Life History and Habits of the Green Spruce Leaf Miner, Epinotia nanana (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Daviault ◽  
R. Ducharme
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
One Year ◽  
Heavy Mortality

AbstractEpinotia nanana (Tr.) has become increasingly important in recent years in Quebec as it has caused severe defoliation of ornamental spruce trees in the Berthierville area, Quebec. The insect has a one-year life cycle and overwinters in the larval stage, mainly in the fifth instar, in a mined needle. Damage is most noticeable in the spring. Fairly heavy mortality, probably due to unfavourable climatic conditions, occurs among overwintering larvae. The amount of control exerted by parasites is always low.

scholarly journals A contribution to the study of biology of Curculio elephas Gyll. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

2011 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Milan Drekic ◽  
Ljubodrag Mihajlovic
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
One Year ◽  
Entomological Laboratory ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Curculio Elephas

One of the insects that feeds on pedunculate oak acorns and reduces its seed yield is Curculio elephas Gyll. The study of Curculio elephas Gyll is necessary because of the severe damages caused by this insect and also owing to its insufficiently investigated biology. The research was conducted in the common oak seed orchard at Banov Brod, forest estate ?Sremska Mitrovica?, and in the entomological laboratory. The adults emerge from the soil chambers from mid July till the beginning of September. The presence of adults, as determined by crown fogging, ranged from the end of July till the beginning of September with the highest number in mid August. After emerging from the soil, females are already fertile with the developed eggs in the ovaries. They start egg laying after 1 to 8 days and they lay from one to seven eggs per day. Egg laying period lasts from 7 to 20 days. Fertility of C. elephas females ranges from 5 to 40 eggs, while their fecundity ranges from 19 to 45 eggs. At the end of the larval stage, larvae bore into the soil and stay there from one to three years. The species hibernates only in the larval stage. C. elephas has a one-year life cycle, while a minor part of the population has a two or three-year life cycle.

THE ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY OF RETUSA OBTUSA (MONTAGU) (GASTROPODA, OPISTHOBRANCHIA)

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tyrell Smith
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Span ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Protandrous Hermaphrodite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time

The habitat, diet, life history, and reproductive cycle of Retusa obtusa were investigated over a period of [Formula: see text] years in a population found in the Inner Harbour at Barry, Glamorgan, U.K. A technique was devised for extracting Retusa from the mud of this area. R. obtusa occurs in the topmost 3.5 cm of fine mud covering Barry harbor, which is immersed by the sea for only a short time at each high tide. The principal prey was found to be Hydrobia ulvae.The life cycle was found to be annual, the adults dying in spring, following the natural breeding season. Occasionally, a short extra breeding period occurs in the fall. The life span in no case greatly exceeded one year. Retusa is a protandrous hermaphrodite, and copulates in the fall. The eggs mature through the late fall and the winter, a few at a time, until oviposition occurs in the spring. The average number of eggs produced per individual was 33, deposited in 1–4 egg batches. Development is direct.

THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE CARROT WEEVIL, LISTRONOTUS OREGONENSIS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 931-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Martel ◽  
H. J. Svec ◽  
C. R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Listronotus Oregonensis ◽  
Carrot Weevil

AbstractLaboratory studies on the biology of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), were performed at 21° and 27 °C. At 21 °C females laid eggs for 88 days on carrot slices and 94 days on foliage. Egg production per female averaged 156 and 175 on slices and leaves respectively. Eggs hatched after 8.3 days incubation and the larval stage comprising four instars was completed in 19.1 days. The prepupal and pupal stages lasted 3.7 and 9.4 days respectively. The complete life cycle including an average preoviposition period of 17 days was 57.6 days. Development was more rapid at 27 °C, with the complete life cycle taking only 37 days.

