REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF TELENOMUS CALVUS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE), A PHORETIC EGG PARASITOID OF PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 1063-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Orr ◽  
J.S. Russin ◽  
D.J. Boethel
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe behavior, reproductive capability, and longevity of Telenomus calvus Johnson, a phoretic egg parasitoid of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), were examined in the laboratory. Telenomus calvus females were observed at 25 different locations on hosts’ bodies; preferred sites were pronota and femora. Attachment to hosts was facilitated by greatly enlarged arolia. Parasitoids dismounted from hosts at the time of oviposition to parasitize egg masses. Production of female progeny by parasitoids in phoretic association with hosts peaked on the 1st day after adult emergence, then declined steadily until day 6; male progeny production remained relatively low and constant over the same period. The mean (± SE) number of progeny produced by T. calvus females was 22.4 ± 3.0. Such a small egg complement enabled most females not in phoretic association, and presented with a fresh egg mass daily, to oviposit all or nearly all of their eggs in the first host egg mass encountered. The intrinsic rate of natural increase for T. calvus in phoretic association was estimated as 0.149 ♀ ♀−1 day−1, resulting in a doubling time of 4.65 days. Longevity on non-ovipositing females with access to honey was 33.7 ± 1.1 days, but declined sharply to 5.7 ± 0.4 days when in phoretic association with hosts. Pre-imaginal development of T. calvus was restricted to host eggs that were ≤12h old, despite continued observed oviposition attempts in older host masses. These results are discussed with regard to the biology of T. calvus as a phoretic parasitoid and to its importance as a parasitoid of P. maculiventris in Louisiana.

Comparative development, longevity and population growth of exotic and native parasitoids of lepidopteran cereal stemborers in Kenya

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Mbapila ◽  
W.A. Overholt
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Cotesia Flavipes ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cotesia Sesamiae ◽  
Comparative Development ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
The Mean

AbstractStudies on the effect of temperature on the development, longevity and population growth of Cotesia flavipes Cameron and Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) indicated that the development of both Cotesia spp. from oviposition to cocoon formation and adult emergence was inversely to temperature. The longevity of the parasitoids was also inversely related to temperature. Both parasitoids lived longer when moisture and food (agar + honey/water) were provided. The mean number of females and total adult progeny produced by C. flavipes on two host were, in most cases, higher than C. sesamiae. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of C. flavipes was higher than that of C. sesamiae.

scholarly journals Implementing Mass Rearing of Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Cold-Stored Host Eggs

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 840
Author(s):  
Barbara Bittau ◽  
Maria Luisa Dindo ◽  
Giovanni Burgio ◽  
Giuseppino Sabbatini-Peverieri ◽  
Kim Alan Hoelmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Asian Origin ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Promising Solution

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a pest of Asian origin, has been causing severe damage to Italian agriculture. The application of classical biological control by the release of Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an exotic egg parasitoid, appears to be one promising solution. In Italy, releases of T. japonicus in the field were authorized in 2020. In this study, some parameters that could influence the rearing of T. japonicus in insectaries were investigated. A significantly higher production of progeny was observed on host eggs stored at 6 °C (86.5%) compared to −24 °C (48.8%) for up to two months prior to exposure to parasitism. There were no significant differences in progeny production from single females in a vial provided with only one egg mass (83.2%) or 10 females inside a cage with 6 egg masses (83.9%). The exposure of parasitoids to refrigerated (6 °C) egg masses of H. halys for 72 h led to a significantly higher production of progeny (62.1%) compared to shorter exposures for 48 (44.0%) or 24 h (37.1%). A decline in production of progeny by the same female was detected between the first (62.1%) and the second parasitization (41.3%). Adult parasitoids stored at 16 °C for up to 90 days had an 87.1% survival rate, but a significant decrease in progeny production was detected. These parameters could be adjusted when rearing T. japonicus for specific aims such as the production of individuals for field release or colony maintenance.

