The results showed that irrigation and fertilization were strongly correlated with the yield. The effect of irrigation depended on the natural water and nutrient supplies of the soil, and on the specific fertilizer rates. The results indicated that both fertilization and irrigation had a significant effect on the yield. The correlation between the year and the crop production factors was also significant. The yield-increasing effect of irrigation and fertilization differed significantly in the experimental years.

Response of silage corn and wheat to dairy manure and fertilizers in long-term fertilized and manured trials

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien N’Dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Silage corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown (1987–1991) in trials that had been manured and fertilized since 1978 to evaluate the effects of annual N, P, K and Mg fertilizers and dairy cattle manure on yields and nutrient uptake. Manure as the main factor was applied at 0 and 20 Mg ha−1 on a wet-weight basis. The subplots consisted of six fertilizer treatments: NK, PK, NP, NPK, NPKMg and the unfertilized control. For silage corn, fertilizer rates were 150, 100, 150 and 40 kg ha−1 N, P2O5, K2O and Mg, respectively. Fertilizer rates for wheat were 80, 100, 120 and 40 kg ha−1 N, P2O5, K2O and Mg, respectively. In manured plots, reduced N rates were applied for silage corn (100 kg N ha−1) and wheat (50 kg N ha−1). Silage corn and wheat yields and nutrient uptake were significantly increased by manure, N and K fertilizers whereas P and Mg effects were limited. A N-K synergistic effect on yields and nutrient uptake was observed both for silage corn and wheat. Application of K fertilizer significantly reduced silage corn Mg uptake without limiting yields, while it increased wheat yields and Mg uptake. Reduced N rates applied to silage corn and wheat achieved maximum yields and nutrient uptake in long-term manured treatments. Crop response to fertilizer application varied with crop species and was higher for silage corn than for wheat. Fertilizer adjustment is necessary after a long-term fertilizer or manure application. Key words: Silage corn, wheat, yields, nutrient uptake, manure, fertilizers, long-term, response to fertilizers

scholarly journals Mechanical and chemical weeding effects on the weed structure in durum wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wozniak
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Full Maturity

A three-year field experiment was performed to study weed infestation of durum wheat at the stage of emergence and full maturity. Two weeding systems (WS) were used in the post-harvest period: i) mechanical weeding (MW); and ii) chemical weeding (CW). In the MW system, soil underwent shallow ploughing at a depth of 10-12 cm and double harrowing (after ploughing and 3 weeks later), whereas glyphosate only was used in the CW system. In the springtime, in both MW and CW systems, a tillage set consisting in a cultivator, a string roller and harrowing was used. Overall, the number of weeds m2, the number of weed species and the value of weed diversity indices were always higher in MW than in the CW systems in each study year at both the emergence and full maturity stage of durum wheat. The study demonstrated that at the stage of durum wheat emergence, more weeds per m2 occurred in the MW than in the CW system in each study year. Moreover, the MW systems was characterized by a higher number of weed species as well as by a higher value of weed diversity index compared to the CW system.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term reduced tillage on weed infestation of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Andrzej Woźniak ◽  
Myroslawa Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Pod Development Stage

The study evaluated weed infestation of pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em> L.) cultivated under conditions of conventional (CT), reduced (RT) and herbicide tillage (HT). It demonstrated the highest weed density per m<sup>2 </sup>in plots with the herbicide (HT) and reduced (RT) systems and significantly lower weed infestation in plots cultivated in the conventional system (CT). In addition, more weeds occurred at the third leaf stage (13/14 in BBCH scale) than at the pod development stage (73/74 BBCH) of pea. The highest biomass was produced by weeds in the herbicide system (HT), a lower one – in the reduced system (RT), and the lowest one – in the conventional system (CT). The air-dry weight of weeds depended also on pea development stage. At the pod development stage (73/74 BBCH), the air-dry weight of weeds was significantly higher than at the third leaf stage (13/14 BBCH). The tillage system was also observed to influence the species composition of weeds. This trait was also affected by the period of weed infestation assessment. At the third leaf stage of pea (13/14 BBCH), there occurred 26 weed species, including 24 annual ones. The most abundant species included: <em>Chenopodium album</em> L., <em>Stellaria media</em> (L.) Vill., <em>Capsella bursa-pastoris</em> (L.) Med., <em>Matricaria inodora</em> L., <em>Thlaspi arvense</em> L., and <em>Fallopia convolvulus</em> (L.) A. Löve. At the pod development stage (73/74 BBCH), the pea crop was colonized by 24 weed species, including 3 perennial ones. At this stage the predominant species included: <em>Avena fatua</em> L., <em>Amaranthus retroflexus</em> L., <em>Papaver rhoeas</em> L., <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em> (L.) P.B., <em>Matricaria inodora</em> L., and <em>Galeopsis tetrahit</em> L.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Management Under Long-Term Experiments

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
C. Ailincăi ◽  
G. Jităreanu ◽  
Despina Ailincăi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The investigations conducted at the Podu-Iloaiei Agricultural Research Station, Iaşi County, Romania, have studied the influence of different mineral fertilizers rates on wheat and maize yield and soil agrochemical characteristics. In bean-wheatmaize- sunflower-wheat crop rotation, the mean yield increases, obtained for each kg of a.i. of applied fertilizer, were comprised between 8.3 and 10.1 kg in wheat (N120P80- N160P80) and between 10.8 and 11.0 kg in maize (N150P80-N200P100). Generally, nitrogen use efficiency is low and, to achieve maximum yields, need for high doses of nitrogen which can increase the risk of environmental pollution. The N agronomic efficiencies and physiological efficiencies in wheat and maize declined with the increase of nitrogen rate. Wheat placed in rotation for five years, after sunflower at recommended dose (N160P80), physiological efficiency of nitrogen utilization was 43.4 kg grain per kilogram of nitrogen exported from soil, from fertilizer applied. Mean annual amounts of nutrients exported from soil by wheat in dry (14 yr.) and favourable (11 yr.) years in five year crop rotation have varied according to rates, between 34.5 and 100.7 kg at nitrogen and between 6.5 and 18.4 kg at phosphorus. The long-term use of bean - wheat - maize - sunflower - wheat rotation determined the diminution by 43.4% (2,772 t/ha) in the mean annual losses of eroded soil and by 38.5% (5.61 kg/ha) in nitrogen leakages by erosion, compared with maize continuous cropping.

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