Natural Enemies of Sirex cyaneus, Fabr., in England and their Life-history

1928 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Chrystal ◽  
J. G. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Host Larva ◽  
Young Larva ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
One Year ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Rhyssa persuasoria and Ibalia leucospoides, both parasitic on Sirex cyaneus, have been studied at Oxford.Rhyssa lays its eggs in the burrow of and near to the almost or quite full-fed host larva or the pupa, by piercing the solid wood with itsovipositor. Feeding is entirely ectoparasitic and takes only a few weeks, during which the host larva may burrow a little further. The winter is passed by Rhyssa as a resting larva. Pupation takes place in the spring, and the whole life-cycle normally occupies one year.Ibalia oviposits in the young larva just before ormore rarely just after hatching, utilising the oviposition-bores of the Sirex for this purpose. The first-stage larva is elongate, with sickle-shaped mandibles, and larval feeding seems wholly endoparasitic. Sirex larvae parasitised by Ibalia confine their boring largely to the outer portions of the trunk, and usually make their final cell just under and approximately parallel to the surface. The life-cycle of Ibalia requires at least two years.Owing to the very different instars which they attack, there seems no risk of superparasitism of Ibalia by Rhyssa or vice versa, and it is therefore suggested that both species be introduced into New Zealand as a measure against Sirex juvencus, which is there very destructive to plantations of Pinus radiata.

LIFE HISTORY OF THE FUNGUS GNAT MACROCERA NOBILIS IN AMERICAN CAVES (DIPTERA: MYCETOPHILIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1235-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart B. Peck ◽  
Donald R. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Insect Prey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fungus Gnat ◽  
Life Cycle Development

AbstractThe mycetophilid Macrocera nobilis Johnson, previously known only from forests in New Hampshire and Massachusetts, is here reported from caves in Oklahoma, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia. A study of populations in Oklahoma shows that the short-lived adults mate in cave entrances, but that oviposition, larval development, and pupation occur only in the dark zone of caves. The larvae build extensive webs upon which they travel and which they use to capture insect prey (mostly other Diptera). Reproduction and life cycle development is not seasonal. The larval stage lasts 9 or 10 months, and the pupal stage about 2 weeks.

scholarly journals Life History Phenology and Sediment Size Association of the Dragonfly Cordulegaster dorsalis (Odonata: Cordulegastridae) in an Ephemeral Habitat in Southwestern British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie B. Marczak ◽  
John S. Richardson ◽  
Marie-Claire Classen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
Ephemeral Habitat ◽  
Organic Sediments ◽  
One Year

The life cycle of the dragonfly Cordulegaster dorsalis was studied over one year by systematic sampling of larvae in three intermittent headwater streams in southwestern British Columbia. We determined that larvae normally take three years to reach maturity, emerging throughout July and August. There is limited evidence suggesting a split cohort development, with early emergence after two years. Additionally, we tested whether larval instars were distributed randomly or if they occupied different sediment microhabitats. Smaller animals tend to be associated with smaller grained organic sediments, although there was high variation between the streams.

scholarly journals Abundance, Life History and Ligulosis in the Gobies (Teleostei) of the Inner Severn Estuary

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Claridge ◽  
M. W. Hardisty ◽  
I. C. Potter ◽  
C. V. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Severn Estuary ◽  
Pomatoschistus Minutus ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
One Year ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Eight species of the Gobiidae were recorded in weekly samples taken between July 1972 and June 1977 from the intake screens of Oldbury Power Station in the inner Severn Estuary. Buenia jeffreysii, Aphia minuta, Gobius paganellus and Gobius niger occurred infrequently and Crystallogobius linearis was only common in the late spring and summer of 1975 and 1976. Pomatoschistus microps, which peaked in numbers in the winter, increased in abundance each year between 1972 and 1977. The most numerous gobies were those belonging to the Pomatoschistus minutus complex which were separated into P. minutus and P. lozanoi only between June 1974 and July 1975. Seasonal trends in the abundance of these two species were similar, with elevated numbers occurring between July and September 1974 and in January 1975. Gonadosomatic indices and other data indicate that the decline in numbers after the latter month represented an emigration to spawning areas further down the estuary or in the Bristol Channel. Although P. minutus attained a larger body size than P. lozanoi, both these species and P. microps typically had a one year life cycle with only a small number of individuals surviving for a further few months. The fecundity of P. lozanoi, which ranged from 410–2453 (mean 1270), was lower than that reported for P. minutus in this and other studies. Analysis of stomach contents showed that the diet of both species was similar, consisting predominantly of gammarids and mysids. While both species were infected with Ligula intestinalis, the incidence of infection and the parasite index was greater in P. lozanoi than in P. minutus.

