Elucidating pheromone and host volatile components attractive to the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in eastern Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Ryall ◽  
P. Silk ◽  
G.S. Thurston ◽  
T.A. Scarr ◽  
P. de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Host Volatiles ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractFrontalin, seudenol, and a spruce terpene blend are key components of a lure for monitoring spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in eastern Canada, catching the highest number of beetles in several field trials. The standard two-component commercial lure for this species, developed from populations in western North America and composed of 95%:5% (±)-α-pinene and frontalin, failed to elicit attraction to traps in Atlantic Canada; thus a series of trapping experiments were conducted to identify an improved combination of pheromone and host volatiles for this region. Analysis of volatiles from D. rufipennis collected from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, Canada detected seudenol as an additional female-produced component. Laboratory analysis of the eastern host (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; Pinaceae) detected the presence of 75%:25% (±)-α-pinene; however, a two-component lure comprised of 75%:25% (±)-α-pinene and frontalin caught no more beetles than an unbaited control. Frontalin and seudenol alone or spruce terpene blend and ethanol alone typically had among the lowest trap catches, but when combined they caught the highest numbers of D. rufipennis, supporting the hypothesis that host volatiles synergise attraction to pheromones. Our results highlight the importance of geographic variation in the response to pheromones and kairomones in this bark beetle.

Two species in the Ceratocystis coerulescens complex from conifers in western North America

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Wingfield ◽  
Thomas C. Harrington ◽  
Halvor Solheim
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
The North ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
High Degree

Two species of Ceratocystis are described from western North America. Ceratocystis rufipenni Wingfield, Harrington, & Solheim is associated with the North American spruce bark beetle Dendroctonus rufipennis infesting both Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in British Columbia. This fungus is a primary component of the bark beetle mycota and has a relatively high degree of virulence to Engelmann spruce. Ceratocystis douglasii (Davidson) Wingfield & Harrington was previously described as Endoconidiophora coerulescens f. douglasii. It is common on Douglas-fir lumber in western North America where it causes blue stain. Both fungi grow optimally at low temperatures and produce perithecia only after extended incubation under refrigeration. Ceratocystis rufipenni produces conidiophores mostly in association with perithecia, whereas conidia and conidiophores of C. douglasii are produced abundantly on wood and agar. Key words: Ceratocystis, Chalara, Dendroctonus, Ophiostoma, bark beetle – fungus interactions, symbiosis.

FRONTALIN ATTRACTANT IN STANDS INFESTED BY THE SPRUCE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. A. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Spruce Beetle

AbstractField trials of the synthetic bark-beetle pheromone frontalin demonstrated that lines of single, baited spruce trees, in or near Dendroctonus rufipennis infestations, resulted in concentrated beetle attacks on trees in a strip 2 chains (40 m) wide on either side of the lines of baited trees. Pre-flight insecticide (Lindane) application killed the beetles and prevented tree mortality. Post-attack arboricide (Silvisar) treatment killed most parent beetles and brood under the bark. A predator, Thanasimus undatulus, also was aggregated at frontalin-baited trees. This application of pheromone shows promise of becoming a forest management tool to concentrate beetle attacks in partly infested stands prior to logging.

Co-baiting for spruce beetles, Dendroctonus rufipennis, and western balsam bark beetles, Dryocoetes confusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E Greenwood ◽  
John H Borden
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Dryocoetes Confusus ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Spruce Beetle

Co-baiting to contain and concentrate the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), and the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine, was investigated at four locations in British Columbia. Two 9-ha areas were established at each location; one was baited and the other left as a control. Single "interior firs," Abies bifolia A. Murray × Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., or groups of two or three trees, were baited with (±)-exo-brevicomin released at 1.0 mg/24 h. "Interior spruces," Picea engelmannii Engelm. ex Parry × Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, were baited with frontalin released at 0.1, 0.6, or 2.5 mg/24 h, or at 0.6 mg/24 h with alpha-pinene, ethanol, or ethyl crotonate. Another experiment investigated possible interspecific interference between D. confusus and D. rufipennis baits. Ratios of currently attacked "green" trees to previously attacked "red" trees for both insects were significantly higher in baited than in control areas, indicating that populations were contained. Baiting, however, did not attract either insect from a zone surrounding each baited area. There was a significant increase in D. confusus attack when two trees instead of one were baited per centre, no increase in D. rufipennis attack when frontalin was released alone or with the potential adjuvants, no effect of frontalin release rates on the percentage of trees attacked by D. rufipennis, and no indication of cross-repellency between baits.

