FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFICIENCY OF PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS FOR THREE SPECIES OF AMBROSIA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

AbstractThe optimal release rate of the aggregation pheromone, lineatin, for trapping Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) was 40 μg/24h. Sticky vane traps were more efficient than three other trap types for T. lineatum and Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte). For G. sulcatus (LeConte), a multiple funnel trap was more efficient than a sticky cylinder trap but no better than vane traps or Scandinavian drainpipe traps. Placement of bait in the middle or bottom of drainpipe traps increased their efficiency in capturing T. lineatum and G. sulcatus. Multiple funnel traps and drainpipe traps releasing lineatin at 10 μg/24h, with an additional dispenser releasing lineatin at 30 μg/24h 1.5–2 m away from the trap caught more T. lineatum than traps releasing lineatin at 10 μg/24h, and were as efficient as traps releasing the pheromone at 40 μg/24h. Thus, the beetles respond strongly to the trap silhouette once attracted to its vicinity. In late April traps placed 15–25 m inside the forest margin caught more T. lineatum than traps at the margin, probably intercepting overwintering beetles before they left the forest. A few strategically placed vane traps among numerous multiple funnel or drainpipe traps are recommended for mass trapping of ambrosia beetles in timber processing areas.

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A SURVEY FOR THE AMBROSIA BEETLES TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM AND GNATHOTRICHUS RETUSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN A SAWMILL USING PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent11749-1 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 117 (1) ◽

pp. 49-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. L. Shore ◽

J. A. McLean

Keyword(s):

Temporal Distribution ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽

Trypodendron Lineatum ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Baited Traps

AbstractThe pheromones lineatum and (+)-sulcatol were used in traps in a sawmill to survey the ambrosia beetles Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) and Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte) respectively. Spatial and temporal distribution patterns for both species were identified. This information can be used for the establishment of a pheromone-based mass-trapping program for ambrosia beetles. The addition of ethanol and α-pinene to traps baited with (+)-sulcatol significantly increased the catches of G. retusus.

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LINEATIN ENANTIOMER PREFERENCE, FLIGHT PERIODS, AND EFFECT OF PHEROMONE CONCENTRATION AND TRAP LENGTH ON THREE SYMPATRIC SPECIES OF TRYPODENDRON (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent132877-6 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 132 (6) ◽

pp. 877-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B.S. Lindgren ◽

S.E.R. Hoover ◽

A.M. MacIsaac ◽

C.I. Keeling ◽

K.N. Slessor

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Reproductive Isolation ◽

Release Rate ◽

Sympatric Species ◽

Ambrosia Beetle ◽

Flight Period ◽

Trypodendron Lineatum ◽

Temporal Separation ◽

Baited Traps ◽

Pheromone Concentration

AbstractThe effects of lineatin enantiomer ratios, lineatin release rate, and trap length on catches and the flight periods of three sympatric species of Trypodendron Stephens were investigated in field bioassays using multiple-funnel traps. The ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron betulae Swaine, was caught in similar numbers in baited traps and blank control traps, showing that this species does not respond to lineatin. Our results confirmed that Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) is attracted only to (+)-lineatin. Trypodendron rufitarsus (Kirby) and Trypodendron retusum (LeConte) were shown to utilize lineatin and like T. lineatum were caught only when (+)-lineatin was present. These results indicate that lineatin does not govern reproductive isolation among these three species. There was no effect by (+)-lineatin release rate within the range tested. The flight of T. rufitarsus commenced earlier and ceased before the peak of the T. lineatum flight, suggesting that temporal separation may be an important component of reproductive isolation between these two species. The flight period of T. retusum was similar to that of T. lineatum. Host odours may aid in reproductive isolation of these two species. Enantiomer blend did not significantly affect sex ratio in any species; however, sex ratio differed among species, indicating that different species responded differently to the traps or that natural sex ratios differ. Catches of T. rufitarsus and T. retusum increased with trap length when pheromone release per trap was held constant and when release was held constant relative to trap length. Trap length and release rate did not affect sex ratio.

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Semiochemical-based integrated pest management of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in British Columbia’s forest industry: implemented in 1982 and still running

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2020.47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 153 (1) ◽

pp. 79-90

Author(s):

John H. Borden ◽

Eveline Stokkink

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Management Programme ◽

Early Years ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Trypodendron Lineatum ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Tolerable Level

AbstractThree species of ambrosia beetles (Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte), and G. retusus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)) have been estimated to cause annual losses of $95–$189 million in degrade of logs and lumber on the British Columbia coast, in Canada. A consultant-run semiochemical-based integrated pest management programme was implemented in 1982 against these beetles, following fulfilment of four prerequisites: (1) presence of receptive potential clients, (2) availability of semiochemical lures, (3) invention of an operational trap, and (4) proof of concept of mass trapping technology. The programme is based on two broad strategies: maintain the problem at a tolerable level and, if necessary, reduce the problem to a tolerable level. One measure of effectiveness over 12 years of mass trapping at a dryland sort near Sooke, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, was 16.4 million beetles trapped and an estimated five to one benefit-to-cost ratio. Despite success, several factors have conspired to reduce the programme from 50 sites serviced in early years to 7 in 2018. Timber companies in British Columbia are currently showing renewed interest and are taking steps to incorporate the integrated pest management programme as a formal component of their overall operations.

