Present status of small-scale exploitation of mangroves in Rekawa Lagoon, Sri Lanka

Paddy cultivation is major part in rural agriculture sector in Sri Lanka. Majority of rural sector paddy farmers are small-scale producers. According to available data paddy production sector provides livelihood opportunities for large numbers of rural population, provide rice requirement of the nation, provide inputs to other industrial sector etc.To enhance small-scale farmers living condition as well as paddy production, Sri Lankan government promotes paddy farmers to use more fertilizer for their paddy cultivation activities. Therefore, Sri Lankan government provides subsidized fertilizer to enhance both paddy production and paddy yield per acre. Last few decades paddy production and paddy yield per acre data show continues increasing trend. At the same time government expenditure on fertilizer also becomes heavy burden to national budget. There are arguments for and against to fertilizer subsidy program and its practice. This study attempts to study the effect of fertilizer subsidy on paddy production and living condition of small-scale farmers in Polonnaruwa district in Sri Lanka. The data are used to estimate an econometric model to find the relationship between paddy productivity, fertilizer subsidy, agricultural infrastructure facilities and farmers education level. The data were collected from Bubula and Raja-elagama villages in Higurakgoda divisional secretariat in Polonnaruwa district. Structured questioner was used to collect the data from 150 farmers. The results show that there is significant relationship between paddy production and dependent variables named fertilizer subsidy, agricultural infrastructure facilities and farmers education level. Especially fertilizer subsidy and paddy productivity is significant at 5 per cent level and R2 was 0.68. This result shows that government main objective of fertilizer subsidy that improves paddy productivity has been fulfilled. At the same time, household income from paddy has also increased and it has affected their livelihoods. But poor agricultural infrastructural facilities have mitigated farmers’ income. Research results and some empirical evidence have concluded that it is important to find alternative methods to select suitable and needy farmers who are eligible to get fertilizer subsidy because conducting methods of distributing have made many kinds of effects on the efficiency of resource utilization, equity of income distribution as well as government budget. Agricultural infrastructure facilities are very important for making fertilizer subsidy programs more meaningful and to have a significant effect on enhancing paddy farmers’ living conditions.

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Skin Friction Resistance of Ships

Journal of Ship Research ◽

10.5957/jsr.1957.1.3.3 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 1 (03) ◽

pp. 3-12

Author(s):

F. H. Todd

Keyword(s):

Skin Friction ◽

Present Status ◽

Comparative Studies ◽

Scale Model ◽

Small Scale ◽

Model Data ◽

Towing Tank ◽

Friction Resistance ◽

Small Scale Model

The International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) is to hold its 8th meeting in Madrid in September of this year. One of the subjects to be discussed will be the perennial one of how to estimate the resistance of a ship from that measured on a small-scale model in a towing tank. The Skin Friction Committee of the Conference was charged at the last meeting in Scandinavia in 1954, with reviewing the available data and making recommendations to the Conference in Madrid which will, it is hoped, be universally acceptable. Such a decision would remove one of the principal difficulties experienced in the use of model data in comparative studies. It is believed that a review of the present status of our knowledge in this field may be of interest to the members of the Society at this time.

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Furthering the Implementation of the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines: Strengthening Fisheries Cooperatives in Sri Lanka

MARE Publication Series - The Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-55074-9_18 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 379-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Oscar Amarasinghe ◽

Maarten Bavinck

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Small Scale ◽

Small Scale Fisheries

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Scientific Basis of Agroforestry Homegardens in Matara District, Sri Lanka: Present Status and Improvement Needs

Open Journal of Forestry ◽

10.4236/ojf.2022.121004 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (01) ◽

pp. 60-87

Author(s):

Mangala De Zoysa

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Present Status ◽

Scientific Basis

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An Investigation of the Tender Nut Potential of Diverse Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Varieties/Forms in Sri Lanka

CORD ◽

10.37833/cord.v31i1.69 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

S.A.C.N. Perera ◽

G.K. Ekanayake ◽

H.M.N.B. Herath

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Large Scale ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Export Market ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Small Scale ◽

Management Guidance ◽

Nut Production ◽

Cocos Nucifera L

There is a rising demand in the world for coconut water as a healthy natural beverage. Different coconut varieties are used in different countries to be processed as a natural drink. The coconut form “King coconut” has long been used in Sri Lanka as the ideal coconut variety for this purpose. However, with the expansion in the local and export beverage coconut market, the supply does not meet with the demand at present. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify potential coconut varieties/forms mainly relating to the yield of beverage. The study was conducted in the main coconut triangle and Southern Sri Lanka. Eleven coconut forms, namely, King coconut and Bothal thembili in the variety Aurantiaca, Red, Yellow, Green and Brown dwarf and Murusi in the variety Nana, Bodiri, Dothalu, and Sri Lanka tall. These are included in the variety Typica along with Nipol, which is a natural hybrid being identified to be suitable as beverage coconuts. Out of them the yielding ability was high in King coconut, Red dwarf and Yellow dwarf while Bodiri, Nipol and Dothalu fared well. Many coconut forms suitable for beverage purpose were observed to be having seasonality in nut production. Ensuring adequate soil fertility and prevention of water deficit over prolonged periods were observed to help sustain yield and reduce seasonality in bunch emission. There were no large scale plantations for beverage coconuts in Sri Lanka, and the entire collection was from home gardens and very small scale holdings. It is recommended to establish medium scale holdings with coconut forms having high yield potential as identified in the current study, with proper management guidance to ensure a steady supply of beverage coconuts to the local as well as export market.

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The Most Frequent Agronomic Practices Used by the Coconut Farmers in the “Coconut Triangle” of Sri Lanka

CORD ◽

10.37833/cord.v34i2.18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Lalith Perera

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Information Sources ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Training Programs ◽

Low Cost ◽

Small Scale ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Frequent Event ◽

The Impact

The study was carried out to identify the most frequently practiced cultural practices by coconut growers in the main coconut growing area termed as “Coconut Triangle”, among a set of technical practices recommended by the Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka (CRISL). The objective was also to analyse the impact of these practices to the yield and to analyse the effects of the information sources to the growers to enhance the farmers skills. The study was carried out between June 2018 and August 2018. For the data collection, a questionnaire developed by CRISL was used and 62 growers were randomly selected. All the answers were gathered in a table file. Then, the data were analysed using tabular analysis and the software SPSS. The study reveals that most of the growers are having intercrops between the coconut trees, in large or very small scale even if the yield is lowand needs more space. For the soil moisture conservation around the coconut palm, the majority of the growers use the simple and low-cost technique; mulching around the coconut palms. However, 30.1% of the growers were found to not use any technique to improve the soil moisture even when the drought is a frequent event in the country, but this more valid for small scale growers. To improve their yield, majority of the growers preferred and used CRISL recommended coconut fertilizer mixture (Adult Palm Mixture or APM) over the other commercially available fertilizer mixtures. Finally, the study shows that farmers with large estates are the most involved to follow training programs and apply the advices given by the CRISL.

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