scholarly journals Association Between Previous Concussion Education and Concussion Care-Seeking Outcomes among NCAA Division I Student-Athletes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Callahan ◽  
Melissa C. Kay ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Madison T. Hinson ◽  
Laura A. Linnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Perceived Social Norms ◽  
Concussion Education

Abstract Context: There are limited data concerning differences in concussion education exposure and how education exposures relates to care-seeking and symptom disclosure, specifically in Division I student-athletes. Objective: Investigate demographic characteristics associated with concussion education exposure and examine whether overall education exposure (yes vs. no) and education source exposure number (multiple sources vs. single source) affects concussion care-seeking and disclosure factors in Division I student-athletes. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Classroom or online. Participants: NCAA Division I student-athletes (n=341). Main Outcome Measure(s): Frequencies and proportions were computed for sex, race, school year, sport, and concussion history across concussion education groups. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) quantified the association between student-athlete characteristics and 1) overall concussion education exposure and 2) source exposure number. Separate multivariable linear regression models estimated adjusted mean differences (MD) and 95%CI to assess differences in concussion knowledge, attitudes, and perceived social norms relative to concussion education exposure and exposure to multiple sources. Separate multivariable binomial regression models estimated adjusted PRs and 95%CI to assess associations of intention, perceived control, and care-seeking/disclosure behaviors and overall concussion education exposure and exposure to multiple sources. All models controlled for sex, sport, and concussion history. Results: Overall, n=276 (80.9%) reported previous concussion education, with 179 (64.9%) exposed to multiple sources. Student-athletes that participated in a contact sport (adjusted PR=1.24, 95%CI=1.06,1.44) and those who had a concussion history (adjusted PR=1.19, 95%CI=1.09,1.31) had higher prevalence of previous concussion education exposure. Females had a lower prevalence of reporting multiple sources (adjusted PR=0.82, 95%CI=0.68, 0.99). Overall concussion education exposure was significantly associated with more favorable perceived social norms surrounding concussion care-seeking (adjusted MD=1.37, 95%CI=0.13,2.61). Conclusions: Findings highlight potential differences in overall concussion education exposure and provide clinicians with information on groups who may benefit from targeted additional education.

scholarly journals Association Between Previous Concussion Education and Concussion Care-Seeking Outcomes Among National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Student-Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johna Register-Mihalik ◽  
Christine E. Callahan ◽  
Melissa C. Kay ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Madison T. Hinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Perceived Social Norms ◽  
Concussion Education

Context Limited data exist concerning differences in concussion-education exposure and how education exposures relate to care seeking and symptom disclosure, specifically by National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes. Objective To investigate demographic characteristics associated with concussion-education exposure and examine whether overall education exposure (yes versus no) and education-source exposure number (multiple sources versus a single source) affect concussion care-seeking and disclosure factors in Division I student-athletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Classroom or online survey. Patients or Other Participants Division I student-athletes (n = 341). Main Outcome Measure(s) Frequencies and proportions were computed for sex, race, school year, sport, and concussion history across concussion-education groups. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs were calculated to quantify the associations between student-athlete characteristics and (1) overall concussion-education exposure and (2) source-exposure number. Separate multivariable linear regression models estimated adjusted mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs, which allowed us to assess differences in concussion knowledge, attitudes, and perceived social norms relative to concussion-education exposure and exposure to multiple sources. Separate multivariable binomial regression models were performed to estimate adjusted PRs and 95% CIs in order to evaluate associations of intention, perceived control, and care-seeking or disclosure behaviors and overall concussion-education exposure and exposure to multiple sources. All models controlled for sex, sport, and concussion history. Results Overall, 276 (80.9%) participants reported previous concussion education, with 179 (64.9%) being exposed to multiple sources. Student-athletes who participated in a contact sport (adjusted PR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.44) and those who had a concussion history (adjusted PR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.31) had higher prevalences of concussion-education exposure. Females had a lower prevalence of reporting multiple sources (adjusted PR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.68, 0.99). Overall concussion-education exposure was significantly associated with more favorable perceived social norms surrounding concussion care seeking (adjusted MD = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.13, 2.61). Conclusions These findings highlighted the potential differences in overall concussion-education exposure and provide clinicians with information on groups who may benefit from additional targeted education.