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A FURTHER EVALUATION OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE PHEROMONES AND TWO HOST KAIROMONES OF THE AMBROSIA BEETLES TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM AND GNATHOTRICHUS SULCATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent1151-1 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

T. L. Shore ◽

J. A. McLean

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Latin Square ◽

Ambrosia Beetle ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Beetle Species ◽

Trypodendron Lineatum ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Treatment Site ◽

Set Up ◽

Main Effects

AbstractA Latin square design field experiment using treatment, site, and occasion as main effects was set up in spring 1981 to assess the responses of Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) and Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte) to traps baited with the pheromones lineatin and sulcatol alone and in combination with each other and with ethanol plus α-pinene. Addition of sulcatol to either lineatin or lineatin plus ethanol plus α-pinene resulted in significantly reduced catches of T. lineatum. Addition of ethanol plus α-pinene to sulcatol or lineatin resulted in significantly greater catches of both sexes of G. sulcatus and T. lineatum. These results suggest that separate traps be set out for each species in mass trapping suppression programs in timber processing areas and that ethanol and α-pinene be included with the pheromone to maximize catches of both of these ambrosia beetle species.

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Raspberry as a Source for the Development of Drosophila suzukii Attractants: Laboratory and Commercial Polytunnel Trials

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10050137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 137 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rodrigo Lasa ◽

Ricardo A. Toledo-Hernández ◽

Douglas Rodríguez ◽

Trevor Williams

Keyword(s):

Baker’S Yeast ◽

Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Baker's Yeast ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Commercial Products ◽

Apple Cider ◽

Baited Traps ◽

Capture Rates ◽

Better Than

Several commercial products and home-made attractants have been developed for monitoring and mass-trapping of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. Growers in Mexico have adopted an attractant based on a fermenting mixture of raspberry pulp and sucrose, with anecdotally promising results. We compared the capture rates of traps baited with raspberry pulp + sucrose with captures from a range of alternative attractants. Raspberry pulp alone or with sucrose was more attractive than apple cider vinegar (ACV) or SuzukiiTrap and similar to baker’s yeast + sucrose in laboratory cage studies. Synthetic raspberry aroma (0.1–10% concentration), in water or mixed with ACV, did not improve capture rates in the laboratory. Traps baited with raspberry + sucrose or ACV had similar captures of D. suzukii in raspberry or blackberry polytunnels in Michoacán, Mexico. Raspberry + sucrose baited traps captured significantly higher numbers of other drosophilid species, leading to higher total numbers of captured flies (all species), which may explain why Mexican growers favor the raspberry-based attractant. The commercial products SuzukiiTrap and Z-Kinol had lower captures than ACV in polytunnels, although SuzukiiTrap had the highest selectivity in captures of D. suzukii (81% of flies captured). A two-component trap (2C trap) baited with ACV + ethanol as the drowning solution and raspberry pulp + sucrose or baker’s yeast + sucrose in a ventilated tube device was markedly more effective than the trap currently used by growers. We conclude that raspberry pulp + sucrose is as effective for the attraction of D. suzukii as ACV under commercial polytunnel conditions. The 2C trap performed better than the transparent cup trap currently used by berry producers in Mexico.

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A MULTIPLE FUNNEL TRAP FOR SCOLYTID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent115299-3 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 115 (3) ◽

pp. 299-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 320

Author(s):

B. S. Lindgren

Keyword(s):

Mountain Pine Beetle ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Sticky Trap ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Sticky Traps ◽

Research Survey ◽

Pine Beetle ◽

Funnel Trap ◽

Vertically Aligned

AbstractThe multiple funnel trap, an efficient, collapsible, non-sticky trap for scolytid beetles, consists of a series of vertically aligned funnels with a collecting jar at the bottom. The trap compared favorably with sticky traps and Scandinavian drainpipe traps for three species of ambrosia beetles and the mountain pine beetle. Minimum maintenance required for this trap allows for high efficiency in pheromone-based research, survey, and mass trapping of scolytid beetles.

