Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Biosensors: Recent Advances and Perspectives

This paper reviews the advancements of a wide range of electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors, electrochemical aptasensors, for target analytes monitoring. Methods for immobilizing aptamers onto an electrode surface are discussed. Aptasensors are presented according to their detection strategies. Many of these are simply electrochemical, aptamer-based equivalents of traditional immunochemical approaches, sandwich and competition assays employing electroactive signaling moieties. Others, exploiting the unusual physical properties of aptamers, are signal-on (positive readout signal) and signal-off (negative readout signal) aptasensors based on target binding-induced conformational change of aptamers. Aptamer label-free devices are also discussed.

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Electrochemical Aptasensors: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11010104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Ragaa Abd-Ellatief ◽

Maha Ragaa Abd-Ellatief

Keyword(s):

Conformational Change ◽

Electrode Surface ◽

Current Status ◽

Label Free ◽

Electrochemical Aptasensor ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Target Analytes ◽

Target Binding ◽

Competition Assays

This article reviews the progress of diversity of electrochemical aptasensor for target analytes detection. The immobilization strategies of aptamers on an electrode surface are addressed. The aptasensors are also introduced in compliance with the assay platforms. Many electrochemical aptasensors are nearly identical to conventional immunochemical approaches, sandwich and competition assays using electroactive signaling moieties. Others are “signal-on” and “sign-off” aptasensors credited to the target binding-induced conformational change of aptamers. Label-free aptasensors are also highlighted. Furthermore, the aptasensors applied for clinically important biomarkers are emphasized.

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DNA Electrochemical Biosensors for In Situ Probing of Pharmaceutical Drug Oxidative DNA Damage

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21041125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1125 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana-Maria Chiorcea-Paquim ◽

Ana Maria Oliveira-Brett

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Electrode Surface ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Electrochemical Biosensor ◽

Electrochemical Biosensors ◽

Label Free ◽

Dna Electrochemical Biosensor ◽

Wide Range ◽

Label Free Detection

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) electrochemical biosensors are devices that incorporate immobilized DNA as a molecular recognition element on the electrode surface, and enable probing in situ the oxidative DNA damage. A wide range of DNA electrochemical biosensor analytical and biotechnological applications in pharmacology are foreseen, due to their ability to determine in situ and in real-time the DNA interaction mechanisms with pharmaceutical drugs, as well as with their degradation products, redox reaction products, and metabolites, and due to their capacity to achieve quantitative electroanalytical evaluation of the drugs, with high sensitivity, short time of analysis, and low cost. This review presents the design and applications of label-free DNA electrochemical biosensors that use DNA direct electrochemical oxidation to detect oxidative DNA damage. The DNA electrochemical biosensor development, from the viewpoint of electrochemical and atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization, and the bottom-up immobilization of DNA nanostructures at the electrode surface, are described. Applications of DNA electrochemical biosensors that enable the label-free detection of DNA interactions with pharmaceutical compounds, such as acridine derivatives, alkaloids, alkylating agents, alkylphosphocholines, antibiotics, antimetabolites, kinase inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, metal complexes, nucleoside analogs, and phenolic compounds, which can be used in drug analysis and drug discovery, and may lead to future screening systems, are reviewed.

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In Operando Detection of the Physical Properties Change of the Interfacial Electrolyte during Li-Metal Electrode Reaction by Atomic Force Microscopy

10.26434/chemrxiv.12616793.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mitsunori Kitta

Keyword(s):

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Energy Dissipation ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Electrode Surface ◽

Electrode Reaction ◽

Metal Electrode ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Discharge Reaction

This manuscript propose the operando detection technique of the physical properties change of electrolyte during Li-metal battery operation.The physical properties of electrolyte solution such as viscosity (η) and mass densities (ρ) highly affect the feature of electrochemical Li-metal deposition on the Li-metal electrode surface. Therefore, the operando technique for detection these properties change near the electrode surface is highly needed to investigate the true reaction of Li-metal electrode. Here, this study proved that one of the atomic force microscopy based analysis, energy dissipation analysis of cantilever during force curve motion, was really promising for the direct investigation of that. The solution drag of electrolyte, which is controlled by the physical properties, is directly concern the energy dissipation of cantilever motion. In the experiment, increasing the energy dissipation was really observed during the Li-metal dissolution (discharge) reaction, understanding as the increment of η and ρ of electrolyte via increasing of Li-ion concentration. Further, the dissipation energy change was well synchronized to the charge-discharge reaction of Li-metal electrode.This study is the first report for direct observation of the physical properties change of electrolyte on Li-metal electrode reaction, and proposed technique should be widely interesting to the basic interfacial electrochemistry, fundamental researches of solid-liquid interface, as well as the battery researches.

