scholarly journals The Effect of Tillage Methods on the Productivity of Tilled Crops and Soil Fertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6590-6599
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Continuous Surface ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The article presents the results of a long-term research in establishing the share of the effect of various methods and systems of primary soil cultivation on the productivity of maize and sunflower, as well as soil fertility on the territory of the Raduga farm in the Giaginsk district of the Republic of Adygea. The studies were performed according to the following tillage systems: soil plowing to the depth of 25 – 27 cm (continuously (reference)); chisel soil plowing to the depth of 38 – 40 cm (continuously); surface soil tillage to the depth of 10 – 12 cm (continuously); and combined tillage system. The study has established the fact of troubled forming of the optimal maize and sunflower plant density due to the decreased germination with the loose structure of the seed layer. Improper choice of the primary tillage method, deficiency of the required density of seedlings in some years reached 20 % or more. However, after combined tillage, it reduced 1.5 – 2.0 times. During the study, by the methods of primary tillage, the lowest weed infestation of maize and sunflower was noted on the background of plowing to the depth of 25 – 27 cm, and was before harvesting lower by 30 – 80 % than in other tillage variants. The same regularity was observed in counting the number of pests on tilled crops. In the case of continuous surface tillage, an increase in the number of harmful larvae was noted in the variant of plowing to the depth of 25 – 27 cm — within 31 – 96 %. The highest average sunflower yield was achieved in the variant with combined (based on selection) system of soil tillage, where the growth was determined by increased fertilizer rates and ranged from 20 % (in the case of plowing) to 31 % (in the case of combined tillage). The decrease in the yield of grain maize after replacing plowing of compact chernozem with heavy disc harrowing did not exceed 8 %, and in the case of long-delayed sowin, it was at the level of 19 – 28 %.

scholarly journals The Effects of Management (Tillage, Fertilization, Plant Density) on Soybean Yield and Quality in a Three-Year Experiment under Transylvanian Plain Climate Conditions

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Felicia Chețan ◽  
Cornel Chețan ◽  
Ileana Bogdan ◽  
Adrian Ioan Pop ◽  
Paula Ioana Moraru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System

The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops, but microclimate changes related to global warming have imposed the need for agrotechnical adaptive measures in order to maintain the level of soybean yield. In this study, we consider the effect of two soil tillage systems, the seeding rate, as well as the fertilizer dosage and time of application on the yield and quality of soybean crops. A multifactorial experiment was carried out through the A × B × C × D − R: 3 × 2 × 3 × 3 − 2 formula, where A represents the year (a1, 2017; a2, 2018; and a3, 2019); B represents the soil tillage system (b1, conventional tillage with mouldboard plough; b2, reduced tillage with chisel cultivator); C represents the fertilizer variants (c1, unfertilized; c2, one single rate of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus; and c3, two rates of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus (at sowing) + 46 kg ha−1 of nitrogen at V3 stage); D represents the seeding rate (1 = 45 germinating grains (gg) m−2; d2 = 55 gg m−2; and d3 = 65 gg m−2); and R represents the replicates (r1 = the first and r2 = the second). Tillage had no effect, the climate specific of the years and fertilization affected the yield and the quality parameters. Regarding the soybean yield, it reacted favorably to a higher seeding rate (55–65 gg m−2) and two rates of fertilization. The qualitative characteristics of soybeans are affected by the fertilization rates applied to the crop, which influence the protein and fiber content in the soybean grains. Higher values of protein content were recorded with a reduced tillage system, i.e., 38.90 g kg−1 DM in the variant with one single rate of fertilization at a seeding rate of 45 gg per m−2 and 38.72 g kg−1 DM in the variant with two fertilizations at a seeding rate of 65 gg m−2.

scholarly journals Influence of basic soil tillage methods on fresh yield and quality of winter rape cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
Anvar Sh. Gadzhikurbanov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Republic

The development of rational system of basic soil tillage results in formation of sufficiently high crop yields. A two-factor field experiment was carried out to address these issues when cultivating winter rape cultivars on light chestnut soils of the Primorsko-Caspian sub-province of the Republic of Dagestan. VEM (standard), Elvis and Meteor winter rape cultivars were studied in the experiment. The following methods of soil tillage were studied: real tillage (control), subsoil tillage. The research revealed that there was no significant difference in agrophysical indicators between the soil cultivation variants. Data on weed infestation of winter rape fields showed that the number of weeds and their weight increased significantly after subsoil tillage. At the budding stage, the number of weeds increased 2.1-fold compared to the control (real tillage), and the weight of weeds increased 1.88-fold. During flowering stage, these indicators were 2.2 times higher. The maximum yield in all variants of the experiment was formed by Elvis cultivar - 44.9 and 41.4 t/ha, respectively, which is more than VEM (standard) and Meteor cultivars by 20.4 t/ha (7.9 %) and 20.0 t/ha (8.7 %), respectively. The yield of Meteor cultivar in these variants was also high and amounted to 41.6 and 38.1 t/ha, respectively, which was higher by 11.5 and 10.4 % compared with the standard. The greatest increase in the fresh yield was provided by real tillage. On average, the yield increased by 8.7 % for varieties in comparison with subsoil cultivation. Elvis cultivar formed the best quality indicators, followed by Meteor cultivar.

scholarly journals What influences the composition of fungi in wheat grains?

