Parasites of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), in Ontario

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Watson ◽  
A. P. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
The West ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Important Pest

The European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), was introduced accidentally into Ontario about 1925, and has since spread throughout the southwestern part of the province south of a line from the south shores of Georgian Bay on the west to Brockville on the east (Fig. 1). Damage to the host is done by the larvae, the feeding of which results in the deformation of the branches and main stems, reducing the potential value of the trees as timber and, in heavy infestations, making young trees unsuitable for the Christmas tree trade. Several species of exotic and native pines are attacked; red pine, Pinus resinosa hit,, Scots pine. P. sylvestris L., and Mugho pine, P. mugho Turra, being the most susceptible. Because of the extensive planting of Scots and red pine in southern Ontario, especially during the last 25 years, the increasing numbers of European pine shoot moth in this area present a problem of great importance. Contributing to an understanding of this important pest, this paper presents a detailed review of the parasites obtained in Ontario since 1954, with some notes on earlier surveys.

Influence of Host Tree on Abundance of Itoplectis conquisitor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a Polyphagous Parasite of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Southern Ontario

The larvae of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), feed on several species of hard pines, of which the most economically important are red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait., and Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L. Approximately one hundred million trees of each species mere planted in southern Ontario since 1905, most of them since 1925. Many pure and mixed stands are now infested by R. buoliana which has no apparent preference for either host tree.

Notes on the Parasites of Neodiprion nanulus Schedl (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Coppel
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
Heavy Infestation

In collecting sawfly eggs, larvae, and cocoons for propagating beneficial insects at the Belleville laboratory, a heavy infestation of a pine sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus Schedl, was discovered in 1942 nine miles north of Belleville, on a 25-year-old plantation of red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait.; Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.; and jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb.From samples of the eggs collected in the spring of 1943, no parasites emerged.

The Biology and Behaviour of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), in Southern Ontario I. Adult

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1098-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Pointing
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Accidental Introduction ◽  
Pine Species

The European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), has been recognized as a pest of pine plantations since it was described in 1776. Neugebauer (1952) stated that 32 susceptible pine species were known and that scarcely any species were rejected by the insect. Following its accidental introduction into North America about 50 years ago (Busck, 1914) the shoot moth became a serious pest of red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait., which appears to be the most susceptible species (Heikkenen and Miller, 1959). Watson (1947) described the shoot moth as “the most destructive insect affecting hard pines in southern Ontario, and the most difficult to control”. Plantations have been damaged so severely that the planting of red pine has been virtually discontinued within the pest's range.

ON THE SPREAD OF FOMES ANNOSUS (FR.) CKE.

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
And Storage

Basidiospores of Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. were found to be wind-dispersed and to be deposited on soil, seedlings, tools, and other objects in the fields of the Provincial Forest Tree Nursery at St. Williams, Ontario.Spores deposited on the root systems and needles of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) nursery seedlings remained viable and ungerminated for 8 weeks, while the seedlings were kept in shipping bales and storage. Direct infection of seedlings was not observed under these conditions. However, roots of recently cut trees were successfully infected with F. annosus, when basidiospores carried on seedlings were transferred to the surfaces of roots wounded in a planting process.The danger of the spread of Fomes root rot from southern Ontario into northern Ontario is discussed. A delay of 2 to 3 years in replanting cut-over areas is suggested as a possible preventive measure against the introduction of F. annosus with planting stock.

Susceptibility of pine plantations to attack by the pine shoot beetle (Tomicus piniperda) in southern Ontario

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2528-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E Morgan ◽  
Peter de Groot ◽  
Sandy M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tomicus Piniperda ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees

The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was first discovered in North America in 1992, and by the late 1990s it was associated with tree mortality and stand decline throughout southern Ontario. To assess whether this beetle was capable of killing vigorous trees (a primary pest) or would kill only trees already stressed (a secondary pest), we surveyed 43 sites of varying Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) composition. Specifically, our objective was to determine the relationship between tree and site characteristics and the number of stem and shoot attacks by T. piniperda in southern Ontario. An abundance of recently dead and low-vigour pine trees increased susceptibility of sites to stem and shoot attacks by T. piniperda. Significant negative linear relationships were detected between the number of beetle attacks and the mean height, age, diameter at breast height, basal area, canopy cover, duff depth, and radial growth increments. Pure red pine sites had significantly fewer attacks than sites of pure Scots pine and mixed jack pine, which was attributed to differences in tree vigour and forest management. Tomicus piniperda appears to be a secondary bark beetle in southern Ontario, successfully colonizing only recently dead pine trees or trees suffering from stress.

The Pine Weevil, Pissodes approximatus Hopk., in Southern Ontario

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Pine Trees

In recent years there have been marked increases in populations of a pine weevil, Pissodes approximatus Hopk., in southern Ontario, especially in areas where pine trees, particularly Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., are grown in pure stands for the Christmas tree market. In several such areas where large weevil populations have built up in the stumps of the previous year's cutting, damage to remaining trees by adults feeding on the twigs and small branches has been heavy. Not only has the quality and value of the trees been reduced by this damage, but in some instances the trees have been killed (5).

