scholarly journals Intensive Abdominal Drawing-In Maneuver After Unipedal Postural Stability in Nonathletes With Core Instability

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam G. Lee ◽  
Joshua (Sung) H. You ◽  
Tae H. Kim ◽  
Bong S. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Pressure Biofeedback ◽  
Formal Test

Context: The exact neuromechanical nature and relative contribution of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) to postural instability warrants further investigation in uninjured and injured populations. Objective: To determine the effects of the ADIM on static core and unipedal postural stability in nonathletes with core instability. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 19 nonathletes (4 women: age = 22.3 ± 1.3 years, height = 164.0 ± 1.7 cm, mass = 56.0 ± 4.6 kg; 15 men: age = 24.6 ± 2.8 years, height = 172.6 ± 4.7 cm, mass = 66.8 ± 7.6 kg) with core instability. Intervention(s): Participants received ADIM training with visual feedback 20 minutes each day for 7 days each week over a 2-week period. Main Outcome Measures(s): Core instability was determined using a prone formal test and measured by a pressure biofeedback unit. Unipedal postural stability was determined by measuring the center-of-pressure sway and associated changes in the abdominal muscle-thickness ratios. Electromyographic activity was measured concurrently in the external oblique, erector spinae, gluteus medius, vastus medialis oblique, tibialis anterior, and medial gastrocnemius muscles. Results: All participants initially were unable to complete the formal test. However, after the 2-week ADIM training period, all participants were able to reduce the pressure biofeedback unit by a range of 4 to 10 mm Hg from an initial 70 mm Hg and maintain it at 60 to 66 mm Hg with minimal activation of the external oblique (t18 = 3.691, P = .002) and erector spinae (t18 = 2.823, P = .01) muscles. Monitoring of the pressure biofeedback unit and other muscle activations confirmed that the correct muscle contraction defining the ADIM was accomplished. This core stabilization was well maintained in the unipedal-stance position, as evidenced by a decrease in the center-of-pressure sway measures (t18 range, 3.953–5.775, P < .001), an increased muscle-thickness ratio for the transverse abdominis (t18 = −2.327, P = .03), and a reduction in external oblique muscle activity (t18 = 3.172, P = .005). Conclusions: We provide the first evidence to highlight the positive effects of ADIM training on core and postural stability in nonathletes with core instability.

Hip and Trunk Muscle Activity During the Star Excursion Balance Test in Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 682-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunal Bhanot ◽  
Navpreet Kaur ◽  
Lori Thein Brody ◽  
Jennifer Bridges ◽  
David C. Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
External Oblique

Context:Dynamic balance is a measure of core stability. Deficits in the dynamic balance have been related to injuries in the athletic populations. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is suggested to measure and improve dynamic balance when used as a rehabilitative tool.Objective:To determine the electromyographic activity of the hip and the trunk muscles during the SEBT.Design:Descriptive.Setting:University campus.Participants:Twenty-two healthy adults (11 males and 11 females; 23.3 [3.8] y, 170.3 [7.6] cm, 67.8 [10.3] kg, and 15.1% [5.0%] body fat).Intervention:Surface electromyographic data were collected on 22 healthy adults of the erector spinae, external oblique, and rectus abdominis bilaterally, and gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscle of the stance leg. A 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine the interaction between the percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) and the reach directions. The %MVIC for each muscle was compared across the 8 reach directions using the Sidak post hoc test withαat .05.Main Outcome Measures:%MVIC.Results:Significant differences were observed for all the 8 muscles. Highest electromyographic activity was found for the tested muscles in the following reach directions—ipsilateral external oblique (44.5% [38.4%]): anterolateral; contralateral external oblique (52.3% [40.8%]): medial; ipsilateral rectus abdominis (8% [6.6%]): anterior; contralateral rectus abdominis (8% [5.3%]): anteromedial; ipsilateral erector spinae (46.4% [20.2%]): posterolateral; contralateral erector spinae (33.5% [11.3%]): posteromedial; gluteus maximus (27.4% [11.7%]): posterior; and gluteus medius (54.6% [26.1%]): medial direction.Conclusions:Trunk and hip muscle activation was direction dependent during the SEBT. This information can be used during rehabilitation of the hip and the trunk muscles.