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruta Bankina ◽  
Gunita Bimšteine ◽  
Ingrīda Neusa-Luca ◽  
Ance Roga ◽  
Dāvids Fridmanis
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Tillage Method

Wheat grains are inhabited by different fungi, including plant pathogens and fungi – mycotoxin producers. The composition of seed mycobiota can be influenced by different factors, including agronomic practices, but the results are still contradictory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mycobiota of wheat grains depending on agroecological conditions. Wheat grains were obtained from a two-factorial field trial: A – tillage system (A1 – ploughing at a depth of 22–24 cm; A2 – harrowing at a depth of up to 10 cm); B – crop rotation (B1 – continuous wheat; B2 – oilseed rape and wheat; B3 – crop rotation). The mycobiota of grain were determined by mycological and molecular methods. The most abundant and widespread of the mycobiota were <em>Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</em>, <em>Alternaria</em> spp., <em>Arthrinium</em> spp., and <em>Fusarium avenaceum</em>. Higher amounts of precipitation increased the infection of grains with <em>Fusarium</em> fungi. Seven species of <em>Fusarium</em> were identified in the grain samples: <em>F. avenaceum</em>, <em>F. poae</em>, <em>F. graminearum</em>, <em>F. culmorum</em>, <em>F. acuminatum</em>, <em>F. sporotrichioides</em>, and <em>F. tricinctum</em>. The soil tillage method and crop rotation did not influence the total incidence of <em>Fusarium</em> spp., but the abundance of a particular species differed depending on agronomic practice. The research suggests that continuous wheat sowing under conditions of reduced soil tillage can increase the level of risk of grain infection with <em>F. graminearum</em> and, consequently, the accumulation of mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Influence of primary tillage on agrochemical indicators of soil fertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00013
Author(s):  
Dmitry Dubovik ◽  
Elena Dubovik ◽  
Alexander Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Direct Sowing

The influence of primary tillage practices (plowing, subsurface tillage, surface tillage, direct sowing (No-till)) on the indicators of soil fertility of typical chernozem in Kursk Region on peas was studied. It was found that with the minimization of tillage humus content in the soil increased, especially in the upper 0-10 cm layer. Acidification of arable soil layer was noted when plowing was used. The content of mobile phosphorus, as well as the degree of its mobility, significantly increased with boardless tillage methods in comparison with moldboard plowing. The maximum amount of exchangeable potassium and the degree of its mobility were in case of direct sowing. The highest level of mineral nitrogen in the layer of 0-20 cm was formed in case of plowing, and its minimum level was formed in case of direct sowing. When tillage was minimized, the topsoil was differentiated by the content of mobile forms of copper, zinc and manganese. In a layer of 0-10 cm, combined tillage, surface tillage and direct sowing increased the content of mobile trace elements compared to a layer of 10-20 cm. When plowing was used as a primary tillage method, the content of mobile copper, zinc and manganese was higher in the layer of 10-20 cm.

scholarly journals Segetal Diversity in Selected Legume Crops Depending on Soil Tillage

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Jolanta Bojarszczuk ◽  
Janusz Podleśny
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

The aim of the paper was to determine weed infestation expressed by weeds number and weed weight and other index under a three different tillage system: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and ploughing tillage (CT) in two legume species crops: pea and narrowed-leaved lupine. The research proved that growing legume under no-tillage conditions caused the increasing weed infestation. Weather conditions in each of the study years were shown to influence the weed infestation. The dry weight of weeds was higher in narrow-leaved lupine by 7% in flowering stage assessment and by 6% before harvest than in pea crop. The weeds number in the conventional tillage system in the flowering stage in pea and lupine crops was 24 and 26 plants·m−2, respectively, under the reduced tillage conditions it was 33 and 29% higher, while under no-tillage it was 58 and 67% higher. In all tillage systems the dominant species were Chenopodium album L., Viola arvensis L., Anthemis arvensis L., and Cirsium arvense L. The results prove that soil tillage system affect weed infestation of legume crops.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of soft spring wheat crops depending on the soil tillage system