Assessing the short-term impacts of variable retention harvesting (VRH) and climatic drivers on carbon sequestration and growth of a red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantation in southern Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Zugic ◽  
Michael F. J. Pisaric ◽  
Shawn M. McKenzie ◽  
M. Altaf Arain ◽  
William C. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Variable Retention ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
The Impact

<p>Variable retention harvesting (VRH) is a silvicultural management practice that has been utilized to promote biodiversity, growth, and carbon sequestration in managed forests. VRH has been implemented as a climate mitigation strategy in response to increased climate warming and more erratic precipitation patterns which are occurring due to anthropogenic production of greenhouse gases. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of VRH and climate change on the inter-annual growth and carbon sequestration in a 20 ha red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantation forest located in southern Ontario, Canada over a 5-year period (2014-2018). The VRH treatment was implemented in 2014 within twenty, 1-hectare plots, which were subjected to one of four experimental thinning treatment types; 33% and 55% crown retention in an aggregated pattern (33A and 55A, respectively); and 33% and 55% crown retention in a dispersed pattern (33D and 55D, respectively), while four plots were maintained as unharvested control (CN) plots. In each plot, approximately sixty 5 mm increment cores were collected from residual trees during the spring and summer of 2019. These cores were processed for annual incremental growth according to standard dendrochronological methods to identify the climatic drivers on growth. Biomass and carbon sequestration were estimated using a species-specific allometric growth equation to quantify the impact of the different VRH treatments on red pine growth. Results of climate-growth assessments indicate that red pine growth in this region is dependent on maximum temperatures and total precipitation during the summer growing season. These relations were best captured in the May-July standard precipitation evapotranspiration index with a 3-month memory (SPEI3). May to August average maximum temperature and May to June total precipitation are also important drivers of red pine growth in all plots. We found that the dispersed crown retention patterns are the only VRH treatments that result in an increase in post-harvest growth; 8.12 ± 9.83% increase for 33D and 7.52 ± 5.71% increase for 55D. This suggests that dispersed retention may spatially optimize growth for the climatic conditions and be best suited for managing these forests under changing climatic conditions in the future. Aggregated treatments are found to have significantly less growth post-harvest; 33A had an average of 0.34 kg less biomass post-harvest (2.50 ± 1.94% decrease) and 55A had an average of 0.44 kg less biomass post-harvest (6.36 ± 3.82 % decrease). Our control sites showed that post-harvest growth showed an average of 0.56 kg less biomass post-harvest (6.01 ± 3.39% decrease). Within the aggregated treatments, exterior trees demonstrated increased growth, annual biomass accumulation, and carbon sequestration compared to trees growing in the interior of the aggregated plots. Our results suggest that dispersed crown retentions are most optimal when the goal of VRH is to increase growth or carbon sequestration. This research is ultimately important in informing future forest management practices in similar plantation forests across southern Ontario and elsewhere in the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America. </p>

NEW RECORDS AND NOTES OF SALTATORIA (ORTHOPTERA) IN ONTARIO

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
New Records ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Southern Ontario

Oecanthus pini Beutenmuller. Since O. pini is known to range from Massachusetts west to Ohio and south to North Carolina, it is not surprising to find it in extreme southern Ontario. The specimens here recorded were found on white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Sol. and jack pine (Pinus Banksiana Lam.) in an area devoted to reforestation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Variable Retention Harvesting on Growth and Carbon Sequestration of a Red Pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) Plantation Forest in Southern Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica I. Zugic ◽  
Michael F. J. Pisaric ◽  
Shawn M. McKenzie ◽  
William C. Parker ◽  
Ken A. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Retention Level ◽  
Variable Retention ◽  
Dispersed Retention ◽  
Variable Retention Harvesting

As atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations continue to rise and global temperatures increase, there is growing concern about the sustainability, health, and carbon sequestration potential of forest ecosystems. Variable retention harvesting (VRH) has been suggested to be a potential method to increase forest biodiversity, growth, and carbon (C) sequestration. A field trial was established in an 88-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation in southern Ontario, Canada, using a completely randomized design to examine the response of tree productivity and other forest values to five harvesting treatments: 33% aggregate retention (33A), 55% aggregate retention (55A), 33% dispersed retention (33D), and 55% dispersed retention (55D) in comparison to an unharvested control (CN). In this study, we explored the impacts of VRH on aboveground stem radial growth and annual C increment. Standard dendrochronological methods and allometric equations were used to quantify tree- and stand-level treatment effects during a five-year pre-harvest (2009–2013) and post-harvest (2014–2018) period. Tree-level growth and C increment were increased by the dispersed retention pattern regardless of retention level. At the stand level, the total C increment was highest at greater retention levels and did not vary with retention pattern. These results suggest that the choice of retention level and pattern can have a large influence on management objectives as they relate to timber production, climate change adaptation, and/or climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals A red pine provenance test in northwestern Ontario: 48-year results

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A Rahi ◽  
Colin Bowling ◽  
Dale Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Provenance Test

Survival, total height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured in the fall of 2005 in a 48-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) provenance trial growing in northwestern Ontario. There was significant variation in both height and diameter among the 23 provenances. Generally, westerly provenances performed well while those from the Maritime Provinces exhibited relatively poor growth. Considering that the plantation is at the northern biological range of red pine, survival was high, averaging 96% after 48 years. Provenances with the best growth rates exceeded a volume of 420 m3 ha-1. Some provenances from Minnesota and Wisconsin as well as Fort Frances, Ontario exhibited superior growth and should be considered as seed sources for future planting programs in northwestern Ontario. Key words: red pine, provenance test, survival, diameter, height, volume, Northwestern Ontario

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