AGGREGATION OF SPRUCE BEETLES (COLEOPTERA) TO SEUDENOL AND REPRESSION OF ATTRACTION BY METHYLCYCLOHEXENONE IN ALASKA

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 1297-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm M. Furniss ◽  
Bruce H. Baker ◽  
Bruce B. Hostetler
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Repressive Effect ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Synthetic Attractant ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn tests conducted on the Kenai National Moose Range, Alaska, seudenol and α-pinene attracted more spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) than did frontalin and α-pinene, the best previously reported synthetic attractant. Addition of methylcyclohexenone (MCH) to sticky traps baited with spruce logs (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss.) infested with 20 female spruce beetles or to traps treated with seudenol and α-pinene reduced the number of spruce beetles caught by 87% and 99%, respectively. MCH appears to have similar repressive effect on the attraction of spruce beetle populations that differ in their geographic locations and hosts. A total of 179 other scolytids, representing 8 genera and 10 species, were caught by traps; greatest numbers were attracted to treatments containing trans-verbenol and uninfested spruce log sections. Scierus pubescens (Swaine) was recorded from Alaska for the first time. No members of Thanasimus species were caught although they have been consistently present in abundance in similar tests elsewhere.

EMERGENCE OF DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FROM BURIED LOGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-541
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
D.A. Linton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Logging Residue ◽  
Wet Climate

The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), causes periodic, widespread mortality of mature spruce (Picea spp.) in western North America (Massey and Wygant 1954; Schmid and Frye 1977). In British Columbia, logging of infested stands and felling of trap trees are the commonly recommended methods for preventing or suppressing spruce beetle outbreaks. Implicit in these methods is the requirement of treating infested logging residue, and removal for processing of trap trees after the attack period of the spruce beetle. The usual treatment for infested logging residue, prescribed burning, is difficult to carry out in most years because of the generally wet climate of spruce forests during the growing season and the fall period. The forest industry questioned whether burying infested logging residue would be effective in preventing emergence by the spruce beetle. The work described herein addressed this question.

scholarly journals Exploiting Thrips Aggregation Pheromones to Develop a Lure-and-Kill Strategy for the Management of the Bean Flower Thrips

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
David K. Mfuti ◽  
Amanuel Tamiru ◽  
William D. J. Kirk ◽  
Adeyemi O. Akinyemi ◽  
Heather Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Megalurothrips Sjostedti ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Management Alternative ◽  
Trap Catches

The potential of semiochemicals to lure insect pests to a trap where they can be killed with biopesticides has been demonstrated as an eco-friendly pest management alternative. In this study, we tested two recently characterized male-produced aggregation pheromones of the bean flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), namely (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate (major) and (R)-lavandulol (minor), for their field efficacy. Moreover, compatibility of these pheromones and two other thrips attractants, Lurem-TR and neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, with the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 69 has been determined. Our study revealed that the M. sjostedti aggregation pheromones have dose-dependent antifungal effects on the EPF viability, but showed no fungistatic effect at a field-realistic dose for attraction of thrips. (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate had similar antifungal effects as neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate 8 days after exposure; whereas, Lurem-TR had a stronger antifungal effect than other thrips attractants. In the semi-field experiments, all autoinoculation devices maintained at least 86% viability of M. anisopliae conidia after 12 days of exposure. Field trials demonstrated for the first time that (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate increases trap catches. Our findings pave a way for designing a lure-and-kill thrips management strategy to control bean flower thrips using autoinoculation devices or spot spray application.

CHEMOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS PICEA (PINACEAE): II. THE LEAF OIL OF PICEA GLAUCA AND P. MARIANA

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1703-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Ecological Differences

The leaf oils from white and black spruce obtained from different locations in Western and Eastern Canada, Michigan, and Minnesota, have been analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Both species were found to have a remarkably consistent and distinctive distribution pattern of the leaf oil terpenes. The quantitative variations encountered in samples of the same species from different populations are relatively small and ecological differences are not found to affect the leaf oil composition. Hence, analysis of spruce leaf oils appears to be highly suitable for a study of introgression and hybridization.

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