POSTDIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT AND ADULT EMERGENCE OF PTEROMALUS VENUSTUS WALKER (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) DURING ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE INCUBATION

Pteromalus venustus Walker is the most common parasitoid associated with the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata (F.), in western Canada (Richards 1984). Leafcutter beekeepers in Canada and the United States use several methods to control P. venustus during incubation of leafcutter bee larvae, including light traps (Hobbs 1973; Richards 1984), dipping the cells in an insecticide (Brindley 1976; Parker 1979), and placing dichlorvos resin strips in the incubator (Hill et al. 1984). Previously we described the influence of temperature on survival and rate of development of the egg, larval, and pupal stages of non-diapausing P. venustus (Whitfield and Richards 1985). Here we report on the influence of temperature on rate of postdiapause development in P. venustus during leafcutter bee incubation and consider the value of this information for timing control measures for this parasitoid.

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DETECTION OF A CHALKBROOD FUNGUS, ASCOSPHAERA AGGREGATA, IN LARVAE OF THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE) FROM WESTERN CANADA

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent1171143-9 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 117 (9) ◽

pp. 1143-1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K.W. Richards

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Fungal Disease ◽

Western Canada ◽

Megachile Rotundata ◽

Severe Problem ◽

Leafcutter Bee

The alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata (F.), is the primary pollinator of commercially grown seed alfalfa in Canada. Chalkbrood is a fungal disease, caused by a complex of Ascosphaerales species (Skou and King 1984) that infect the larvae of many species of bees. One species, Ascosphaera aggregata Skou (Skou 1975), is a severe problem in leafcutter bees in the United States and in some cases has caused losses of more than 65% (Stephen et al. 1981). Mode of dispersal, infestation of bee larvae, sporulation, and associated symptomatology of this pathogen have been described (Vandenberg et al. 1980; Vandenberg and Stephen 1982; McManus and Youssef 1984).

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INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON SURVIVAL AND RATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF PTEROMALUS VENUSTUS (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent117811-7 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 117 (7) ◽

pp. 811-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G.H. Whitfield ◽

K.W. Richards

Keyword(s):

Western Canada ◽

Base Temperature ◽

Degree Days ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Dependent Development ◽

Rate Versus ◽

Development Data ◽

Influence Of Temperature On ◽

Leafcutter Bee ◽

Incubation Temperatures

AbstractIncidence of parasitism by Pteromalus venustus Walker in populations of the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata (F.), in western Canada from 1976 to 1983 was found to average ca. 1%. An average of 17.4 parasite adults emerged from each host cocoon and the ratio of males to females was 1:1. Temperature-dependent development and survival at 8 constant temperatures are described. The range of temperatures for greatest survival of the parasite (30–32 °C) coincided with the recommended incubation temperatures for cocoons of the leafcutter bee. Development data fitted a 4-parameter development model. Linear regression of development rate versus temperature provided estimates of base temperature and development time in degree-days for the egg, larval, pupal, and combined stages.

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Diurnal change of adult behaviour, daily oviposition and influence of temperature on adult emergence and light trapping data of the beech caterpillar,Quadricalcarifera punctatella(Motsch.) (Lep., Notodontidae)

Journal of Applied Entomology ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0418.1995.tb01267.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 119 (1-5) ◽

pp. 177-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. Kamala ◽

M. Igarashi

Keyword(s):

Light Trapping ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Diurnal Change ◽

Influence Of Temperature ◽

Influence Of Temperature On

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The effect of temperature on high-resolution TEM image contrast

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100139573 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 640-641

Author(s):

T. Geipel ◽

W. Mader ◽

P. Pirouz

Keyword(s):

Form Factor ◽

Inelastic Scattering ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Waller Factor ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Specimen Thickness ◽

Influence Of Temperature ◽

Debye Waller Factor ◽

Influence Of Temperature On ◽

Atomic Form Factor

Temperature affects both elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons in a crystal. The Debye-Waller factor, B, describes the influence of temperature on the elastic scattering of electrons, whereas the imaginary part of the (complex) atomic form factor, fc = fr + ifi, describes the influence of temperature on the inelastic scattering of electrons (i.e. absorption). In HRTEM simulations, two possible ways to include absorption are: (i) an approximate method in which absorption is described by a phenomenological constant, μ, i.e. fi; - μfr, with the real part of the atomic form factor, fr, obtained from Hartree-Fock calculations, (ii) a more accurate method in which the absorptive components, fi of the atomic form factor are explicitly calculated. In this contribution, the inclusion of both the Debye-Waller factor and absorption on HRTEM images of a (Oll)-oriented GaAs crystal are presented (using the EMS software.Fig. 1 shows the the amplitudes and phases of the dominant 111 beams as a function of the specimen thickness, t, for the cases when μ = 0 (i.e. no absorption, solid line) and μ = 0.1 (with absorption, dashed line).

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