scholarly journals THE LIFE HISTORY OF "DIAPREPES ABBREVIATUS" L., AT RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
George N. Wolcott
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Diaprepes Abbreviatus ◽  
Full Size ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Pupal Chamber

1. The females of Diaprepes abbreviatus L. lay 5,000 or more (or less) eggs in as few as two months, May and June, or in as many as seven months at other times of the year, often living over twice as long as do the males after emergence from the soil. 2. The incubation period of all eggs is seven days. Larvae attain full size in two to four months. A diapause period is absolutely essential before pupation. The pupal period is about two weeks. Fully-formed adults remain within the pupal chamber for a variable period of weeks or months, the length of this period and that of the diapause period of the larva being subject to great variation. 3. The great variation in the duration of the diapause period of the larva and before the emergence of the adult from the pupal cell in the ground permits some individuals to complete their life-cycle (hatch ing of eggs to first egg-cluster laid by female, or to emergence of male from soil) in less than eight months, but for other individuals it may extend for eighteen months (hatching of egg to last egg-cluster laid by female, or to death of male). 4. Deviation from a one-year life-cycle is of tremendous value to Diaprepes abbreviatus L. in enabling its eggs to escape attack by a common parasitic wasp, Tetrastichus haitiensis Gahan, which is most abundant during the late spring, but very scarce during autumn and winter.

scholarly journals Life history of Kermes quercus (LINNAEUS) (Hemiptera: Kermesidae) in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Podsiadło
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Year ◽  
New Generation

ABSTRACT This research complements the results of a study of the life cycle of Kermes quercus (L.) performed in Poland in 2008-2009. The latest observations were carried out in 2010 from the beginning of March until the end of November. They showed that K. quercus overwintered as 2nd-instar nymphs. These developed into adults at the beginning of May. Reproduction began at the beginning of June. The 1st-instar nymphs of the new generation appeared in mid-June. They then developed for about 5 months, after which they entered the winter diapause. All the observations, carried out in 2008-2010, showed that, under the climatic conditions of Poland, K. quercus is not a univoltine species. One generation develops over two years. In the first year it overwinters as 1st-instar nymphs and in the second year as 2nd-instar nymphs.

Assessment of the suitablity of Plagihammus spinipennis (Thoms.) (Col., Cerambycidae) as an agent for control of weeds of the genus Lantana (Verbenaceae). I. Life-history and capacity to damage L. camara in Hawaii

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. S. Harley
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
South America ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
One Year

Plagiohammus spinipennis (Thorns.), a native of areas of Central and South America where rainfall exceeds 50 in. per annum, has been imported into Hawaii and Australia for the control of Lantana camara. The larvae girdle a stem of the host-plant and then tunnel extensively in the xylem tissues. In Hawaii multiple infestation of stems over 0-5 in. in thickness was found to be usual. Most attacks were within 25 in. of the ground and stems were killed or so severely weakened that they readily broke off, reducing tall plants to mutilated stumps eventually bearing small regrowth shoots. The life-cycle normally lasts one year.An annual rainfall of at least 50 in. appears to be necessary for the development of large populations, and the amount that falls before and during the oviposition period influences larval survival. It is concluded that the insect should be very useful as a biological control agent for L. camara.

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