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Factors Influencing the Distribution of Overwintering Ambrosia Beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent93746-9 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 93 (9) ◽

pp. 746-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

E. D. A. Dyer ◽

J. M. Kinghorn

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Stand Density ◽

Forest Litter ◽

Ambrosia Beetle ◽

Forest Edges ◽

Trypodendron Lineatum ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Coastal British Columbia ◽

Selection Of

Previous work by Kinghorn and Chapman (1959) has shown that in coastal British Columbia, the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum hibernates in the forest litter or duff at various distances within forest edges in the vicinity of brood logs. It was pointed out that further study was required to determine the characteristics of the optimum hibernation sites. It was mentioned that stand density, shade, aspect, slope, and the nature of the duff might be factors controlling the selection of the place of hibernation. The base of trees and the relatively deeper duff, characteristic of this situation, was reported to be the location of the larger populations of hibernating beetles although the level of population was found to vary greatly both from tree to tree and in depth within different forest edges.

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Survey and mass trapping of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in timber processing areas on Vancouver Island

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x83-072 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 481-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

B. S. Lindgren ◽

J. H. Borden

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Inventory Management ◽

Population Estimates ◽

Distribution Data ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Spatial Distributions ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Baited Traps ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Trap Placement

The spatial distribution and population estimates of overwintering Trypodendronlineatum (Olivier) were determined by sampling beetles in the duff at four dryland log sorts. The temporal and spatial distributions of flying T. lineatum, Gnathotrichussulcatus (LeConte), and G. retusus (LeConte) over 3 years were determined by catches by pheromone-baited traps in three dryland sorts. At one dryland sort the distribution data from survey trapping and overwintering sampling were used to establish optimal trap placement for the subsequent year's trapping. At this dryland sort the trapping effort was expanded from a survey into a mass trapping program, using a barrier strategy. The total catches of all three species in 1979, 1980, and 1981 were 120 000, 690 000, and 2 800 000, respectively. Approximately 66 and 79% of the captured beetles in 1980 and 1981, respectively, were T. lineatum. When compared with high and low population estimates of overwintering T. lineatum the catches of this species represented 1–3, 12–21, and 44–77% of the total overwintering population for the respective years. For each year, the following winter's population remained constant relative to previous years. A mass trapping program, utilizing synthetic pheromones, multiple funnel traps, and sticky vane traps, was recommended in conjunction with improved log inventory management.

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Recent advances toward the sustainable management of invasive Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles

Journal of Pest Science ◽

10.1007/s10340-021-01382-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Gugliuzzo ◽

Peter H. W. Biedermann ◽

Daniel Carrillo ◽

Louela A. Castrillo ◽

James P. Egonyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Real Field ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Baited Traps ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

Mycoparasitic Fungi ◽

History Of

AbstractWe provide an overview of both traditional and innovative control tools for management of three Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), invasive species with a history of damage in forests, nurseries, orchards and urban areas. Xylosandrus compactus, X. crassiusculus and X. germanus are native to Asia, and currently established in several countries around the globe. Adult females bore galleries into the plant xylem inoculating mutualistic ambrosia fungi that serve as food source for the developing progeny. Tunneling activity results in chewed wood extrusion from entry holes, sap outflow, foliage wilting followed by canopy dieback, and branch and trunk necrosis. Maintaining plant health by reducing physiological stress is the first recommendation for long-term control. Baited traps, ethanol-treated bolts, trap logs and trap trees of selected species can be used to monitor Xylosandrus species. Conventional pest control methods are mostly ineffective against Xylosandrus beetles because of the pests’ broad host range and rapid spread. Due to challenges with conventional control, more innovative control approaches are being tested, such as the optimization of the push–pull strategy based on specific attractant and repellent combinations, or the use of insecticide-treated netting. Biological control based on the release of entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, as well as the use of antagonistic bacteria, has yielded promising results. However, these technologies still require validation in real field conditions. Overall, we suggest that management efforts should primarily focus on reducing plant stress and potentially be combined with a multi-faceted approach for controlling Xylosandrus damage.

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THE EFFECT OF MALE TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ON THE RESPONSE OF FIELD POPULATIONS TO SECONDARY ATTRACTION

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent105583-4 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 583-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

W. W. Nijholt

Keyword(s):

Volatile Substance ◽

Trypodendron Lineatum ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Field Response ◽

Secondary Attraction

AbstractThe strong attractiveness of logs infested with female ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), to the flying population was sharply reduced after the addition of males. The field response of T. lineatum was greatly reduced when air from logs infested with attractive females was mixed with air passing over logs infested with both sexes. The findings suggest that females keep producing the attracting principle in the presence of males. Males appear to reduce secondary attraction by producing a volatile substance(s) which may be anti-aggregating or repellent in its effect.

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