A FURTHER EVALUATION OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE PHEROMONES AND TWO HOST KAIROMONES OF THE AMBROSIA BEETLES TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM AND GNATHOTRICHUS SULCATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Shore ◽  
J. A. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Treatment Site ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractA Latin square design field experiment using treatment, site, and occasion as main effects was set up in spring 1981 to assess the responses of Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) and Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte) to traps baited with the pheromones lineatin and sulcatol alone and in combination with each other and with ethanol plus α-pinene. Addition of sulcatol to either lineatin or lineatin plus ethanol plus α-pinene resulted in significantly reduced catches of T. lineatum. Addition of ethanol plus α-pinene to sulcatol or lineatin resulted in significantly greater catches of both sexes of G. sulcatus and T. lineatum. These results suggest that separate traps be set out for each species in mass trapping suppression programs in timber processing areas and that ethanol and α-pinene be included with the pheromone to maximize catches of both of these ambrosia beetle species.

The first record of two non-native ambrosia beetles in Slovenia: Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff, 1875) and Ambrosiophilus atratus (Eichhoff, 1875) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4657 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
TINE HAUPTMAN ◽  
BARBARA PIŠKUR ◽  
MASSIMO FACCOLI ◽  
BLAŽ REKANJE ◽  
ANDRAŽ MARINČ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
First Record ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Bark And Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Xylosandrus Germanus

In September 2017, during the monitoring of the non-native ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894), one specimen of an unknown ambrosia bark beetle species was collected in Slovenia. The specimen was trapped in an ethanol-baited trap located in Klavže (46° 09´ 39˝ N, 13° 48´ 7˝ E), in the western part of Slovenia. The most characteristic feature distinguishing the specimen from other known ambrosia beetle species occurring in Slovenia was the asperities that covered the entire surface of the pronotum. Based on the scientific literature concerning the non-native bark and ambrosia beetles in Europe (Kirkendall & Faccoli 2010) and illustrated identification keys (Rabaglia et al. 2006; Faccoli et al. 2009), we identified the beetle by its morphological characteristics as Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff, 1875). As a result of this find, a specific monitoring was set up in 2018 in Slovenia with the aim to improve the knowledge about occurrence and distribution of A. rubricollis in this country. 

Semiochemical-based integrated pest management of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in British Columbia’s forest industry: implemented in 1982 and still running

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
John H. Borden ◽  
Eveline Stokkink
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Tolerable Level

AbstractThree species of ambrosia beetles (Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte), and G. retusus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)) have been estimated to cause annual losses of $95–$189 million in degrade of logs and lumber on the British Columbia coast, in Canada. A consultant-run semiochemical-based integrated pest management programme was implemented in 1982 against these beetles, following fulfilment of four prerequisites: (1) presence of receptive potential clients, (2) availability of semiochemical lures, (3) invention of an operational trap, and (4) proof of concept of mass trapping technology. The programme is based on two broad strategies: maintain the problem at a tolerable level and, if necessary, reduce the problem to a tolerable level. One measure of effectiveness over 12 years of mass trapping at a dryland sort near Sooke, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, was 16.4 million beetles trapped and an estimated five to one benefit-to-cost ratio. Despite success, several factors have conspired to reduce the programme from 50 sites serviced in early years to 7 in 2018. Timber companies in British Columbia are currently showing renewed interest and are taking steps to incorporate the integrated pest management programme as a formal component of their overall operations.

scholarly journals The Risk of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles Associated with Imported Non-Coniferous Wood and Potential Horizontal Phytosanitary Measures

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Fabienne Grousset ◽  
Jean-Claude Grégoire ◽  
Hervé Jactel ◽  
Andrea Battisti ◽  
Anita Benko Beloglavec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Full Detail ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Bark And Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Coniferous Wood

