Anti-A and Anti-B Haemolysins amongst Group “O” Voluntary Blood Donors in Northeastern Nigeria

Background and Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and haemolytic significance of alpha- and beta-haemolysins in our voluntary group “O” donor population. Methods. This was a prospective study carried out at North-East Zonal Centre, the National Blood Transfusion Service, Maiduguri, Nigeria from April 2007 to April 2009. One thousand nine hundred and twenty nine voluntary group “O” blood donors (1609 males and 320 females, median age 26 years ± 7.6 SD) were screened for alpha- (anti-A) and beta- (anti-B) haemolysins using the standard tube technique at 37 degrees C for 1 hour. All samples showing haemolysis were titrated for anti-A and anti-B haemolysins. Results. The overall prevalence of haemolysins in group O donors was 55.4%. Prevalence of alpha- and beta-haemolysins only was 10.3% and 12.6%, respectively, while that of donors having both alpha- and beta-haemolysins in their sera was 32.5%. Visual titre of 8 was seen in 0.4% of lytic alpha-haemolysin and 0.2% of lytic beta-haemolysin whereas donors with both alpha- and beta-haemolysins had a titre of 1.8%. Lytic titre of 16 and 32 was very low in our donor population. Conclusion. This study has shown that although the prevalence of haemolysins is high in our voluntary group “O” donor population, the strength of the lytic antibodies is low. Therefore, despite the labour intensiveness of our haemolysis titration technique and the frequent transfusion of group O blood to certain recipients of blood group A, B, and AB in our environments, there is the need to routinely screen our donors for haemolysins in order to identify those posing the greatest risk to recipients. Further studies to determine episodes of clinically significant haemolysis in recipients of blood group O may be necessary.

Download Full-text

Immune Hemolysis after a Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation for Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2020-142230 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 20-21

Author(s):

Rim Abdallah ◽

Marina U Bueno ◽

Matthew Hsieh ◽

Willy A. Flegel

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Progenitor Cell ◽

Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽

Blood Group A ◽

History Of ◽

Group A ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Antibody Screen

Background:The incidence of Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR) is 0.04% but is higher in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Although it has been reported in hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplantation, its incidence in SCD following nonmyeloablative HPC transplantation remains unknown. We report a recipient with blood group O who received a nonmyeloablative HPC transplantation with blood group A three years ago. She is now typing as blood group A and developed a DHTR after receiving group A red blood cells (RBC). Case Report:A 42-year-old female was transferred from an outside hospital (OSH) for management of Acute T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Three years prior, she received a group A+ matched sibling nonmyeloablative HPC transplantation for SCD. Her original blood group was O+, and she had a history of clinically significant RBC alloantibodies (anti-E, anti-C, anti-Goa, anti-Kell, and anti-Jkb). On admission to OSH (Day 1), the type and screen showed group A+ without ABO discrepancy. The antibody screen was negative. The OSH blood bank was unaware of her immunohematologic history, because it was not communicated to them by the OSH hematologists, and the only documented diagnosis was that of acute leukemia. Per SOP, OSH performed only immediate spin crossmatch. She was transfused three units of A+ RBC at OSH in preparation for her transfer to us on Day 3 (Fig. 1). At admission to our hospital, her laboratory parameters were suggestive of both tumor lysis syndrome and hemolysis. Her type and screen specimen was grossly hemolyzed. She typed as Group A+. The Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) was positive with polyspecific antisera, positive for IgG and negative for bound complement factors. Antibody screen was negative except for the anti-Goa. In the eluate, we identified anti-A or anti-A,B, which were not differentiated for lack of clinical implications. Per our request, OSH retrospectively performed a pre-transfusion DAT, which was negative, and an AHG crossmatch of the pre-transfusion sample. The results showed that the RBC transfused at OSH on Day 1 were incompatible (1+) and those transfused on Day 2 after O+ platelet transfusion were compatible (Fig. 1). This confirmed that the eluted antibodies were not passively transferred from the platelet transfusion but were rather isoagglutinins from the patient's own plasma of her original blood type O. Chimerism studies indicted the presence of only 25% donor CD3 and 30% donor myeloid cells. Further studies at our institution confirmed the hemolysis to be due to anti-A/A,B and not anti-Goa. Antibody titers of the patient's plasma with A1 and A2 cells were low (1) and negative, respectively. The titer of the eluate with A1 cells and B cells was 4 and 2, respectively. The crossmatch of the patient's plasma with A1 cells was negative at immediate spin and 37oC but positive at the IgG phase, which explains the negative crossmatch at immediate spin at OSH. We believe that the exposure of the 2 incompatible A+ RBC at OSH prompted an anamnestic response, causing the hemolysis of the transfused RBC. Subsequently, the patient required the transfusion of 3 additional RBC. Due to the presence of positive DAT developed after 24 hours of transfusion (on Day 3), the positive elution test, inadequate rise of post-transfusion Hb level and rapid fall in Hb back to the concentration pre-transfusion (Fig. 1), this reaction is best classified as a definitive DHTR in accordance with the CDC hemovigilance guidelines. Conclusion:This case is a warning for the perfect storm from the combination of HPC transplantation and SCD. Our patient had a history of transplantation for SCD and clinically significant alloantibodies. OSH blood bank was not aware of her immunohematologic history, and she received incompatible RBC units that were crossmatched at immediate spin only. She subsequently developed a DHTR which was clinically significant, requiring blood transfusion. This is a good reminder of the importance of good communication between clinicians and the transfusion services. The need for caution when using electronic crossmatch or immediate spin is also important, especially in this era of transplantation for SCD. The absence of RBC antibodies cannot be assumed when a transfusion history is lacking. Increasing awareness, prevention and early recognition and treatment are essential to avoid the potential fatal complication of hemolytic transfusion reactions. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Download Full-text