scholarly journals Association between Sensation-Seeking Behaviors and Concussion-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceived Norms, and Care-Seeking Behaviors among Collegiate Student-Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Christine E. Callahan ◽  
Melissa K. Kossman ◽  
Jason P. Mihalik ◽  
Stephen W. Marshall ◽  
Paula Gildner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Perceived Social Norms ◽  
Concussion Attitudes

There are limited data connecting personality and behavioral tendencies and traits related to concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors and minimal research exists surrounding the relationship between risky behaviors, sensation-seeking, and concussion-related outcomes. This study examined the association between sensation-seeking and a student-athlete’s concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, perceived social norms, and concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors (intention to disclose concussion symptoms, perceived control over symptom disclosure, self-removal from play due to concussion symptoms, continued play with concussion symptoms, and disclosure of all concussions at the time of injury). The current study utilized a retrospective cohort of collegiate student-athletes at a single National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution. Separate multivariable linear regression models estimating mean differences (MD) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) estimated the association between sensation-seeking and concussion knowledge, concussion attitudes, and perceived social norms. Separate multivariable binomial regression models estimating adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95%CI estimated the association between sensation-seeking and intention to disclose concussion symptoms, perceived control over symptom disclosure, self-removal from play due to concussion symptoms, continued play with concussion symptoms, and disclosure of all concussions at the time of injury. All models were adjusted for sex, sport participation, and concussion history. Higher sensation-seeking was significantly associated with less favorable concussion attitudes (adjusted MD = -1.93; 95%CI = -3.04,-0.83), less favorable perceived social norms surrounding concussion (adjusted MD = -1.39; 95%CI = -2.06,-0.72), and continuing to play while experiencing concussion symptoms (adjusted PR = 1.50; 95%CI = 1.10, 2.06). Student-athletes with increased sensation-seeking could be at risk for failing to disclose a concussion, decreasing athlete safety and resulting in less optimal care post-injury. Results will inform future theory-based concussion education programs which consider behavioral tendencies and traits as well as sport culture to promote concussion care-seeking/disclosure and individualized interventions based on risky behavior engagement.

scholarly journals Influence of Concussion Education Exposure on Concussion-Related Educational Targets and Self-Reported Concussion Disclosure among First-Year Service Academy Cadets

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (3-4) ◽  
pp. e403-e409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johna K Register-Mihalik ◽  
Melissa C Kay ◽  
Zachary Y Kerr ◽  
Karen Y Peck ◽  
Megan N Houston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
First Year ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Service Academy ◽  
Concussion Education

Abstract Introduction Concussion disclosure is often essential for military personnel to receive appropriate care following concussive injury. Concussion-related education and training may play a role in improving disclosure and recognition among peers, allowing for more timely concussion identification and treatment. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe concussion education exposure among first-year service academy cadets and (2) examine the association between exposure to concussion education sources (multiple vs. only one) and concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, perceived social norms, intention to disclose symptoms, and disclosure behaviors. Materials and Methods First-year service academy cadets completed a cross-sectional survey to assess perceptions of concussion disclosure during preseason concussion baseline testing sessions. Associations between key cadet characteristics and exposure to multiple concussion education sources were examined using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Linear regression was used to model the continuous measures of concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, and perceived social norms. Log-binomial regression was used to model the categorical outcomes of high perceived control over concussion disclosure (higher vs. lower), intention to disclose (higher vs. lower), and disclosure of all possible concussive events at the time of injury (yes vs. no). The primary predictor for all models was exposure to multiple sources of concussion education (video, coach, medical professional, or other) vs. exposure to only one educational source. All models were adjusted for gender, high school contact sport participation, and previous concussion history. Results Of the 972 first-year cadets (85% response; age = 18.4 ± 0.9 years; 21.7% female, 29.0% NCAA student-athlete), 695 (71.5%) reported receiving some type of previous concussion education and 229 (23.6%) reported a previous concussion history (206/229 reported the actual number they experienced). Of those reporting previous concussion-related education (n = 695), 542 (78.0%) watched a video, 514 (74.0%) talked with a coach about concussion, 433 (62.3%) talked with a medical professional, and 61 (8.8%) reported other sources of education ranging from anatomy teachers to brochures. Overall, 527 (75.8%) reported receiving more than one source of concussion education. Having played a contact sport in high school and having a history of concussion were associated with having multiple concussion education exposures. Being female was associated with lower odds of multiple exposures. Exposure to multiple sources of concussion education was not associated with knowledge, attitudes, perceived norms, or higher intention to disclose concussion symptoms. However, among those with a concussion history, exposure to multiple sources of concussion education was associated with a nearly 40% higher prevalence of disclosing all concussions at the time of injury compared to only one source of educational exposure (67.1% vs. 48.3%; prevalence ratio = 1.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 2.1). Thus, although multiple sources of education may not influence intermediate variables of knowledge, attitudes, perceived norms and intentions, exposure to multiple sources of concussion education may influence actual decision-making around concussion disclosure among first-year service academy cadets. Conclusion These data suggest disparities in concussion education exposure that can be addressed in first-year cadets. Additionally, findings support the importance and use of multiple sources of concussion education in improving cadet’s concussion-related decision-making.

