Characterization of two non-native invasive bark beetles, Scolytus schevyrewi and Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Johnson ◽  
Jane L. Hayes ◽  
John Rinehart ◽  
Walter S. Sheppard ◽  
Steven E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Scolytus Multistriatus ◽  
Blind Test ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Elm Bark Beetle

AbstractScolytus schevyrewi Semenov, the banded elm bark beetle, and S. multistriatus Marsham, the smaller European elm bark beetle, are morphologically similar. Reliance on adult external morphological characters for identification can be problematic because of wide within-species variability and the need for good-quality specimens. The inability to identify developmental stages can also hamper early-detection programs. Using two character identification systems, genitalic (aedeagus) morphology, and DNA markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR)) to distinguish S. schevyrewi from S. multistriatus, we examined specimens from geographically distinct populations of both species collected from infested host trees or semiochemical-baited funnel traps. We found that aedeagus morphology can be used to identify the two species. The use of two oligonucleotide primers in the RAPD-PCR analysis yielded distinct DNA banding patterns for the two species. Species identification using RAPD-PCR analysis was validated by a blind test and used to make species identifications of larval specimens. These tools improve the ability to differentiate between S. schevyrewi and S. multistriatus at immature and adult stages, and could be developed and used for other scolytines as well.

TRAPPING ELM BARK BEETLES IN THE CITY OF WINNIPEG, WITH A NEW RECORD FOR SCOLYTUS MULTISTRIATUS, (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN MANITOBA

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Buth ◽  
R. A. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Scolytus Multistriatus ◽  
South Central ◽  
Elm Bark Beetle ◽  
Primary Vector ◽  
Hylurgopinus Rufipes ◽  
The City

The first outbreak of Dutch elm disease in Manitoba was recorded in 1975 in Brandon, Selkirk, and Winnipeg (Hildahl 1977). The primary vector of the disease in Canada is the native elm bark beetle, Hylurgopinus rufipes (Eichh.). The smaller European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.), is considered the primary vector in most of the United States. In Canada, the latter species occurs throughout most of southern Ontario, parts of south-central Quebec, and has been recorded in New Bmnswick (Sterner et al. 1976).

scholarly journals The change in the structure of hydrogen bonds in elm wood due to damage by European elm bark beetle Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.И. ИВАНОВА ◽  
В.И. ИВАНОВ-ОМСКИЙ ◽  
И.А. ДАВЫДОВА ◽  
Е.В. ГРИНЕНКО ◽  
Л.Л. ЛЕОНТЬЕВ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Scolytus Multistriatus ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
European Elm Bark Beetle ◽  
Elm Bark Beetle

Водородная связь (Н-связь) обеспечивает необходимую гибкость и устойчивость биологических систем, в том числе древесины. Для исследования энергии и концентрации Н-связей в древесине возможно применение ИК-спектроскопии. В этом случае судить о природе гидроксильных групп можно опираясь на величины длин и энергий Н-связей, известных для водородных связей в целлюлозе, лигнине и других компонентах древесины, которые были исследованы ранее [Иванов-Омский и др., 2017; Иванова и др., 2016]. Особенный интерес представляет решение задачи об изменении прочности и иных свойств древесины при отмирании дерева в случае повреждения биологическими агентами. В данном исследовании поставлена задача – исследовать влияние повреждений короедов на структуру водородных связей древесины. Объектом исследования выбран вяз Ulmusglabra Huds, заселённый струйчатым заболонником. Этот короед является вектором распространения голландской болезни ильмовых в Санкт-Петербурге. Срезы для спектрального анализа взяты с поверхности заболони вяза, заселённого короедом. Полученные результаты показали, что на повреждённых заболонником участках происходит разрушение наиболее сильной межмолекулярной связи, обеспечивающей соединение молекул целлюлозы и, соответственно, прочность ствола. Увеличивается и концентрация внутримолекулярных связей, что может означать принципиальные изменения в водном обмене клеток древесины, связанные с разрушением аквапоринов. Это явление может быть связано с ответной реакцией вяза на нарушение движения растворов по сосудам при механическом разрушении древесины во время питания короедов и/или попаданием ферментов их слюнных желёз, амилазы или других карбогидраз. Не исключено попадание в древесину и других ферментов, например продуцируемых симбионтами короедов. Hydrogen bond (H-bond) provides the necessary flexibility and stability of biological systems, including wood. It is possible to use Infrared spectroscopy to study the energy and concentration of H-bonds in wood. In this case, it is possible to assess the nature of the hydroxyl groups based on the lengths and energies of H-bonds, known for hydrogen bonds in cellulose, lignin and other wood components, which had been studied earlier [Ivanov-Omskiy et al., 2017; Ivanova et al., 2016]. Of special interest is the solution of the problem of changing the strength and other properties of wood when the tree dies in case of damage by biological agents. In this paper, the task was to study the effect of damage by bark beetles on the structure of hydrogen bonds of wood. The object of research was elm Ulmus glabra Huds infested by the European elm bark beetle Scolytus multistriatus. This bark beetle is the vector of Dutch elm disease in St. Petersburg. Sections for spectral analysis are taken from the surface of the elm sapwood inhabited by bark beetle. The obtained results showed that on the sites damaged by the sapwood, the strongest intermolecular bond (which binds the cellulose molecules together and ensures the strength of the trunk) breaks down. The concentration of intramolecular bonds also increases. This means a fundamental change in the water metabolism of wood cells, associated with the destruction of aquaporins. This phenomenon may be related to the response of the elm to the violation of the movement of solutions through vessels during mechanical destruction of wood during the feeding of bark beetles and/or the ingestion of enzymes from their salivary glands, amylase or other carbohydrases. It is also possible that other enzymes (such as those produced by the beetles’ symbionts) come into contact with wood.