Association of Viral Hepatitis with ABO Blood Group in apparently Normal Iraqi Blood Donors

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.10.3.20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 421-425

Author(s):

Suad Azeez Hassan ◽

Suhair Hassan Alkutbi ◽

Eman S. Nassir ◽

Haider Hassan Lilo

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Blood Group A ◽

B Virus ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Apparently Healthy

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are counted as a public health issue worldwide. The virus is transmitted to infect others through blood and blood products. Appointed blood groups and Rh-positive are more prone to the transmission of the infection by blood transfusion. The aim of this study is to find out the frequency of hepatitis B and C in apparently healthy blood donors and whether there is an association between ABO and Rh blood groups. ABO blood groups and their relationship with HBV and HCV infections were studied in 87,124 blood donors of both genders. Out of these donors, 353 individuals were found to be infected with HBV and HCV with a ratio of 1:250. The study was conducted between January to June 2018, which was presented to the Central Blood Bank in Baghdad and Al-Razi Medical Centre. It found that most hepatitis B and C blood donors were blood group O with a prevalence of 33.7 and 45.5%, respectively, while the results for those with blood group A showed 28.5 and 22.7% HBV and HCV infections, respectively. On the other hand, the incidence of HBV in individuals with blood group B was 29.8%, and HCV was 23.8%. AB blood group donors demonstrated the least incidence at 7.9% for both HBV and HCV. In conclusion, it has been found that there is a significant association between blood groups and Rh factor with hepatitis B and C infections.

Download Full-text

Distribution of ABO, Rhesus D and Subgroups of ABO among Blood Donors in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria

International Blood Research & Reviews ◽

10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i130120 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 6-13

Author(s):

A. B. Ibrahim ◽

H. Attahiru ◽

O. Erhabor ◽

P. F. Udomah ◽

A. Yakubu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tile Method ◽

Group A ◽

The Common ◽

Group B ◽

North Western

ABO, Rhesus D and subgroups of ABO are highly immunogenic and are the common cause of antibody production in mismatched blood transfusions, haemolytic transfusion reaction and maternal alloimmunization. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of ABO, Rh D and subgroups of ABO among blood donors attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. ABO, Rhesus D and subgroups of ABO antigen status of 176 blood donors with mean age of 30.44 ± 8.210 years attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto were determined using tile method for ABO and Rh D and conventional tube method for anti- A1, anti- H reagents for ABO subgroups respectively. Among the 176 subjects tested, blood group O+ was the most frequent group with 93 (52.8%), 39 (22.2%) were blood group B+, 37(21.0%) were blood group A+, 5 (2.8%) were blood group AB+, 2 (1.1%) were blood group O-. No data was obtained for A-, B- and AB- blood groups. Out of 37 A blood groups obtained, 31 (83.8%) had A1 antigens and 6 (16.2%) had A2 antigens. Out of the 5 AB blood groups, all had A1B antigens. The study also shows that there was statistically significant difference between blood group A and ethnic groups (Hausa, Fulani and Yoruba) (p<0.05). Blood group O was found to be the most frequent followed by B, A and AB except among Hausa which revealed a pattern of O> A> B> AB. ABO, subgroups shows majority had A1 followed by A2 and A1B respectively.