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ANACONDA ALLOY 268

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.cu0442 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 31 (8) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Cold Working ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Zinc Alloy ◽

Wide Range ◽

Copper Zinc ◽

Cold Worked

Abstract ANACONDA Alloy 268 is a copper-zinc alloy with excellent cold-working properties; it can be cold worked by all the conventional fabrication processes. Its corrosion resistance is excellent-to-good in most environments. This alloy has a wide range of applications including items such as springs, bathroom fixtures, automotive radiators, lamp sockets and sanitary traps. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-442. Producer or source: Anaconda American Brass Company.

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CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 50

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ci0051 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Shear Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Machine Tools ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Gray Iron ◽

Centrifugally Cast ◽

Wide Range ◽

Nominal Tensile Strength ◽

Cast Gray Iron

Abstract CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 50 is a centrifugally cast gray iron with a nominal tensile strength of 50,000 psi. It is cast in the form of tubing which has a wide range of uses in applications where size and shape are of paramount importance and freedom from pattern cost is an important consideration. Among its many applications are farm machinery, seals, bushings, machine tools and general machinery uses. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CI-51. Producer or source: Federal Bronze Products Inc..

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CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 55

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ci0048 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 28 (9) ◽

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Shear Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Gray Iron ◽

Centrifugally Cast ◽

Wide Range ◽

Nominal Tensile Strength ◽

Cast Gray Iron

Abstract CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 55 is a centrifugally cast gray iron with a nominal tensile strength of 55,000 psi. It is produced in the form of tubing which has a wide range of uses in applications where size and shape are of paramount importance and freedom from pattern cost is an important consideration. Typical applications are seals, bushings, farm machinery, casings and general machinery uses. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CI-48. Producer or source: Federal Bronze Products Inc..

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CHASE 14310

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.cu0341 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Thermal Softening ◽

High Conductivity ◽

Wide Range

Abstract CHASE 14310 is a high-conductivity copper with excellent resistance to thermal softening. It is a deoxidized, electronic grade of copper with excellent formability, weldability and plateability. It is available in strip form and has a wide range of applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Cu-341. Producer or source: Chase Brass & Copper Company Inc..

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SAE 1345

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.sa0425 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Alloy Steel ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Hand Tools ◽

Manganese Alloy ◽

Steel Mills ◽

Wide Range

Abstract SAE 1345 is a through-hardening, manganese alloy steel with intermediate hardenability. It is most commonly used where good strength is needed but low-to-medium toughness is sufficient. Its wide range of uses in tools and machinery includes hand tools, gears, shafts, bolts and housings. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-425. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.

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SAE 8642

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.sa0382 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Alloy Steel ◽

High Strength ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Steel Mills ◽

Wide Range ◽

Strength And Toughness

Abstract SAE 8642 is a triple-alloy steel that can be hardened by austenitizing and quenching in oil. This steel has moderate hardenability with relative high strength and toughness, especially in the quenched-and-tempered condition. It is used in a wide range of components, parts and tools; examples are bolts, shafts, gears, wrenches, axles and housings. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-382. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.

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DOMEX 550MC

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.sa0594 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Hsla Steel ◽

Steel Structures ◽

High Strength ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Bend Strength ◽

Cold Forming ◽

Wide Range ◽

Hot Rolled ◽

Earthmoving Machines

Abstract Domex 550MC is a hot-rolled, high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel for cold forming operations. It is available in thicknesses of 2.00-12.80 mm. The alloy meets or exceeds the requirements of S550MC in EN 10149-2. Applications include a wide range of fabricated components and steel structures, including truck chassis, crane booms, and earthmoving machines. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SA-594. Producer or source: SSAB Swedish Steel Inc.

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