Many bark and ambrosia beetle species (Coleoptera: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) are known to have spread worldwide in relation to international trade. Concerns have been expressed within the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) about recent introductions of non-indigenous species of these groups. Regulation of the non-coniferous wood trade into many EPPO member countries is currently not sufficient to cover such risks. In 2018–2019, an EPPO study on the risk of bark and ambrosia beetles associated with imported non-coniferous wood was carried out, and the key characteristics contributing to the pest risk from introduced species were determined using expert consensus. This paper summarizes the key findings of the study, which are available in full detail on the EPPO website. The study identified biological and other risk factors and illustrated them with examples from 26 beetle species or groups of species known to be invasive or posing a threat to plant health. These representative species were classified into three categories based on known damage and level of uncertainty. In the present article, factorial discriminant analyses were used to identify features of bark and ambrosia beetle biology associated with damage caused and invasiveness. Based on the information assembled and consideration of the risk factors, it was recommended that in order to prevent the introduction of new bark and ambrosia beetles via non-coniferous wood commodities, horizontal phytosanitary measures should be adopted, irrespective of the host plant species and the origin (i.e., for all genera of non-coniferous woody plants and from all origins). Phytosanitary measures are presented here for various wood commodities.

A SURVEY FOR THE AMBROSIA BEETLES TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM AND GNATHOTRICHUS RETUSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN A SAWMILL USING PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Shore ◽  
J. A. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Baited Traps

AbstractThe pheromones lineatum and (+)-sulcatol were used in traps in a sawmill to survey the ambrosia beetles Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) and Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte) respectively. Spatial and temporal distribution patterns for both species were identified. This information can be used for the establishment of a pheromone-based mass-trapping program for ambrosia beetles. The addition of ethanol and α-pinene to traps baited with (+)-sulcatol significantly increased the catches of G. retusus.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFICIENCY OF PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS FOR THREE SPECIES OF AMBROSIA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Lindgren ◽  
J. H. Borden ◽  
L. Chong ◽  
L. M. Friskie ◽  
D. B. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Forest Margin ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Funnel Trap ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe optimal release rate of the aggregation pheromone, lineatin, for trapping Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) was 40 μg/24h. Sticky vane traps were more efficient than three other trap types for T. lineatum and Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte). For G. sulcatus (LeConte), a multiple funnel trap was more efficient than a sticky cylinder trap but no better than vane traps or Scandinavian drainpipe traps. Placement of bait in the middle or bottom of drainpipe traps increased their efficiency in capturing T. lineatum and G. sulcatus. Multiple funnel traps and drainpipe traps releasing lineatin at 10 μg/24h, with an additional dispenser releasing lineatin at 30 μg/24h 1.5–2 m away from the trap caught more T. lineatum than traps releasing lineatin at 10 μg/24h, and were as efficient as traps releasing the pheromone at 40 μg/24h. Thus, the beetles respond strongly to the trap silhouette once attracted to its vicinity. In late April traps placed 15–25 m inside the forest margin caught more T. lineatum than traps at the margin, probably intercepting overwintering beetles before they left the forest. A few strategically placed vane traps among numerous multiple funnel or drainpipe traps are recommended for mass trapping of ambrosia beetles in timber processing areas.

Factors Influencing the Distribution of Overwintering Ambrosia Beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 746-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. A. Dyer ◽  
J. M. Kinghorn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Selection Of

Previous work by Kinghorn and Chapman (1959) has shown that in coastal British Columbia, the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum hibernates in the forest litter or duff at various distances within forest edges in the vicinity of brood logs. It was pointed out that further study was required to determine the characteristics of the optimum hibernation sites. It was mentioned that stand density, shade, aspect, slope, and the nature of the duff might be factors controlling the selection of the place of hibernation. The base of trees and the relatively deeper duff, characteristic of this situation, was reported to be the location of the larger populations of hibernating beetles although the level of population was found to vary greatly both from tree to tree and in depth within different forest edges.

scholarly journals Ethanol-Enriched Substrate Facilitates Ambrosia Beetle Fungi, but Inhibits Their Pathogens and Fungal Symbionts of Bark Beetles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Lehenberger ◽  
Markus Benkert ◽  
Peter H. W. Biedermann
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Defensive Role

