ON THE SPREAD OF FOMES ANNOSUS (FR.) CKE.

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
And Storage

Basidiospores of Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. were found to be wind-dispersed and to be deposited on soil, seedlings, tools, and other objects in the fields of the Provincial Forest Tree Nursery at St. Williams, Ontario.Spores deposited on the root systems and needles of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) nursery seedlings remained viable and ungerminated for 8 weeks, while the seedlings were kept in shipping bales and storage. Direct infection of seedlings was not observed under these conditions. However, roots of recently cut trees were successfully infected with F. annosus, when basidiospores carried on seedlings were transferred to the surfaces of roots wounded in a planting process.The danger of the spread of Fomes root rot from southern Ontario into northern Ontario is discussed. A delay of 2 to 3 years in replanting cut-over areas is suggested as a possible preventive measure against the introduction of F. annosus with planting stock.

scholarly journals Armillaria Root Rot Damage in Softwood Plantations in Ontario

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Armillaria Root Rot ◽  
Annual Mortality

Armillaria root rot. caused most likely by Armillaria obscura (Pers) Herink, killed 6-to 21-year-old white spruce, black spruce, jack pine and red pine saplings in each of 49 plantations examined in northern Ontario. Annual mortality in the four species over the last 2 to 6 years averaged 1.4%, 1.5%, 0.5% and 0.2%, respectively. In all but one of 25 white spruce and red pine plantations (43 to 58 years old) in eastern and southern Ontario. Armillaria root rot was associated with mortality. Accumulated mortality in white spruce and red pine (initially recorded in 1978) averaged 7.6% and 11.7%, respectively, as of 1986. Current annual mortality for all plantations ranged from 0% to 16%. Key words: root rot. Armillaria obscura, white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, red pine.

The Biology and Behaviour of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), in Southern Ontario I. Adult

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1098-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Pointing
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Accidental Introduction ◽  
Pine Species

The European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), has been recognized as a pest of pine plantations since it was described in 1776. Neugebauer (1952) stated that 32 susceptible pine species were known and that scarcely any species were rejected by the insect. Following its accidental introduction into North America about 50 years ago (Busck, 1914) the shoot moth became a serious pest of red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait., which appears to be the most susceptible species (Heikkenen and Miller, 1959). Watson (1947) described the shoot moth as “the most destructive insect affecting hard pines in southern Ontario, and the most difficult to control”. Plantations have been damaged so severely that the planting of red pine has been virtually discontinued within the pest's range.

Spotgun-Applied Hexazinone: Release of Red Pine (Pinus resinosa) from Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Competition and Residue Persistence in Soil

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Prasad ◽  
Joseph C. Feng
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Loam Soil

Weed control and red pine release by spotgun-applied hexazinone in a northern Ontario plantation were evaluated 3 yr after treatment, while hexazinone residues and lateral movement in the sandy loam soil were determined 1 yr after treatment. Hexazinone, grid pattern spot applied at 480 mg ai/spot, approximating 1.6 kg ai/ha, resulted in 88% quaking aspen stem dieback and variable suppression of white birch and pin cherry. The height and basal diam of treated red pine were 131 and 150% of control, respectively, after 3 yr. Hexazinone residues were reduced to 1% at the treated spot and did not move laterally beyond 0.5 m, 1 yr after treatment. Detection of small amounts of metabolites A and B (0.2 and 0.3%) indicated the non-cumulative degradation of hexazinone in soils.

Parasites of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), in Ontario

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Watson ◽  
A. P. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
The West ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Important Pest

The European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), was introduced accidentally into Ontario about 1925, and has since spread throughout the southwestern part of the province south of a line from the south shores of Georgian Bay on the west to Brockville on the east (Fig. 1). Damage to the host is done by the larvae, the feeding of which results in the deformation of the branches and main stems, reducing the potential value of the trees as timber and, in heavy infestations, making young trees unsuitable for the Christmas tree trade. Several species of exotic and native pines are attacked; red pine, Pinus resinosa hit,, Scots pine. P. sylvestris L., and Mugho pine, P. mugho Turra, being the most susceptible. Because of the extensive planting of Scots and red pine in southern Ontario, especially during the last 25 years, the increasing numbers of European pine shoot moth in this area present a problem of great importance. Contributing to an understanding of this important pest, this paper presents a detailed review of the parasites obtained in Ontario since 1954, with some notes on earlier surveys.

Assessing the short-term impacts of variable retention harvesting (VRH) and climatic drivers on carbon sequestration and growth of a red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantation in southern Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Zugic ◽  
Michael F. J. Pisaric ◽  
Shawn M. McKenzie ◽  
M. Altaf Arain ◽  
William C. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Variable Retention ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
The Impact

