WEEDS IN POTATO CULTURE AND THEIR OUTCOME IN SPREADING OF Alternaria spp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Halina Kurzawińska ◽  
Stanisław Mazur ◽  
Małgorzata Nadziakiewicz ◽  
Jacek Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Culture ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Potato Crops

The aim of this study was to determine whether the weeds accompanying potato crops can be a source of Alternaria spp. causing Alternaria leaf blight and to determine the genetic similarities of Alternaria alternata isolates infecting selected weeds: Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense and tested potato cultivar. Three-year field experiment was conducted on the potato cultivar ‘Vineta N’. The isolates were classified into different species on the basis of macro- and microscopic features. In each year of the study, A. alternata dominated among the isolated fungi colonizing the leaves of potato plants and the selected weeds. The genetic similarities of A. alternata isolates was determined by the RAPD-PCR method. Tested genetic forms of A. alternata were closely related; only small differences in the pattern of the separated amplification products was evidenced. The dominance of A. alternata on the weeds accompanying potato crops suggests that if weed infestation is extensive, the pathogen is very likely to spread and its population to increase.

scholarly journals Split fertilization as a strategy to reduce the amount of fertilizer applied in potato crops form Colombia. Case of study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
Oscar Iván Monsalve ◽  
Eduardo María Espitia ◽  
Martha Marina Bolaños-Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Potato Plant ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Positive Effect

In potato crops in Colombia, fertilization has low efficiency in terms of absorption of nutrients by the plant due to fixing, leaching or volatilization processes. To counter this phenomenon, we evaluated the effect of the split application of fertilizers on potato plants and soil. Five treatments were evaluated: Control - fertilization used by farmers locally; As - fertilization recommended by the lab; AsSplit - monthly split of lab recommendation; AsSplit25 - monthly split of lab recommendation, reduced globally by 25%; AsSplit50 - monthly split of the lab recommendation, reduced globally by 50%. AsSplit treatment generated the highest yield (34.13 t ha-1), while treatments that reduced the amount of fertilizer by 25% and 50% obtained the lowest yield (30.94 and 29.57 t ha-1, respectively). However, they generated the lowest amount of NO3- in the leachate measurements at 30 and 90 cm deep. Our results suggest that designing the fertilization formula and applying it according to the requirements of the potato plant and soil fertility generates a positive effect on yield crop and environmental.

scholarly journals Herbicide Evaluation for Sweet Potatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lii-Chyuan Liu ◽  
Edwin Acevedo-Borrero ◽  
F. H. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Minimum Rate ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Rate Controlled

Two herbicide experiments were carried out in 1980 to evaluate Alachor and Metribuzin alone or combined for weed control in sweet potato cultivar Miguela at the Isabela and Fortuna Substations, Metribuzin at 1.12 kg ai/ha rate controlled effectively both broadleaf weeds and grasses. A minimum rate of 6.73 kg ai/ha of Alachor was needed for acceptable weed control. Metribuzin at the 1.12 kg al/ha rate in combination with Alachor at the 3.36 kg ai/ha rate provided the best weed control. There was no visible herbicide injury to sweet potato plants at the Isabela Substation. Moderate crop injury as a consequence of Metribuzin application at 2.24 kg ai/ha was apparent at the Fortuna Substation. The highest tuber yield was obtained with Metribuzin at 1.12 kg ai/ha in combination with Alachor at 3.36 kg ai/ha at both Substations. Metribuzin at 1.12 kg ai/ha rate alone or in combination with any other herbicide also produced good tuber yield. Sweet potatoes with standard herbicide treatments, Diphenamid and Chloramben, yielded poorly because of weed competition.

scholarly journals Potato productivity depending on the use of plant growth regulator Agate-25K

2018 ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
V. Semenchuk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Crops

Shows the results of research on the use of a biological product of Agat- 25K in potato crops. It has been established that spraying with the preparation of potato plants during the period of vegetation positively influenced their productivity. The increase in yield from the application of the preparation was 4.2 t/ha, which is 12%, the number of tubers from the 1st bush was 4.1 pieces. more than control, where spraying was not carried out.