Bark beetles (sensu lato) colonize woody tissues like phloem or xylem and are associated with a broad range of micro-organisms. Specific fungi in the ascomycete orders Hypocreales, Microascales and Ophistomatales as well as the basidiomycete Russulales have been found to be of high importance for successful tree colonization and reproduction in many species. While fungal mutualisms are facultative for most phloem-colonizing bark beetles (sensu stricto), xylem-colonizing ambrosia beetles are long known to obligatorily depend on mutualistic fungi for nutrition of adults and larvae. Recently, a defensive role of fungal mutualists for their ambrosia beetle hosts was revealed: Few tested mutualists outcompeted other beetle-antagonistic fungi by their ability to produce, detoxify and metabolize ethanol, which is naturally occurring in stressed and/or dying trees that many ambrosia beetle species preferentially colonize. Here, we aim to test (i) how widespread beneficial effects of ethanol are among the independently evolved lineages of ambrosia beetle fungal mutualists and (ii) whether it is also present in common fungal symbionts of two bark beetle species (Ips typographus, Dendroctonus ponderosae) and some general fungal antagonists of bark and ambrosia beetle species. The majority of mutualistic ambrosia beetle fungi tested benefited (or at least were not harmed) by the presence of ethanol in terms of growth parameters (e.g., biomass), whereas fungal antagonists were inhibited. This confirms the competitive advantage of nutritional mutualists in the beetle’s preferred, ethanol-containing host material. Even though most bark beetle fungi are found in the same phylogenetic lineages and ancestral to the ambrosia beetle (sensu stricto) fungi, most of them were highly negatively affected by ethanol and only a nutritional mutualist of Dendroctonus ponderosae benefited, however. This suggests that ethanol tolerance is a derived trait in nutritional fungal mutualists, particularly in ambrosia beetles that show cooperative farming of their fungi.

Anaerobic induction of primary chemical attractancy for ambrosia beetles

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 905-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Causal Factor ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Fermentative Metabolism ◽  
Chemical Attractants ◽  
Anaerobic Induction

Experimental evidence supports a hypothesis that oxygen deficiency may be a causal factor in the formation of chemical attractants for the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier). Detectable attractancy can be induced by anaerobic conditions at 20 °C, imposed for 4 hours on fresh sapwood. Maximum attractancy develops within 24 hours of anaerobic processing. The hypothesis proposes that in a log or dying tree stagnation of the translocative and pneumatic systems leads to deficiency of oxygen at the active metabolic centers. The consequent change from oxidative to fermentative metabolism thus induces attractant formation.

scholarly journals Ambrosia Beetles: A Multimillion Dollar Degrade Problem of Sawlogs in Coastal British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McLean
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
The Future ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Ambrosia beetle degrade of sawlogs processed through the Vancouver log market in 1980/81 is calculated to be C$63.7 million. Similar losses can be expected in the future unless there are major changes in log inventory management. Gnathotrichus sulcatus was shown to penetrate Douglas-fir and western hemlock logs 3 cm and 8 cm respectively. The comparable figures for Trypodendron lineatum are 3 cm and 4 cm respectively. Factors that lead to the build up of ambrosia beetle populations in forest settings and processing areas must be identified to ensure maximum clearwood yield from logs.

Attack and Brood Production of Ambrosia Beetles in Logging Debris

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. A. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Brood Production ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Breeding Place ◽  
Extensive Damage

AbstractThe ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), causes extensive damage to logs in coastal British Columbia. The logging debris or slash felled in the autumn has been found to be an important breeding place for these beetles. The shaded sides of the larger pieces of slash sustained the greatest attacks and produced the most brood. The population increased about four-fold as a result of breeding in slash and this increase was estimated to be more than one quarter of a million beetles per acre on the areas investigated. A very large population of these beetles can develop each year in districts where autumn and winter felling is in progress.

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