scholarly journals Il “trapianto di faccia”

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Di Pietro ◽  
Barbara Corsano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Composite Tissue Allotransplantation ◽  
Composite Tissue ◽  
The Face ◽  
Experimental Stage

L’allotrapianto di tessuto composito (CTA) nella forma di faccia viene proposto nel caso di gravi alterazioni della funzionalità e dell’estetica del volto e consente di sostituire tessuto facciale danneggiato e/o non-esistente con tessuto facciale sano, ben vascolarizzato, da donatore. Sebbene ancora in fase sperimentale, simile procedura – effettuata allo stato attuale nove volte in Francia, Cina, Stati Uniti e Spagna – pare mostrare risultati promettenti. Tuttavia, accanto alle difficoltà che come ogni procedura trapiantologica essa presenta dal punto di vista clinico, occorre considerare le problematiche economiche, organizzative e soprattutto etiche. ---------- Composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) of the face is used for serious changes of the facial functionality and beauty and allows to replace facial tissue damaged or nonexistent by facial tissue sound, well vascularized, from donor. Although it is still at the experimental stage, this procedure – nine times realized in France, China, United States and Spain – seems to be promising. Neverthless, in addition to clinic issues, economic, organizational and above all ethical questions should be considered.

Surgical Planning for Composite Tissue Allotransplantation of the Face Using 320-Detector Row Computed Tomography

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyoshi Soga ◽  
Hale Ersoy ◽  
Dimitrios Mitsouras ◽  
Kurt Schultz ◽  
Amanda G. Whitmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Composite Tissue Allotransplantation ◽  
Composite Tissue ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals Composite tissue allotransplantation of the face: Decision analysis model

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Cugno ◽  
Sheila Sprague ◽  
Eric Duku ◽  
Achilleas Thoma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Decision Analysis Model ◽  
Composite Tissue Allotransplantation ◽  
Face Transplantation ◽  
Facial Disfigurement ◽  
Composite Tissue ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Composite

Background Facial composite tissue allotransplantation is a potential reconstructive option for severe facial disfigurement. The purpose of the present investigation was to use decision analysis modelling to ascertain the expected quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained with face transplantation (versus remaining in a disfigured state) in an effort to assist surgeons with the decision of whether to adopt this procedure. Study Design The probabilities of potential complications associated with facial allotransplantation were identified by a comprehensive review of kidney and hand transplant literature. A decision analysis tree illustrating possible health states for face allotransplantation was then constructed. Utilities were obtained from 30 participants, using the standard gamble and time trade-off measures. The utilities were then translated into QALYs, and the expected QALYs gained with transplantation were computed. Results Severe facial deformity was associated with an average of 7.34 QALYs. Allotransplantation of the face imparted an expected gain in QALYs of between 16.2 and 27.3 years. Conclusions The current debate within the medical community surrounding facial composite tissue allotransplantation has centred on the issue of inducing a state of immunocompromise in a physically healthy individual for a non-life-saving procedure. However, the latter must be weighed against the potential social and psychological benefits that transplantation would confer. As demonstrated by a gain of 26.9 QALYs, participants' valuation of quality of life is notably greater for face transplantation with its side effects of immunosuppression than for a state of uncompromised physical health with severe facial disfigurement.

Repair of the lower and middle parts of the face by composite tissue allotransplantation in a patient with massive plexiform neurofibroma: a 1-year follow-up study

The Lancet ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 372 (9639) ◽  
pp. 639-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Lantieri ◽  
Jean-Paul Meningaud ◽  
Philippe Grimbert ◽  
Frank Bellivier ◽  
Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plexiform Neurofibroma ◽  
Composite Tissue Allotransplantation ◽  
Composite Tissue ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Face

Verán ustedes las chozas más humildes. El discurso de pobreza en la diplomacia pública cardenista dirigida a Estados Unidos

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-281
Author(s):  
Sylvia Dümmer Scheel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lazaro Cardenas ◽  
The New Deal

El artículo analiza la diplomacia pública del gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas centrándose en su opción por publicitar la pobreza nacional en el extranjero, especialmente en Estados Unidos. Se plantea que se trató de una estrategia inédita, que accedió a poner en riesgo el “prestigio nacional” con el fin de justificar ante la opinión pública estadounidense la necesidad de implementar las reformas contenidas en el Plan Sexenal. Aprovechando la inusual empatía hacia los pobres en tiempos del New Deal, se construyó una imagen específica de pobreza que fuera higiénica y redimible. Ésta, sin embargo, no generó consenso entre los mexicanos. This article analyzes the public diplomacy of the government of Lázaro Cárdenas, focusing on the administration’s decision to publicize the nation’s poverty internationally, especially in the United States. This study suggests that this was an unprecedented strategy, putting “national prestige” at risk in order to explain the importance of implementing the reforms contained in the Six Year Plan, in the face of public opinion in the United States. Taking advantage of the increased empathy felt towards the poor during the New Deal, a specific image of hygienic and redeemable poverty was constructed. However, this strategy did not generate agreement among Mexicans.

The New Economic Populism and the Future of Inequality in the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Franko ◽  
Christopher Witko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
The Face ◽  
Over Time

The authors conclude the book by recapping their arguments and empirical results, and discussing the possibilities for the “new economic populism” to promote egalitarian economic outcomes in the face of continuing gridlock and the dominance of Washington, DC’s policymaking institutions by business and the wealthy, and a conservative Republican Party. Many states are actually addressing inequality now, and these policies are working. Admittedly, many states also continue to embrace the policies that have contributed to growing inequality, such as tax cuts for the wealthy or attempting to weaken labor unions. But as the public grows more concerned about inequality, the authors argue, policies that help to address these income disparities will become more popular, and policies that exacerbate inequality will become less so. Over time, if history is a guide, more egalitarian policies will spread across the states, and ultimately to the federal government.

Ban Ki-moon, 2007–2016

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gowan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cautious Approach ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Council Decision ◽  
The Face

During Ban Ki-moon’s tenure, the Security Council was shaken by P5 divisions over Kosovo, Georgia, Libya, Syria, and Ukraine. Yet it also continued to mandate and sustain large-scale peacekeeping operations in Africa, placing major burdens on the UN Secretariat. The chapter will argue that Ban initially took a cautious approach to controversies with the Council, and earned a reputation for excessive passivity in the face of crisis and deference to the United States. The second half of the chapter suggests that Ban shifted to a more activist pressure as his tenure went on, pressing the Council to act in cases including Côte d’Ivoire, Libya, and Syria. The chapter will argue that Ban had only a marginal impact on Council decision-making, even though he made a creditable effort to speak truth to power over cases such as the Central African Republic (CAR), challenging Council members to live up to their responsibilities.

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