scholarly journals RESISTANCE OF POTATO GENOTYPES TO Meloidogyne javanica

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAQUELINE TAVARES SCHAFER ◽  
CESAR BAUER GOMES ◽  
ARIONE DA SILVA PEREIRA ◽  
FERNANDA FERREIRA CRUZ ◽  
DANIELLE RIBEIRO DE BARROS
Keyword(s):  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of a group of clones and cultivars from the potato breeding program of Embrapa to Meloidogyne javanica. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Temperate Climate, Pelotas / RS, under greenhouse conditions at temperatures of 25 ± 5°C. Individual potato plants of different genotypes [BRSIPR Bel, BRS F63 (Camila), CL02-05, F23-11-06, F32-02-06, F38-03-07, F189-09-06, F23-24-06 and F22-01-08], kept in pots with sterilized soil were inoculated with 5,000 eggs and J2 of M. javanica, using six replicates per treatment. The susceptible control, potato cultivar BRS Ana was inoculated with the same level of inoculum. Fifty-five days after inoculation, the number of galls on the roots of each plant was determined as well as the number of protuberances caused by nematodes in the different treatments. Then, the roots of each plant were processed for counting the number of eggs and J2, as well as determining the nematode reproduction factor (FR: final population / initial population). All genotypes were susceptible (FR> 1.00) to M. javanica. However, there were different levels of susceptibility among the cultivars tested.

scholarly journals Potential of Pantoea dispersa as an effective biocontrol agent for black rot in sweet potato

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingmin Jiang ◽  
Jae Chul Jeong ◽  
Jung-Sook Lee ◽  
Jeong Mee Park ◽  
Jung-Wook Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Tuberous Roots

Abstract Biocontrol offers a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of a variety of pre- and post-harvest diseases of crops. Black rot, which is caused by the pathogenic fungus Ceratocytis fimbriata, is the most destructive post-harvest disease of sweet potato, but little is currently known about potential biocontrol agents for this fungus. Here, we isolated several microorganisms from the tuberous roots and shoots of field-grown sweet potato plants, and analyzed their ribosomal RNA gene sequences. The microorganisms belonging to the genus Pantoea made up a major portion of the microbes residing within the sweet potato plants, and fluorescence microscopy showed these microbes colonized the intercellular spaces of the vascular tissue in the sweet potato stems. Four P. dispersa strains strongly inhibited C. fimbriata mycelium growth and spore germination, and altered the morphology of the fungal hyphae. The detection of dead C. fimbriata cells using Evans blue staining suggested that these P. dispersa strains have fungicidal rather than fungistatic activity. Furthermore, P. dispersa strains significantly inhibited C. fimbriata growth on the leaves and tuberous roots of a susceptible sweet potato cultivar (“Yulmi”). These findings suggest that P. dispersa strains could inhibit black rot in sweet potato plants, highlighting their potential as biocontrol agents.

RAPD-PCR method for detecting DNA polymorphism in Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (0) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
MINGYANG LAN ◽  
WEIHUA SHENG ◽  
CAOQIUN HUANG ◽  
XIANDI GU ◽  
YING JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Pcr Method

scholarly journals Effect of simplified tillage and mineral fertilization on weed infestation of potato growing on loess soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
Karol Bujak ◽  
Mariusz Frant
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Potato Field ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Equisetum Arvense ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Fertilization Level

In the paper effect of limitation of postharvest measure to single cultivating or disking of soil and mineral fertilization level on number, air-dry matter and botanical composition of weeds in the potato-field is presented. Simplifield postharvest measure was increasing insignificantly and more intensive fertilization was limiting the weed infestation of potato-field. Decteasing of weeds number increasing fertilization was ststistically significant. Dominating species of weeds in the potato-field were <i>Capsella bursa</i>-<i>pastoris</i>, <i>Poa annua</i>, <i>Viola arvensis</i>, <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Elymus repens</i> i <i>Equisetum arvense</i>.

scholarly journals STUDY OF WEED INFESTATION IN WHEAT FIELDS AT SOUTH PUNJAB REGION PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Zahida Parveen ◽  
Shamim Umar ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal ◽  
Bilal Haider ◽  
Amna Zafar Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Plants ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Ecological Parameters

Weeds are one of the major threats to the natural environment. They are destroying native habitats, threatening native plants and animals, and choking our natural systems including rivers and forests. Aiming to explore the existing situation of weed infestation and assessing its impact, present research work was conducted in south Punjab region, focusing on District Layyah and Muzaffargarh. Weed flora of wheat crop at 3 sites i.e. Nawan Kot, Fethpur, and Karor Lal-e-son in district Layyah; and three sites (Kot Addu, Chowk Sarwar Shaheed, and Sultan Nagar) in district Muzaffargarh was observed using quadrat method. Ten quadrats measuring 1.0 m2 were randomly selected to record the data. From each quadrat soil samples (from top 3 cm) were also taken. Different ecological parameters (i. e. Frequency (%) density (%), (%), relative density (%), relative frequency (%) and important value (%) were worked out using proper formulae. Weed species related to 9 families were classified into different frequency classes. Two most important families of these sites were found Poaceae and Papilionaceae each one represented by four species. Chenopodium album, Cynodon dactylon and Anagallis arvensis were observed the most frequent species at these sites.

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