Scolytus multistriatus. [Distribution map].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Scolytus Multistriatus ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Elm Bark Beetle ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) (Col., Scolytidae) (Smaller Elm Bark-beetle) (A vector of Dutch elm disease). Host Plants: Ulmus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excl. USSR), Austria, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, ASIA (excl. USSR), Iran, USSR, AFRICA, Algeria, Egypt, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, U.S.A.

scholarly journals Application of molecular methods for characterization of Botrytis fabae and Botrytis cinerea of faba bean

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
N.M. Abou-Zeid ◽  
I.H. Dorriah ◽  
A.A. Marwa
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Conidial Morphology ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Botrytis Fabae

Application of the RAPD methods allowed to clearly characterization of isolates of Botrytis fabae and isolates of B. cinerea. Results from RAPD-PCR analysis indicate different groups. Clusters were related with groups based on conidial morphology, morphological characters of the isolates of Botrytis spp.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Pierce's Disease Strains and Other Pathotypes of Xylella fastidiosa

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 895-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavis Hendson ◽  
Alexander H. Purcell ◽  
Deqiao Chen ◽  
Chris Smart ◽  
Magalie Guilhabert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Rapd Pcr

ABSTRACT Strains of Xylella fastidiosa isolated from grape, almond, maple, and oleander were characterized by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-, repetitive extragenic palindromic element (REP)-, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR; contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis; plasmid content; and sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region. Combining methods gave greater resolution of strain groupings than any single method. Strains isolated from grape with Pierce's disease (PD) from California, Florida, and Georgia showed greater than previously reported genetic variability, including plasmid contents, but formed a cluster based on analysis of RAPD-PCR products,NotI and SpeI genomic DNA fingerprints, and 16S-23S rRNA spacer region sequence. Two groupings of almond leaf scorch (ALS) strains were distinguished by RAPD-PCR and CHEF gel electrophoresis, but some ALS isolates were clustered within the PD group. RAPD-PCR, CHEF gel electrophoresis, and 16S-23S rRNA sequence analysis produced the same groupings of strains, with RAPD-PCR resolving the greatest genetic differences. Oleander strains, phony peach disease (PP), and oak leaf scorch (OLS) strains were distinct from other strains. DNA profiles constructed by REP-PCR analysis were the same or very similar among all grape strains and most almond strains but different among some almond strains and all other strains tested. Eight of 12 ALS strains and 4 of 14 PD strains of X. fastidiosa isolated in California contained plasmids. All oleander strains carried the same-sized plasmid; all OLS strains carried the same-sized plasmid. A plum leaf scald strain contained three plasmids, two of which were the same sizes as those found in PP strains. These findings support a division of X. fastidiosaat the subspecies or pathovar level.

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