scholarly journals "So What Are You?:" Nepali Third Gender Women's Identities and Experiences Through the Lens of Human Rights Development Discourse

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Gerstein
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Development ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Third Gender ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Context Specific

Nepal is the site of many national and international human rights development measures focused on the country’s gender and sexual minorities (SGM). Given the significant impact those development efforts have on SGM and Nepali society, national and international development actors need to understand the identities and experiences of the populations they attempt to help. Performed in Kathmandu and Bharatpur, this study attempts to understand the identities used by third gender women and if those identities are reflected in development discourse. Over the course of this research, self-identified third gender women and members of organizations that work with SGM were interviewed. Observations were also conducted in a Bharatpur SGM-advocacy organization. This research questions the homogeneity of SGM described by some development organizations and their critics. Identity should be understood as context-specific, and SGM identities as intertwined and mutually-informing. Understanding the framework for gender and sexuality that underlies Nepali sexual and gender identity terms is important in order to supplement and contextualize the identities that, otherwise, may be misrepresented and misunderstood. Furthermore, development organizations should be cognizant of the impacts donor sources may have on development projects and on sexual and gender minorities. The national government should focus on successful implementation of measures already executed, and interested parties should hold the government accountable for following through with these SGM-focused human rights measures.

Health Problems of Third Gender in Naulo Bihani, Pokhara

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Witness Violence ◽  
Third Gender ◽  
And Gender

The third gender is in many cultures made up of an individual, considered male at the time of birth, but change on feminine gender role or sexual role when they grow up and vice versa third genders and homosexual are the group of people who are not allowed to talk about their sexual and emotional preferences in public. The study health problems faced by the third gender of Naulo Bihani, Pokhara raises the genuine questions regarding the demographic and health condition of that third gender. All 60 residing there were the sample of data collection through census method by using interview schedule with open and close questions. Observation and KII were done with the management committee of Naulo Bihani, Pokhara, and sister organization of Blue Dimond Society Kathmandu. It attempts to raise consciousness of human rights on the sexual and gender minorities, witness violence, abuse and rape. All the respondents suffered from viral and bacterial diseases; 78.33 percent suffered from protozoa infection. Only fifteen percent respondents were suffered from Syphilis. But no one was suffered from HIV AIDS. They felt social discrimination and tell them Hijara and so on. It is justification to advocate their right in the society so the researcher tried to make a research on the topic.

Recognition and Protection of Women's Rights and Gender in FDRE Constitution and Other Laws of Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Yetimwork Anteneh Wondim
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Irrespective of their contribution, women in Ethiopia have been facing issues like violence, gender-based discrimination, access to education and training, lack of basic human rights protection, and others. Girls' enrollment in education at all levels is much lower than boys. Female education is hampered mainly by the sexual division of labor, which confines girls to household activities. In addition, women have been suffering from gender-based violence under the guise of tradition and culture but condoned by society. In response to these problems, the Government of Ethiopia adopted relevant instruments pertaining to gender including the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), The Beijing Platform for Action, The Ethiopian Constitution, and various other policies and establishing the national machinery for addressing gender issues. However, several challenges still exist in the realization of women's rights. Therefore, all the respect and protection given for human rights should also be given to women because women's rights are human rights.

scholarly journals Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Rights Lost in Translation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 122-145
Author(s):  
Malte Breiding Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Member State ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
International Human ◽  
And Gender

Since 2003, the United Nations international human rights framework has moved notably toward increased international human rights recognition for sexual and gender minorities. Most recently, 2016 saw the adoption of an Independent Expert on violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Motivated by the nevertheless continued refusal by predominantly African and Middle Eastern countries to recognize any such human rights application, as well as postcolonial critiques of counterproductive moral imperialism and homonationalist strategies by proponent member States, this article asks how dynamics of member State disputes in the UN debates on SOGI-based rights may point to restraints and possibilities for achieving global human rights recognition for culturally diverse sexual and gender minorities. The article demonstrates how interand intradiscursive rules of formation in UN member State debates predicated on either universal or culturally relative readings of international human rights law reproduce normative polarization and obstruct national implementation of human rights protection for sexual and gender minorities. The article therefore finds universality truth claims to restrain transformative change, as well as represent a possibility for achieving human rights recognition through “perverse,” reiterations of the parameters of the universal, wielded from an open-ended multiplicity of sexual and gender minority expressions and articulations. A radical politics of top-down and bottom-up cultural translation is suggested as a possible strategy for human rights recognition for culturally diverse sexual and gender minorities.

Gender equality, norms and practices: Post-script to special issue on new actors, old donors and gender equality norms in international development cooperation

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barnett
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
General Movement ◽  
And Gender ◽  
International Development Cooperation

The contributions raise several important issues regarding the norm of gender equality in development organizations, and I want to raise the following points for further consideration. Does it matter if we treat gender equality as a norm or practice? The articles suggest that there is general movement toward the norm, but what it means to do gender equality is quite fractured. Who decides what gender equality means? Why do organizations feel the need to adopt this norm? Organizations have different motives, and these motives are probably important for understanding whether these norms have any impact. Impact refers to effects, and there are various kinds of effects raised by the articles, though focused mainly on the norm’s institutionalization rather than its impact.