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
A. L. Pakul ◽  
N. A. Lapshinov ◽  
V. N. Pakul ◽  
G. V. Bozhanova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
System Control ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of the study on the influence of various tillage systems on the weed infestation of soft spring wheat of the Siberian Alliance variety. The study was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment (20152019) preceded by bare and green-manured fallow (rapeseed, melilot) in Kemerovo region. The soil of the experimental plot is classified as leached, medium-textured, medium-humus, heavy-loam chernozem. The following soil tillage systems were studied: deep moldboard, deep combined, minimum combined and minimum moldboard. Weather conditions during the research period were varied. Insufficient water supply during the first vegetation period of soft spring wheat (seedlings – leaf-tube formation) was noted in 2015-2017, with HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) being from 0.37 to 0.56. Excessive water content was observed in 2018 (HTC = 2.41) and moderate hydration – in 2019 (HTC = 1.12). Weed infestation was different in the conditions of each year. The impact of the soil tillage system on the number of weeds during the growing season of common spring wheat accounted for 21.6-90.4%, and their share in the total aboveground mass of the phytocenosis was 39.9-68.3%. The segetal flora in soft spring wheat crops is represented by monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species with all the studied tillage systems. The highest density of weed vegetation during the tillering phase of soft spring wheat was recorded with deep moldboard soil tillage system (control). A reduction in weed infestation by 2.3 times compared to the control was noted with minimum moldboard soil tillage system preceded by bare fallow, 1.6 times – preceded by green-manured fallow with rapeseed, and 1.7 times – preceded by green-manured fallow with melilot. The same trend was observed in the proportion of weeds in the total aboveground mass of the phytocenosis during the wax ripeness phase of soft spring wheat with deep moldboard tillage system (4.3%), deep combined (3.9), minimum combined (4.1), minimum moldboard (2.6%).

scholarly journals The influence of soil tillage systems and weed control methods on weed infestation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
Krystyna Zarzecka ◽  
Alicja Baranowska ◽  
Marek Gugała
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

A field experiment was conducted in the years 2002- 2004 at the Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station (52<sup>o</sup>06' N; 22<sup>o</sup>06' E), belonging to the University of Podlasie in Siedlce, Poland. The investigated factors were two soil tillage systems (traditional and reduced) and seven methods of weed control in potato canopies with herbicide application. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of tillage systems and weed control methods on the weed species composition and weed density. Tillage systems, weed control methods and atmospheric conditions prevailing in the study years significantly varied weed infestation of potato canopies at the beginning of vegetation and before tuber harvest. The lowest number of weeds, compared to the control treatment, was recorded in the treatments in which chemical and mechanical weed control had been applied. The treatments with the traditional tillage system also showed lower weed infestation than those in which simplifications had been applied.

scholarly journals Characteristics of soil tillage for rice after alfalfa

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
D S Magomedova ◽  
N R Magomedov ◽  
S A Kurbanov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The Republic

Abstract The purpose of the research was to study the effect of harvesting time and methods of using alfalfa biomass on soil fertility and rice yield at different times of the main tillage. Field experiments were conducted in the Kizlyar district of the Republic of Dagestan according to the scheme: 1. autumn plowing after harvesting the 3rd mowing of alfalfa 3 years of use, control; 2. the overlapping of chopped green mass of alfalfa-3rd cut alfalfa 3 years of use; 3. spring plowing after harvesting the 1st cut alfalfa 4 years of use; 4. the overlapping of chopped green mass of alfalfa 1st cut alfalfa 4 years of use. The results shown that the best time for cutting the layer of perennial alfalfa is spring plowing of the green mass of alfalfa 1 mowing, which allows you to get a yield of 6 t/ha without reducing the quality indicators of rice grain. The data on the rice yield shows that in the spring tillage the yield was 5.41 t/ha, and in the autumn tillage only 4.91 t/ha. Carrying out sideration at both terms of the main tillage contributed to an increase in yield by 0.81-1.11 t/ha.

scholarly journals SOIL PROTECTION STUDY THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF COMPLEX METHODS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE SOYBEAN AGROSYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Felicia Cheţan ◽  
Loredana Suciu ◽  
Cornel Chețan ◽  
Adina Tărău ◽  
Ioana Crişan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
High Doses

"The degradation of natural soil fertility is caused by practicing the classic tillage system (ploughing with the furrow return) and using high doses of chemical fertilizers. It is necessary to adopt soil tillage techniques that aim to preserve and improve soil fertility without decrease production. In Romania, soybean crop, could be an economic boost for the agriculture sector because it reduces the costs required for the procurement of vegetable protein needed for the livestock and food sector, soybeans being a plant that fixes nitrogen from various sources (precipitation, activity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria, humus mineralization and residual nitrogen). From the research conducted between 2018-2020 at ARDS Turda, regarding the soybean root nodules cultivated in four tillage systems (CS - plough, MC - chisel, MD - disk and NT- direct sowing) with the technology specific to each system, the results indicate that in a conservative system the soybeans yield correlates positively with the number and weight of nodules formed. Organo-mineral fertilization (green fertilizer - autumn rape + gulle manure + N40P40) contributes significantly positively to the number and the weight of nodules and increases the yield. As an alternative to the CS, soybean can be cultivated in a minimum tillage system (MC), the yield difference compared to the classical system (plough) being insignificant, just 38 kg. The pedo-climatic conditions of the experimental area it is favourable for this crop and for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, without requiring high doses of mineral fertilizers."

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