THE LARCH CASEBEARER (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE) AND ITS PARASITES: I. MAINTAINING YEAR-ROUND AVAILABILITY OF LARCH FOLIAGE AND THE CASEBEARER FOR PARASITE REARING

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Coleophora Laricella

AbstractFoliage on potted trees or cut branches of western larch, Larix occidentalis Nutt., served as food for rearing Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) during winter and spring. Potted trees were induced to flush by laboratory simulation of fall, winter, and spring to provide foliage the year around. The treatment was 2 months at a short-day photoperiod (SD = 12-h light: 12-h dark), followed by 2 months of darkness at 2 °C, then growth in a greenhouse at long day (LD = 18-h light: 6-h dark). C. laricella could be collected from the field for further rearing during much of the year. Year-round availability of all stages, however, was realized by rearings starting from laboratory-mated moths and eggs laid on potted trees. To promote continued development to the adult stage, a SD-LD-SD sequence of 6 weeks – 2 weeks – 3 weeks duration, then LD was imposed.

Diameter Growth Losses in Western Larch Caused by Larch Casebearer Defoliation

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene I. Alfaro ◽  
Liang Qiwei ◽  
John Vallentgoed
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Coleophora Laricella

Abstract The diameter growth of western larch, Larix occidentalis, was studied in two stands defoliated by the larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella. Before defoliation, the growth pattern of larch was highly synchronized (correlation coefficient ≥0.82) with that of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, a nonhost for the casebearer on the same site, indicating that both species were under the influence of the same environmental factors. During the defoliation years, the growth of larch was only loosely related to the growth of Douglas-fir. A model which predicted growth of larch based on growth of Douglas-fir indicated that defoliation caused a loss of approximately 29% in the breast height diameter growth of larch. West. J. Appl. For. 6(4):105-108.

PHOTOPERIOD EFFECTS ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE LARCH CASEBEARER, COLEOPHORA LARICELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 1305-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Development ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Coleophora Laricella

AbstractLong-day (LD = 18 light: 6 dark) and short-day (SD = 12L:12D) photoperiodic treatments of various sequences and durations were applied to Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) larvae at 20 °C. Continuous development did not occur at either constant LD or SD. At LD, growth of young larvae was slow and was suspended in the late second or early third instar. At SD, young larvae developed rapidly but entered diapause in the late third instar. Pupation occurred when LD followed a period at SD. Timing and synchrony of pupation in a population were shown to be controllable by specific LD and SD sequences.

Control of torpor and body weight patterns by a seasonal timer in Siberian hamsters

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. R142-R149 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Bartness ◽  
J. A. Elliott ◽  
B. D. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Preparatory Phase ◽  
Pelage Color ◽  
Seasonal Responses

Two experiments were designed to assess whether the short-day-induced patterns of shallow daily torpor, body weight, and other seasonal responses (food intake and pelage pigmentation) exhibited by Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus) are under the control of a "seasonal timekeeping mechanism" that is independent of reproductive status [testosterone, (T)]. We examined whether the patterning and expression of these seasonal responses were altered by decreases in serum T that accompany gonadal regression during the first 8 wk of short-day exposure (i.e., the "preparatory phase" of the torpor season) or by experimental increases in serum T after this phase. Short-day-housed, castrated hamsters bearing T implants had long-day levels of the hormone and did not exhibit torpor. Appropriate seasonal patterns and levels of torpor, body weight, pelage color stage, and food intake were exhibited after T implant removal although serum T was clamped to long-day levels during the preparatory phase. In animals that were gonad intact during the preparatory phase and were subsequently castrated and given T implants, torpor did not occur as long as the implants were in place. However, the patterns and levels of daily torpor, food intake, and body weight rapidly returned to appropriate seasonal values compared with the castrated, blank-implanted controls on T implant removal; these effects occurred whether the T implants were removed when torpor frequency was increasing, at its peak, or decreasing across the torpor season. T did not affect pelage color stage under any condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cessation of Long Day Melatonin Rhythms Time Puberty in a Short Day Breeder*

Endocrinology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 1636-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS L. FOSTER ◽  
FRANCIS J. P. EBLING ◽  
LEE E. CLAYPOOL ◽  
CELIA J. I. WOODFILL
Keyword(s):  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day

scholarly journals Root Growth Potential and Microsite Effects on Conifer Seedling Establishment in Northern Idaho

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Reely ◽  
Andrew S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Neighborhood Conditions ◽  
Seedling Performance ◽  
Survival And Growth

Environmental conditions and seedling quality interact to produce complex patterns of seedling survival and growth. Root growth potential (RGP) is one metric of seedling quality that can be rapidly measured prior to planting, but the correlation of RGP and seedling performance is not consistent across studies. Site factors including microsite objects that cast shade and competing vegetation can also influence seedling performance. We examined the effects of RGP, presence/absence of a microsite object, and competition cover on the survival and growth of three native conifers to the Inland Northwest, USA, over 5 years. We found that RGP had no effect on the survival or growth of western larch (Larix occidentalis), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca), and grand fir (Abies grandis) at a mesic north aspect site and a xeric south aspect site. Comparatively, the presence of a microsite increased the odds of survival by 37% for western larch and 158% for grand fir, while the absence of forb cover increased the odds of survival of western larch by 72% and of grand fir by 26%. Douglas fir was less sensitive to microsites and competition. The strong effects of neighborhood conditions around seedlings help inform silvicultural practices to enhance the establishment of western larch and grand fir, including planting seedlings near shading objects and competition control, while these practices may not be as important for Douglas fir.

Transcriptomic analysis of Allium sativum uncovers putative genes involved in photoperiodic pathway and hormone signaling under long day and short day conditions

Plant Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111095
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jawaad Atif ◽  
Bakht Amin ◽  
Muhammad Imran Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Somia Khursheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance and Flowering Behavior in Response to Photoperiod and Vernalization in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Abu-Elenein ◽  
Rabea Al-Sayaydeh ◽  
Zahera Akkeh ◽  
Zakaria Al-Ajlouni ◽  
AbdRaheem A. Al-Bawalize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Abstract Background In barley, flowering behavior is a highly regulated and complex process where the appropriate matching of reproductive development with seasonal variation in water availability confer barley adaptation to different environments. In this study, the role of variation in flowering time and drought tolerance in four selected barley genotypes was studied under field and controlled conditions. For this purpose, field trials were conducted for two consecutive seasons at three diverse environments where the studied genotypes were subjected to either rainfed conditions or rainfed plus supplementary irrigation under two different sowing dates. Furthermore, reproductive meristem development in two selected barley genotypes, Rum (drought tolerant) and Steptoe (drought-sensitive) was also assessed in response to both vernalization and water stress under two different photoperiod conditions.Results Variation in the number of days to heading was more pronounced under rainfed conditions than under well water conditions. For agronomic performance, Rum was superior under all tested environments, which assure its general adaptability to multiple environments, while Steptoe was the poorest. The transition to reproductive meristem was faster under vernalized long-day conditions as compared to vernalized short-day conditions. The progress of shoot apical meristem development and heading under long-day conditions was significantly faster in Rum than that of Steptoe. A clear effect of drought stress was observed on shoot apical meristem development in Steptoe. Under short-day conditions, vernalized Rum plants subjected to water deficit showed an advanced meristem development stage a significant earlier HD when compared with non-stressed plants. This early flowering behavior in stressed Rum plants under short-day conditions was accompanied by higher gene expression of the Vrn-H1 gene. Conclusion In conclusion, the integration of vernalization and photoperiod signals in drought-tolerant barley genotypes is associated with early flowering behavior and higher productivity in dry environments.

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