Download Full-text

Frequency of ABO and Rhesus blood groups in Saudi healthy blood donors versus non-Saudi in a retrospective study in Makkah City

Saudi Medical Horizons Journal ◽

10.54293/smhj.v1i1.16 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 2-13

Author(s):

Amal z. Moustafa ◽

Mohammed S. Aldosari ◽

Talat A. AL-Bukhari ◽

Younis A. Allohibi ◽

Shirin H . Teama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Blood Storage ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Group A ◽

Makkah City

Purpose: to assess the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among Saudi and non-Saudi healthy blood donors and to compare between them. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted; in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. It included 15,365 participants of 44 nationalities who have attended the blood bank of King Abdul Aziz Hospital. The collected data were age, sex, nationality, ABO, and Rhesus blood groups. Results: 46.8 % of the participants were O, 28.8 % A, 19.5 % B, and 4.9% AB. The nationalities with a higher frequency of blood group O were Saudi, Mauritanian, Yemeni, Thai, Malian, Sudanese, Jordanian, Indian, Moroccan, Somali, Malaysian, Indonesian, Myanmar, Nigerian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Algerian, Djibouti, Burkinabe, Eritrean, Ghanaian, Bahraini, Bosnian, Canadian, Gambian, Iraqi, and Sri Lankan. Those with a higher frequency of blood group A were Turkish, Palestinian, Syrian, Lebanese, Egyptian, Afghan, Chadian, French, Tunisian, Cameroonian, Ethiopian, and British. Those with a higher frequency of B were Nigerien, American, Nepalese, and two nationalities with higher AB frequency Filipino and Chinese. 91.6 % of all populations were Rh-positive, and 8.4% were Rh-negative. The Saudi participants were like some nationalities and differed from others. Conclusion: In Makkah city, the higher frequency of ABO blood group in Saudi and non -Saudi people is O followed by A, then B, and AB. The Rh-positive is predominant, and 8.4% of the participants are negative. The ABO and Rh blood groups' identifications are essential for providing suitable blood storage for individuals in need.

Download Full-text

ABO Blood Groups as Risk Factors for Thrombosis

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/107602969600200309 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 196-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dayse M. Lourenço ◽

Fausto Miranda ◽

Letícia H. C. Lopes

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Abo Blood Groups ◽

Arterial Embolism ◽

Fisher Test ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Group A

To evaluate the relationship between ABO blood group and thrombosis, we studied 127 patients tak ing oral anti-vitamin K drugs for thromboembolism pro phylaxis and compared them with 700 voluntary blood donors. There were 68 patients with venous thrombosis (VT)—68 with deep vein thrombosis and 8 with pulmo nary embolism—and 51 patients with arterial embolism (AE). There were 61 men and 66 women. Mean age at diagnosis was lower for all women, regardless of if they had VT or AE (43 years) than for men (55 years; Kruskal- Wallis test, p < 0.01). There was an imbalance between blood group A and O frequencies in patients with VT versus blood donors, with a higher frequency of blood group A or a lower frequency of blood group O, repre sented by a high A/O ratio. A/O ratio for blood donors was 0.63; it was 1.50 for men (Fisher test, p = 0.028) and 1.44 for women (Fisher test, p = 0.010). Patients with AE showed the same discrepancy, but it was significant for women (A/O = 2.25; Fisher test, p = 0.026) and not for men (A/O = 0.86; Fisher test, p = 0.836), suggesting that men with AE might have other risk factors for thrombo sis. These data are not conclusive about the causes of the association between ABO blood groups and thrombosis, and prospective studies are needed to verify whether blood typing could have a predictive value for prophylatic measures in clinical and surgical patients.

Download Full-text

PREVALENCE OF BOMBAY BLOOD GROUP AMONGST THE HEALTHY BLOOD DONORS AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN WESTERN RAJASTHAN, INDIA

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i3.1023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Kaluram Meghwal ◽

N.L. Mahawar ◽

Dev Raj Arya ◽

Arun Bharti ◽

Shailendra Vashistha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Indirect Antiglobulin Test ◽

Donor Population ◽

Study Population ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Group B ◽

Blood Grouping

Introduction: The prevalence of Bombay (Oh Phenotype) is not precisely known in Rajasthan state. Because of the fact that Bombay blood group is clinically significant, we decided to conduct a study at our centre to determine the prevalence of Bombay blood group among blood donor population in Western Rajasthan. Methodology: This blood bank based prospective study was carried out amongst the blood donors over a period of 11 months, i.e., from February 2019 to December 2019. Total 30,000 donor samples were screened for ABO-RhD blood grouping and antibody screening. Auto control, indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and Bombay blood group (Anti-H lectin) tests were run on all the O blood group samples showing agglutination with O reagent cells (in reverse grouping). Donors negative on Anti-H testing were tested for saliva A, B and H antigens and interpreted. Results: Out of the total 30,000 donors, the maximum number of donors had blood group B+ (32.76%), followed by O+ (29.9%), A+ (20.41%), AB+ (8.06%), B- (3.11), O- (3.02%), A- (1.93%) and AB- (0.8%). Prevalence of Bombay blood group among study population was calculated to be 0.003%. Conclusion: Bombay phenotype is a rare blood group but not uncommon. If serum grouping is not performed, it is misdiagnosed as blood group O. Therefore both forward and reverse blood grouping should be done on 100% samples. Keywords: Bombay, Anti-H lectin, Serum grouping, Blood donors.

Download Full-text