Comparison of core stabilization techniques on ultrasound imaging of the diaphragm, and core muscle thickness and external abdominal oblique muscle electromyography activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jaejin Lee ◽  
Dohyun Kim ◽  
Yoonkyum Shin ◽  
Chunghwi Yi ◽  
Hyeseon Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Amplitude Analysis ◽  
Core Stabilization ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Pressure Biofeedback

BACKGROUND: To restore core stability, abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM), abdominal bracing (AB), and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) have been employed but outcome measures varied and one intervention was not superior over another. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the differential effects of ADIM, AB, and DNS on diaphragm movement, abdominal muscle thickness difference, and external abdominal oblique (EO) electromyography (EMG) amplitude. METHODS: Forty-one participants with core instability participated in this study. The subjects performed ADIM, AB, and DNS in random order. A Simi Aktisys and Pressure Biofeedback Unit (PBU) were utilized to measure core stability, an ultrasound was utilized to measure diaphragm movement and measure abdominal muscles thickness and EMG was utilized to measure EO amplitude. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted at P< 0.05. RESULTS: Diaphragm descending movement and transverse abdominis (TrA) and internal abdominal oblique (IO) thickness differences were significantly increased in DNS compared to ADIM and AB (P< 0.05). EO amplitude was significantly increased in AB compared to ADIM, and DNS. CONCLUSIONS: DNS was the best technique to provide balanced co-activation of the diaphragm and TrA with relatively less contraction of EO and subsequently producing motor control for efficient core stabilization.

scholarly journals Core Muscle Activity during Physical Fitness Exercises: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4306 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Oliva-Lozano ◽  
José M. Muyor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Lumbar Multifidus ◽  
External Oblique

The aim of this study was to systematically review the current literature on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of six core muscles (the rectus abdominis, the internal and external oblique, the transversus abdominis, the lumbar multifidus, and the erector spinae) during core physical fitness exercises in healthy adults. A systematic review of the literature was conducted on the Cochrane, EBSCO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases for studies from January 2012 to March 2020. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) the full text available in English; (b) a cross-sectional or longitudinal (experimental or cohorts) study design; (c) the reporting of electromyographic activity as a percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (% MVIC), millivolts or microvolts; (d) an analysis of the rectus abdominis (RA), transversus abdominis (TA), lumbar multifidus (MUL), erector spinae (ES), and the internal (IO) or external oblique (EO); (e) an analysis of physical fitness exercises for core training; and (f) healthy adult participants. The main findings indicate that the greatest activity of the RA, EO, and ES muscles was found in free-weight exercises. The greatest IO activity was observed in core stability exercises, while traditional exercises showed the greatest MUL activation. However, a lack of research regarding TA activation during core physical fitness exercises was revealed, in addition to a lack of consistency between the studies when applying methods to measure EMG activity.

scholarly journals Quantification of the Differences in Electromyographic Activity Magnitude Between the Upper and Lower Portions of the Rectus Abdominis Muscle During Selected Trunk Exercises

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1096-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J Lehman ◽  
Stuart M McGill
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Rectus Abdominis Muscle ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
External Oblique Muscle ◽  
External Oblique