A new substitute host and its effects on some biological properties ofOoencyrtus kuvanae

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilal Tunca ◽  
Marine Venard ◽  
Etty-Ambre Colombel ◽  
Elisabeth Tabone
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Female Parasitoid ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ooencyrtus Kuvanae ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Population Numbers

AbstractLymantia dispar(L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), commonly known as the gypsy moth, is a serious forest pest, and beneficial insects are particularly important for reducing its population numbers.Ooencyrtus kuvanae(Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is an arrhenotokous, solitary egg parasitoid ofL. dispar. In this study, we evaluated a new substitute host,Philosamia ricini(Danovan) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) forO. kuvanae. We investigated some of the biological effects ofO. kuvanaeonP. ricinieggs. In this context, the importance of the age of the female parasitoid (1, 3 or 5 days old), host age (1–2 and 3–4 days old) and host number (40, 60 and 80 host eggs) were examined under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% relative humidity and a 16 : 8 h photoperiod [light : dark]). The highest rate of offspring production (89.90%) occurred with 40 (1–2-day-old) host eggs and 5-day-old females. The mean developmental period ranged from 16.5 ± 0.08 days to 18.7 ± 0.08 days. The mean lifespan of the parasitoid was 51.10 ± 1.1 (n= 60) days with bio-honey and 3.92 ± 0.14 (n= 60) days without food. The mean fecundity was 68.88 ± 3.22 offspring/female. Peak adult emergence occurred between 2 and 9 days. The mean oviposition and mean post-oviposition periods of the female parasitoid were 22.76 ± 1.37 days and 13.64 ± 1.40 days, respectively.O. kuvanaewas reared for more than ten generations on the eggs ofP. ricini. Based on our findings,P. ricinican be used to rearO. kuvanaefor the biological control ofL. dispar.

Evaluation of antibiosis resistance in seven apple cultivars to Eotetranychus frosti (Tetranychidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-537
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Jafarian ◽  
Shahriar Jafari ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipour
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Life Table Parameters ◽  
New Information ◽  
Strong Evaluation ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibiosis Resistance

Eotetranychus frosti (McGregor) (Tetranychidae) is a main pest of apple and some fruit trees in Iran. The life table parameters of E. frosti on seven apple cultivars (Red, Golab Kohanz, Gala Imperial, Gala Royal, Fuji, Granny Smith and Golden) at 27±1ºC, 50±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (L: D) h were determined. The immature developmental times of E. frosti ranged from 6.50 days on Granny Smith to 18.31 days on Golab Kohanz. The lowest and highest survival rate for whole immature stages was 85.71% and 95.72% on Golab Kohanz and Red, respectively. Fecundity of E. frosti was affected by cultivars; varied from 60.43 eggs on Golab Kohanz to 110.19 eggs on Granny Smith. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) varied significantly among different cultivars in which the lowest value (0.119 day-1) was on Golab Kohanz and highest value (0.365 day-1) was on Granny Smith. The mean generation time (T) was shortest on Granny Smith (11.45 days) and longest on Golab Kohanz (30.09 days). According to the results, Granny Smith and Golab Kohanz were susceptible and resistant cultivars, respectively among the ones tested. The findings of this study provide new information that can be used to design a more comprehensive IPM program for this important pest.

Oviposition periodicity, egg morphology and life history of large cabbage moth Crocidolomia pavonana population in Samoa

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
John B. Sulifoa ◽  
Sateki Fangupo ◽  
Rashmi Kant
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Trichogramma Chilonis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Egg Morphology ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Cabbage Moth

A study on the biology and behaviour of the Samoan population of Crocidolomia pavonana was carried out through a series of experiments. The study showed that C. pavonana completes its life cycle in 24-35 days. Female emerge, mate and oviposit (as egg mass) during the scotophase. The average size of egg mass was 9.0 ± 0.48 mm2 and the mean number of eggs oviposited were significantly (PC. pavonana oviposits small egg masses. This information could be used to develop effective pest management using the recently identified egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis.

Study on varietal preferences and seasonal incidence of parasitoids of rice pests

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
J. Alfred Daniel ◽  
K. Ramaraju ◽  
S. Mohan Kumar ◽  
P. Jeyaprakash ◽  
N. Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Pests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fortnightly Interval ◽  
Varietal Preference

The egg masses of yellow stem borer, larvae of leaf folder and rice horned caterpillar and eggs of ear head bug were collected randomly at fortnightly interval from four different varieties viz., CO 43, CO 50, CO 51 and CR 1009 from the rice field. The data was pooled and per cent parasitization was calculated to find out the varietal preference and seasonal variations of parasitoids. Among the four different varieties tested for the preference of parasitoids, per cent parasitization of stem borer egg mass was found to be more (26.59) in CO 50. The per cent parasitization of leaf folder larvae and rice horned caterpillar was found to be maximum in CO 51(40.29) and CO 43(33.21), respectively. In case of ear head bugs, the egg  parasitization was maximum (27.70) in CO 50. The mean egg mass parasitization of stem borer was highest (71.88) in first fortnight of December. The larval parasitization of leaf folder and rice horned caterpillar were found to be maximum during the second fortnight of December (64.3) and the first fortnight of January (71.88), respectively. The parasitism rate of ear head bug eggs was maximum (62.95) during the second fortnight of December. Interestingly, phoresy exhibited by Sceliocerdo sp. an egg parasitoid of Neorthacris sp. was also recorded.

