Histopathological Spectrum of Breast Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Centre and its Association with ABO Blood Grouping and Rh Typing

Background: Globally, breast cancer contributes to 27.7% of the newly diagnosed cases of cancer among women. Early screening and timely diagnosis of the lesions of breast help in alleviating the anxiety among patients. Histopathology is the gold standard in diagnosing the lesions, assessing the adequacy of treatment, and in disease prognosis. Studies have shown that ABO blood type has been associated with risk and survival for several malignancies. However, data for an association with breast cancer are inconsistent. Aim: To study the histopathological spectrum breast carcinomas and to investigate the presence of a possible association between breast cancer in women and ABO blood group and Rh factor. Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was done for a period of 4 years on 110 mastectomy specimens histopathologically diagnosed as breast cancers, and clinico-pathological data collected and analysed with records from the Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College. Association of breast cancer with ABO blood grouping and Rh typing was studied. Results: Left breast was involved in most cases (96.4%). The mean age was 50.86 years, with 41-50 years age group showing peak incidence. Infiltrating breast carcinoma, no special type (89.6%) was the most common histological type. ER and PR positivity was seen in 46.4% and 41.8% of cases respectively. A statistically significant association was seen between hormone receptor status and histological grade. 39.1% cases belonged to O blood group, and Rh positivity was seen in 96.4% of the cases. No association was found between breast cancer and ABO/Rh blood grouping.

Association of ABO Blood Grouping and Periodontal Disease: A Literature Review

Although the correlation between the ABO blood group and certain systematic diseases is a well-documented fact. Few studies have explored the relationship of ABO with oral disorders including periodontal diseases (PD). This literature review aimed to assess the possible association between ABO blood grouping and PD. For this purpose, we searched online databases like PubMed and google scholar with the following terms in different combinations PD, ABO blood groups, gingivitis, the prevalence of periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, risk factors of periodontitis, Association of PD and ABO, ABO Rh factor. English version papers describing the Oral health status are covered through research that includes clinical investigations, case studies, and retrospective studies on the subject. Historic reviews, articles with unpublished data, and letters to the editors were omitted from the survey following publications. The author thoroughly checked the titles and abstracts of the papers. The complete text was thoroughly assessed, and the relevant articles were analyzed in accordance with qualifying criteria. For further original and review research, references were further reviewed. Since our targeted subject was answered by a restricted number of original research. We identified fourteen articles describing the association of ABO blood types with PD. findings of our study concluded the genetic basis of the association of ABO blood types for the development of PD. six of the research provided here showed that the blood type O can serve as a prognostic factor for the development of PD. ABO blood types and Rhesus factors can be a risk predictors in the development of PD.

STUDY OF FINGERPRINT PATTERN IN RELATION TO GENDER AND BLOOD GROUP IN JHALAWAR REGION

Dermatoglyphics, the study of epidermal ridges on palm, sole, and digits, is considered as most effective and reliable evidence of identification. Finger prints are the impressions made by fine ridges present on finger tips which are highly individualistic. The fingerprint ridges develop between 2nd and 3rd months of intra uterine life and remain unchanged in an individual throughout life. Out of many blood grouping systems available, ABO and Rh systems are the most important and are considered for the present study. Due to the immense potential of fingerprints as an effective method of identification an attempt has been made in the present work to analyse their correlation with gender and blood group of an individual. This study is carried out on 100 subjects (50 male and 50 female) having different ABO blood groups and belonging to different age groups. All the 10 fingerprints are taken and divided into loops, whorls, arches and composite. The results show that majority of the subjects belonged to blood group O. The fingerprint pattern of loops is most commonly found followed by whorls, arches and composite. Loops are higher in males whereas whorls and arches are found more in females. Composites are being in same proportion in both sexes. Highest frequency of loops is seen in O positive blood group followed by B positive. Among loops ulnar loops are predominant. Keywords: Fingerprints, Loops, Whorls, Arches, Blood Group, Pattern, Gender.

STUDY OF BLOOD GROUP ANALYSIS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH LYMPHOPENIA IN COVID 19 INFECTED CASES OUR EXPERIENCE IN TERITARY CARE HOSPITAL.