Abstract Background and Purpose. Controversy exists around exercises and clinical tests that attempt to differentially activate the upper or lower portions of the rectus abdominis muscle. The purpose of this study was to assess the activation of the upper and lower portions of the rectus abdominis muscle during a variety of abdominal muscle contractions. Subjects. Subjects (N=11) were selected from a university population for athletic ability and low subcutaneous fat to optimize electromyographic (EMG) signal collection. Methods. Controlling for spine curvature, range of motion, and posture (and, therefore, muscle length), EMG activity of the external oblique muscle and upper and lower portions of rectus abdominis muscle was measured during the isometric portion of curl-ups, abdominal muscle lifts, leg raises, and restricted or attempted leg raises and curl-ups. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test for differences in activity between exercises in the external oblique and rectus abdominis muscles as well as between the portions of the rectus abdominis muscle. Results. No differences in muscle activity were found between the upper and lower portions of the rectus abdominis muscle within and between exercises. External oblique muscle activity, however, showed differences between exercises. Discussion and Conclusion. Normalizing the EMG signal led the authors to believe that the differences between the portions of the rectus abdominis muscle are small and may lack clinical or therapeutic relevance.

scholarly journals Trunk Muscle Activity in One- and Two-Armed American Kettlebell Swing in Resistance-Trained Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. E12-E18
Author(s):  
Vidar Andersen ◽  
Marius Fimland ◽  
Atle Saeterbakken
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Ipsilateral Side ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
The One

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the one-armed vs. two-armed American kettlebell swing on trunk muscle activation. Fifteen resistance-trained men performed ten repetitions of both exercises using a 14-kg kettlebell. Surface EMG from the erector spinae, rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles were collected on both sides of the trunk. The erector spinae activation during the one-armed swing was 14–25% higher on the contralateral compared to the ipsilateral side in both exercises (Cohen’s d effect size [ES]=0.41–0.71, p ˂ 0.001–0.034). Further, the contralateral side was 14% more activated during the two-armed swing compared to the ipsilateral side during the one-armed swing (ES=0.43, p=0.009). For the rectus abdominis muscle, the two-armed swing induced higher activation of the rectus abdominis compared to the one-armed swing on both the contralateral (40%, ES=0.48, p=0.040) and ipsilateral side (59%, ES=0.83, p=0.002). There were no differences for the external oblique muscle (p=0.495–0.662). In conclusion, the trunk activation patterns of the two exercises were different, which could be explained by different biomechanics in the two exercises, and could thus have complimentary effects. We recommend that both unilateral and bilateral execution of the American kettlebell swing is included over time.

Asymmetry in internal oblique muscle thickness: Not the key to a cricket fast bowler's performance

2022 ◽  
pp. 174795412110658
Author(s):  
Benita Olivier ◽  
Franso-Mari Olivier ◽  
Nkazimulo Mnguni ◽  
Oluchukwu Loveth Obiora
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Lumbar Multifidus ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Release Speed ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
Dominant Side

Purpose Previous studies found that trunk muscle asymmetry may play a role in preventing injury in cricket fast bowlers, while the association with bowling performance has not been investigated. This study aims to describe the side-to-side differences in trunk muscle thickness and determine the association between bowling performance and these side-to-side differences in trunk muscle thickness in adolescent fast bowlers. Methods In this observational cross-sectional study, bowling performance, namely ball release speed and bowling accuracy, was recorded in adolescent fast bowlers. Ultrasound imaging measured external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus muscle thickness. Results Fast bowlers (n = 46) with a mean age of 15.9 (±1.2) years participated. On the non-dominant side, the external oblique and internal oblique at rest were thicker than on the dominant side (external oblique: p = 0.011, effect size = 0.27; internal oblique: p < 0.0001, effect size = 0.40), while the transversus abdominus ( p = 0.72, effect size = 0.19) and lumbar multifidus ( p = 0.668, effect size = 0.04) were symmetrical. Weak correlations existed between bowling performance and the side-to-side differences in the thickness in all muscles, except for two moderate correlations: 1. The smaller the side-to-side difference in absolute thickness of the external oblique when contracted, the faster the ball release speed (Spearman's (ρ) = −0.455, p = 0.002). 2. Also, a smaller side-to-side difference in external oblique contraction ratio (Spearman's (ρ) = −0.495, p = 0.0001) was associated with faster ball release speed. Conclusions No relationship between bowling performance and side-to-side differences in internal oblique muscle thickness could be established, while more symmetrical external oblique muscles may be linked to faster ball release speeds.