Law and Development in Nigeria: A Need for Activism

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamman Lawan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Law And Development ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Human Rights Regime ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
International Human

AbstractThis article explores the use of law in development at two levels in Nigeria. Development as a state duty has been provided for under the constitution, thereby creating socio-economic rights for citizens, albeit rights which are unenforceable. Seven development policies drawn up at different times have all also invoked law in one way or another to facilitate the achievement of their respective objectives. Both cases reflect the international trend in their respective discourses. The first approach mirrors the international human rights regime, while the second mimics international development discourse. While the instrumental use of law is desirable, this article argues that it is inadequate. More needs to be done to supplement it. First, courts need to adopt a radical interpretation of the constitutional provisions to make socio-economic rights enforceable. Secondly, people need to be active citizens through participation in the development process.

scholarly journals Sweden’s engagement in global health: a historical review

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Health ◽  
International Development ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
International Health ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Swedish Experience ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Sweden is a long-standing and significant contributor to overseas development aid. This commitment to global health and development is part of Sverigebilden, or the view of Sweden in the world that is formally promoted by the Swedish government. Sweden is seen by many in the global health community as leader on human rights and health and has traditionally been one of the most engaged countries in multilateral affairs more broadly. Results This article places Sweden’s engagement in global health within the wider context of domestic changes, as well as transitions within the broader global health landscape in the post-World War Two (WWII)- era. In doing so, it reviews the globalization of health from a Swedish perspective. It also addresses broader questions about what it means for a country to be ‘active’ or ‘engaged’ in global health and responds to recent suggestions that Swedish influence in health has waned. The article finds that in Sweden there is wide political consensus that international development and global health engagement are important, and both are part of the maintenance of Sverigebilen. While there is a not one single Swedish approach to global health, there are norms and values that underpin global health engagement such as human rights, solidarity, equity and gender equality. A sustained focus on key issues, such as sexual and reproductive rights and health (SRHR), creates a tradition which feeds back into Sverigebilden. Conclusions The Swedish experience demonstrates the linkages between foreign and domestic policies with regard to international health and development, and to the globalization of public health practice and diplomacy. In global health Sverigebilden is tied to credibility. Sweden is able to exercise influence because of a successful welfare model and strong research traditions; conversely, long-standing and new threats to this credibility and to Sverigebilden pose challenges to Sweden’s future engagement in global health.

Decolonizing Feminist Economics: Interrogating the Women’s Economic Empowerment and Gender Equality Development Framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Carrasco-Miró
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Female Empowerment ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
Feminist Economics ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Economics And Politics

Abstract This article urges attention be paid to the project of decolonizing feminist development economics as a way to reimagine feminist economics and politics. Drawing on economic patterns within contemporary Mesoamerica, this article exposes modernist assumptions within development discourse on women’s economic empowerment and their contemporary colonial forms, and expands the notion of economy and female empowerment beyond the scope of capitalist modernity. Further to this, and using the experience of working as a feminist economist in an international development organization in Guatemala, this article discusses feminist dilemmas in development that complicate current approaches to women’s economic empowerment and gender equality.

scholarly journals Palliative care needs, concerns, and affirmative strategies for the LGBTQ population

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 263235242110392
Author(s):  
Noelle Marie Javier
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
High Quality Medical Care ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender

The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer/Questioning population, also known as sexual and gender minorities, are an incredibly marginalized and vulnerable population that have been disproportionately affected by the provision, delivery, and optimal access to high-quality medical care including palliative, hospice, and end-of-life care. The long-standing and unique experiences shaped by positive and negative historical events have led to a better understanding of significant barriers and gaps in equitable healthcare for this population. The intersection of both internal and external stressors as well as minority identities in the context of discriminatory political and societal infrastructures have resulted in variable health outcomes that continues to be plagued by economic barriers, oppressive legislative policies, and undesirable societal practices. It could not be more urgent and timely to call upon the government and healthcare systems at large to execute reforms in policies and regulations, engage in cultural competency training, and promote cultural shifts in beliefs, attitudes, and practices that will ultimately recognize, prioritize, and address the needs of this population. After all, health care access is a universal right regardless of personal, social, political, and economic determinants of comprehensive medical care.

scholarly journals Utilizing a Human Rights Perspective to Train Therapists in Sexuality and Sexual Wellness

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-191
Author(s):  
Shannon B. Dermer ◽  
Shea M. Dunham ◽  
Molli E. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
Sexual Rights ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
And Gender

Psychological associations require their trainees and professionals to work with diverse issues and diverse clientele, including sexual issues and sexual and gender minorities. While these organizations have been clear on their stance on non-discrimination toward sexual and gender minorities, research has demonstrated that most psychologists are not well trained on sexuality in general, even though educators and trainees believe sexuality is an important topic. Sexuality is a core aspect of human development across the lifespan. Although sexuality may be expressed differently across cultures, sexuality is a part of overall health and wellness for everyone. Sexuality is a broad concept that can include all types of sexual behaviors, sexual and gender orientation, sexual relationships, sexual pleasure, intimacy, attachment, and reproduction. It may be helpful for psychology to adopt a human rights perspective in their sexuality training. This perspective frames sexual rights as human rights and utilizes a sexual health and wellness framework. Utilizing this perspective, psychologists can focus on sexual citizenship from a global, rights-based, positive, and sexual wellness. Keywords: Human Rights, Pedagogy, Psychology, Sexual Rights, Sexual Wellness.

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