ABSTRACT AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study the distribution and frequencies of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups among confirmed cases of Covid19 infection .We also studied the relation between ABO blood group system and lymphopenia and studied the gender association in COVID19 patients. METHODES A hospital based retrospective study was conducted at Government Medical College Suryapet from1-8-2020 to 30-9-2020. A total of 200 Covid cases were included in the study who came to the hospital with the complaints of Fever, sore throat, body pains, cough, breathlessness, diarrhoea. Patients confirmed Covid infection were tested for blood grouping and RH typing by using forward blood grouping with the help of commercially available standared monoclonal antisera. CBP was processed in sysmax 5 part Haemotology analyzer. Blood group frequency was tested also assed the gender association , covid patients presents with lymphopenia the relation between the ABO blood group and lymphocyte count was determined. RESULTS: Males were more compared to the females .Middle aged group male patients were more commonly involved. Most predominant blood group was group B 79(39.5%), group O 78(39%),group A 37(18.5%), group AB 6(3%),most of them were 190 (95%)Rh positive, only 10 Rh negative (5%).To assess the Lymphopenia in our study we divided the absolute lymphocyte count into 5 groups. Group 1 cases are more 58 (29%), Group 2 91(45.5%), Group 3 30 (15%), Group 4 16(8%), Group 5 5(2.5%). CONCLUSION: Male patients with blood group B were more compared to other blood groups however more number of studies are necessary to confirm these findings in a larger sample and among individuals of different ethnicities. Keywords : ABO , BLOOD GROUPS, Rhesus(Rh) typing.

Blood Group Detection using Image Processing MATLAB

Blood grouping is one of the common and most essentiality for many of the major healthcare applications. Traditional way to determine the blood group involve human such as trained medical professionals which generally lead to human error. One of the solutions to overcome this issue is to automate and digitize this method. Image processing and computer vision techniques can be used for this purpose. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the blood group detection using image processing techniques. For this purpose, experiment starts by taking images of sample blood slide as input and convert it into gray scale followed by binarization and canny edge detection. Finally, it decided the agglutination by counting detected edges. Performance of method is tested on real- time blood sample dataset. Experimental results show the accuracy of proposed method is comparable to real- time test.

Design, implementation, and assessment of an interactive simulation to teach undergraduate immunology students hemolytic disease of the newborn

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a potentially fatal condition caused by a Rhesus (Rh) antigen incompatibility between a mother and fetus. As a result, determining the Rh status of expectant parents is a routine clinical assessment. Both the physiological and immunological basis of this condition are taught to undergraduate students. At the University of South Australia, some undergraduate immunology students find this topic challenging. The author designed, implemented, and assessed the impact of an interactive simulation to facilitate student learning of HDN. The students were actively engaged in determining the blood grouping and Rh status of an expectant mother and father and then determining the possibility of developing HDN. The simulation was found to take only 15 min to complete yet led to a significant increase in student performance in an end of semester exam question. Student perceived understanding was found to significantly improve following the introduction of the simulation, even though the content had been covered in a formal lecture. Student feedback was highly positive of this learning approach. In conclusion, short, interactive simulations can be used effectively to enhance student learning of challenging concepts.

Para-Bombay B phenotype: a rare ABH blood group variant at tertiary care hospital, Gwalior India

Background: The H antigen is the precursor substance for A and B antigens formation on red blood cells of an individual and absence of it is termed as H deficient phenotype. If H antigen is absent on both RBCs and secretions, and then the resulting blood group is a Classical Bombay phenotype with anti-H antibodies in their serum. If H antigen are absent on RBCs and present in secretions and plasma, the resulting blood group is Para-Bombay phenotype. Genetically Para-Bombay’s lack an active H gene (genotype is hh) but carry at least one Se gene (Secretor gene). Para-Bombay or red blood cell (RBC) H negative secretor individuals may or may not have anti-H in their serum. In both cases routine blood grouping is O. Case Report: Blood sample of 24-year-old female is submitting in blood bank, resulting her routine grouping O RhD positive. Complete blood grouping by Gel technology revels her forward grouping is Oh and reverse grouping B. Patient is secretor for B and H antigens. Absorption and elusion test is negative. Family grouping was also done to find out compatible blood and her family genesis. Conclusion: Patient blood group is Para-Bombay B. Complete blood grouping (Forward and reverse) as well as saliva grouping and absorption /elusion test is advisable when there is a discrepancy in ABH grouping.