scholarly journals Effect of the Abdominal Draw-In Maneuver and Bracing on Abdominal Muscle Thickness and the Associated Subjective Difficulty in Healthy Individuals

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Sachiko Madokoro ◽  
Masami Yokogawa ◽  
Hiroichi Miaki
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Spinal Stability ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Orthopedic Diseases ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
Made In

We evaluated the trunk abdominal muscle thickness while performing different exercises to identify the most effective training and to investigate the subjective difficulty associated with exercising. Twenty-eight men (mean age: 21.6 ± 0.9 years) without orthopedic diseases were enrolled. Ultrasonic imaging was used to measure the thickness of the transversus abdominis (TA), internal oblique, and external oblique muscles while at rest and while performing the abdominal draw-in maneuver and abdominal bracing. Measurements were made in the supine and sitting positions, and the subjective difficulty in performing each exercise was examined using a 5-level evaluation scale. The TA and internal oblique muscle thicknesses were significantly greater during the abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) than during bracing or resting, in the supine and sitting positions. The subjective difficulty of abdominal bracing (AB) was graded significantly higher than that of ADIM. Additionally, a correlation between subjective difficulty and muscle thickness was found for the TA and IO. Our results may contribute to the choice of more effective exercises for spinal stability.

The Effect of Strength Shoes on Muscle Activity during Quiet Standing

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Frank ◽  
Richard V. Baratta ◽  
Moshe Solomonow ◽  
Mackie Shilstone ◽  
Kevin Riché
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Emg Activity

The goal of this work was to study the effect of Strength Shoes on the activity of leg and postural muscles to gain insight into the mechanisms by which the shoes may improve athletic performance. Surface EMG signals were obtained from the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, and erector spinae of 18 healthy athletic subjects. The subjects stood quietly while wearing either normal athletic shoes or Strength Shoes. EMG root mean square value was compared in each muscle using trimmed paired t tests. Significant (p < .002) increases in EMG activity were found in the MG, TA, GM, and ES muscles when the subjects were wearing Strength Shoes as compared to normal shoes. These changes served to stiffen the ankle, counteracting the dorsiflexion moment created by the shoes, and to support an anterior leaning posture, which compensates for the anterior shift in center of pressure. No significant changes were detected in the activities of RF or BF muscles. Using Strength Shoes increased activity in the triceps surae complex and in other muscles mat support the changes in postural requirements caused by the anterior shift in center of pressure.

scholarly journals Impact of External Oblique Muscle Training on Ultrasonography and Spirometry Parameters Among Elderly Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1749-1754
Author(s):  
Vengata Subramani Manoharan ◽  
Ramani Subramaniyam ◽  
Siti Nurziehan Mohd Nawi ◽  
Sandheep Sugathan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Experimental Group

A progressive, generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and associated deterioration in muscle strength and performance increases with age. Aging affect the respiratory muscle performance on respiratory system due to anatomical and physiological changes in muscle strength as well as thickness of the respiratory muscles. During resting breathing the limitation of movement is more evident in expiration than inspiration were the FEV1/FVC% falls in older people. There are lot of study on peripheral muscle thickness and muscle torque among elderly population, but not much study on respiratory muscle training. This made us to conduct a study on pulmonary function and muscle thickness in elderly population by training the expiratory muscles. To determine the effects of external oblique muscle training on pulmonary function and muscle thickness in elderly population. 60 geriatric voluntary subjects were assigned to experimental and control group as (n=30) each. Experimental group subjected to 16 weeks of external oblique strengthening along with incentive spirometer training. Control group subjected to incentive spirometer alone. Pre and post training muscle thickness and pulmonary parameters were assessed. The paired t test found there is significant difference (P<0.05) between pre and post training muscle thickness and pulmonary parameters in experimental group. We recommend that resistance training, not only maintain the muscle thickness also improve the muscle thickness and pulmonary parameters among elderly population.

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