<p>Variable retention harvesting (VRH) is a silvicultural management practice that has been utilized to promote biodiversity, growth, and carbon sequestration in managed forests. VRH has been implemented as a climate mitigation strategy in response to increased climate warming and more erratic precipitation patterns which are occurring due to anthropogenic production of greenhouse gases. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of VRH and climate change on the inter-annual growth and carbon sequestration in a 20 ha red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantation forest located in southern Ontario, Canada over a 5-year period (2014-2018). The VRH treatment was implemented in 2014 within twenty, 1-hectare plots, which were subjected to one of four experimental thinning treatment types; 33% and 55% crown retention in an aggregated pattern (33A and 55A, respectively); and 33% and 55% crown retention in a dispersed pattern (33D and 55D, respectively), while four plots were maintained as unharvested control (CN) plots. In each plot, approximately sixty 5 mm increment cores were collected from residual trees during the spring and summer of 2019. These cores were processed for annual incremental growth according to standard dendrochronological methods to identify the climatic drivers on growth. Biomass and carbon sequestration were estimated using a species-specific allometric growth equation to quantify the impact of the different VRH treatments on red pine growth. Results of climate-growth assessments indicate that red pine growth in this region is dependent on maximum temperatures and total precipitation during the summer growing season. These relations were best captured in the May-July standard precipitation evapotranspiration index with a 3-month memory (SPEI3). May to August average maximum temperature and May to June total precipitation are also important drivers of red pine growth in all plots. We found that the dispersed crown retention patterns are the only VRH treatments that result in an increase in post-harvest growth; 8.12 ± 9.83% increase for 33D and 7.52 ± 5.71% increase for 55D. This suggests that dispersed retention may spatially optimize growth for the climatic conditions and be best suited for managing these forests under changing climatic conditions in the future. Aggregated treatments are found to have significantly less growth post-harvest; 33A had an average of 0.34 kg less biomass post-harvest (2.50 ± 1.94% decrease) and 55A had an average of 0.44 kg less biomass post-harvest (6.36 ± 3.82 % decrease). Our control sites showed that post-harvest growth showed an average of 0.56 kg less biomass post-harvest (6.01 ± 3.39% decrease). Within the aggregated treatments, exterior trees demonstrated increased growth, annual biomass accumulation, and carbon sequestration compared to trees growing in the interior of the aggregated plots. Our results suggest that dispersed crown retentions are most optimal when the goal of VRH is to increase growth or carbon sequestration. This research is ultimately important in informing future forest management practices in similar plantation forests across southern Ontario and elsewhere in the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America. </p>

NEW RECORDS AND NOTES OF SALTATORIA (ORTHOPTERA) IN ONTARIO

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
New Records ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Southern Ontario

Oecanthus pini Beutenmuller. Since O. pini is known to range from Massachusetts west to Ohio and south to North Carolina, it is not surprising to find it in extreme southern Ontario. The specimens here recorded were found on white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Sol. and jack pine (Pinus Banksiana Lam.) in an area devoted to reforestation.

Influence of Host Tree on Abundance of Itoplectis conquisitor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a Polyphagous Parasite of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Southern Ontario

The larvae of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), feed on several species of hard pines, of which the most economically important are red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait., and Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L. Approximately one hundred million trees of each species mere planted in southern Ontario since 1905, most of them since 1925. Many pure and mixed stands are now infested by R. buoliana which has no apparent preference for either host tree.

Root-rotting fungi associated with mortality of conifer saplings in northern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy D. Whitney ◽  
Donald T. Myren
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Northern Ontario

The roots of 435 dead or dying saplings, averaging 10 years of age, of seven conifer species from the Boreal Forest of northern Ontario were examined for root rot. Only trees with no obvious cause of death or decline, other than root rot, were selected. Eighty-three percent of the trees had root rot. Cultures revealed that Armillariamellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Kummer was associated with root rot in 68% of all trees examined, including more than 45% of the trees in each species. Ten other root-rotting fungi were isolated from 1% or fewer of the trees, 7 of them from balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea [L.] Mill.) and 3 from black spruce (Piceamariana [Mill.] B.S.P.). Scytinostromagalactinum (Fr.) Donk was isolated from sapwood of roots and lower stems of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.), balsam fir, white pine (P. strobes L.), and black spruce and appeared to be parasitic on these species. Coniophoraputeana (Schum. ex Fr.) Karst. was apparently associated with the death of one balsam fir.

scholarly journals The Impact of Variable Retention Harvesting on Growth and Carbon Sequestration of a Red Pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) Plantation Forest in Southern Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica I. Zugic ◽  
Michael F. J. Pisaric ◽  
Shawn M. McKenzie ◽  
William C. Parker ◽  
Ken A. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Retention Level ◽  
Variable Retention ◽  
Dispersed Retention ◽  
Variable Retention Harvesting

As atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations continue to rise and global temperatures increase, there is growing concern about the sustainability, health, and carbon sequestration potential of forest ecosystems. Variable retention harvesting (VRH) has been suggested to be a potential method to increase forest biodiversity, growth, and carbon (C) sequestration. A field trial was established in an 88-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation in southern Ontario, Canada, using a completely randomized design to examine the response of tree productivity and other forest values to five harvesting treatments: 33% aggregate retention (33A), 55% aggregate retention (55A), 33% dispersed retention (33D), and 55% dispersed retention (55D) in comparison to an unharvested control (CN). In this study, we explored the impacts of VRH on aboveground stem radial growth and annual C increment. Standard dendrochronological methods and allometric equations were used to quantify tree- and stand-level treatment effects during a five-year pre-harvest (2009–2013) and post-harvest (2014–2018) period. Tree-level growth and C increment were increased by the dispersed retention pattern regardless of retention level. At the stand level, the total C increment was highest at greater retention levels and did not vary with retention pattern. These results suggest that the choice of retention level and pattern can have a large influence on management objectives as they relate to timber production, climate change adaptation, and/or climate change mitigation.

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