Effect of temperature on development and population growth rates of Spilostethus pandurus (Scopoli) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in Giza, Egypt

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. El-Shazly
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Spilostethus Pandurus

AbstractThe effects of temperature on the life history of Spilostethus pandurus (Scopoli) were examined by determining the different developmental and reproductive parameters with respect to days of hatching, oviposition, and adult emergence of insects reared in field cages at Giza, Egypt. Hatching, oviposition, and adult emergence continued all year round; the average daily temperature in the coldest month (January) seemed to be above developmental thresholds for different stages. This lygaeid completed six overlapping generations in 1 year. The basic population parameters, i.e. net reproductive rate (R0), gross reproductive rate (GRR), instantaneous rate of natural increase (r), finite rate of natural increase (λ), and mean generation time (T) exhibited a more or less cyclic pattern in successive generations. The highest value of r (rmax) was considered as the intrinsic rate of natural increase of this species.

scholarly journals Fertility Life Tables of Plastanoxus westwoodi (Kieffer) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) on Cryptolestes pusillus (Schon.) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
W Islam ◽  
KN Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Host Instar ◽  
Cryptolestes Pusillus

Plastanoxus westwoodi is an efficient ectoparasitoid of larvae and pupae of the red flat grain beetle Cryptolestes pusillus. Fertility life tables and effects of host instar on life table parameters of P. westwoodi on C. pusillus were studied in the laboratory. Generally adult females lived for 13-16 days. Oviposition commenced on the 1st day of adult emergence and continued till death or 1-2 days before the death of a parasitoid. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was found to be 0.2291 per female per day. The net reproductive rate (R0) was 64.07; the innate capacity for increase (rc) was 0.2096. The finite rate of increase (λ) was calculated as 1.4735 per female per day, while corrected generation time (T) was computed as 18.16 days. Key words: Plastanoxus westwoodi, Cryptolestes pusillus, Oviposition, Life table, Biological control   DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3737    J. bio-sci. 16: 25-28, 2008   

scholarly journals Aedes albopictus life table: environment, food, and age dependence survivorship and reproduction in a tropical area

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guzhen Cui ◽  
Saifeng Zhong ◽  
Tuquan Zheng ◽  
Zhangrui Li ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Pupation Rate ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Environmental conditions affect the biology of mosquito vectors. Aedes albopictus is a major vector of many important diseases including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in China. Understanding the development, fecundity, and survivorship of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes in different environmental conditions is beneficial for the implementation of effective vector control measures. Methods Aedes albopictus larval and adult life-table experiments were conducted under natural conditions in indoor, half-shaded, and fully shaded settings, simulating the three major habitat types in Hainan Province, a tropical island in the South China Sea. Temperature, humidity, and light intensity were recorded daily. Larval rearing used habitat water and tap water, with and without additional artificial food. Development time, survivorship, pupation rate, and adult emergence rates were monitored. Adult mosquito survivorship and fecundity were monitored daily and reproductive rates were determined, and age-dependent survivorship and reproduction were analyzed. Results The pupation time and male and female emergence times were significantly shorter in indoor conditions than in shaded and half-shaded conditions for both tap water with added food and habitat water with added food groups. For habitat water with added food, the shaded environment had the lowest pupation rate among the settings. For tap water with added food group, the shaded environment had the lowest pupation rate. The mean survival time of females was 27.3 ± 0.8 days in the indoor condition, which was significantly longer than that in the half-shaded (18.4 ± 0.6 days) and shaded (13.8 ± 1.2 days) conditions. Adult mortality was age-dependent, and the rate of change in mortality with age was not significantly different among different environmental conditions. The mean net replacement rate (R0) of female mosquitoes showed no significant difference among the three conditions, whereas the per capita intrinsic growth rate (r) in the shaded condition was 42.0% and 20.4% higher than that in the indoor and half-shaded conditions, respectively. Female daily egg mass was also age-dependent in all the settings, decaying exponentially with age. Conclusions Our results imply that half-shaded conditions are likely the best natural condition for adult emergence and female reproduction, and food supply is crucial for larval development and pupation. The results provide new avenues for integrated mosquito management in indoor and outdoor areas, especially in half-shaded areas. Graphical Abstract

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