scholarly journals Not Going Pro: On Seeking Lasting Returns from College Sports

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Horner ◽  
Neal Ternes ◽  
Christopher McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Collegiate Athletics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Personal Investment

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) clearly states there are many favorable qualities derived from participation that benefit those “who go pro in something other than sports.” However, the ability of collegiate athletics to deliver on the promise of attributable long-term vocational value is rarely questioned. Instead, student-athletes are encouraged to think of their participation as a personal investment with enduring rewards for the investor. In this study involving former NCAA Division I student-athletes, the authors examined whether participation can be regarded as an investment and how student-athletes perceive the returns thus derived. Extending Becker’s (1962) theory of human capital investment to sport participation, the authors probed participants’ experiences for evidence of investment thinking and lasting benefits in corporeal, economic, social, and cultural varieties. The findings support the notion that participation in collegiate athletics can be broadly defined as an investment, but not in accordance with the long-term utility maximizing rationale described by neoclassical economists. Furthermore, the high cost of participation, inherent uncertainty, and unreliable information confound the athlete’s decision-making and blur the distinction between consumption in the present and investing for the future.

“Do Not Question Authority”: Examining Team Rules in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Women’s Basketball

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-325
Author(s):  
Leslie K. Larsen ◽  
Leslee A. Fisher ◽  
Terilyn C. Shigeno ◽  
Matthew P. Bejar ◽  
Melissa N. Madeson
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Consensual Qualitative Research ◽  
Athletic Departments ◽  
Organizational Loyalty ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Women's Basketball

While the policies National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic departments have in place regarding social media and drug abuse have been empirically investigated, research on the full battery of rules implemented by NCAA teams is scant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the written team rules of 41 NCAA Division I women’s basketball teams to better understand the types of rules that are in place and to hypothesize the effects these rules might have on the development of an autonomy-supportive environment. Using Consensual Qualitative Research, the research team constructed seven domains with multiple categories to represent the data. The domains included the following: (a) program expectations, (b) controlled communication, (c) controlled relationships, (d) controlled appearance/attire, (e) controlled social behavior, (f) recommendations for optimal physical performance, and (g) academic expectation. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that NCAA Division I women’s basketball coaches use team rules as a tool for domination rather than a strategy for developing the autonomy of student-athletes. We offer practical suggestions for coach educators, coach developers, and coaches on best practices when creating team rules to develop an autonomy-supportive environment that strengthens organizational loyalty and improves the experiences of student-athletes.

The Existence of Sport Psychology Services Among NCAA Division I FBS University Athletic Departments and Counseling Centers

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Hayden ◽  
Alan S. Kornspan ◽  
Zachary T. Bruback ◽  
Michael C. Parent ◽  
Matthew Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Counseling Centers ◽  
Athletic Departments ◽  
University Counseling ◽  
University Counseling Centers ◽  
Division I Football

One hundred twenty university counseling centers and athletic-department websites were viewed and analyzed for the provision of sport psychology services specifically to NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) Division I Football Bowl Championship Series (FBS) student athletes. Using content-analysis methodology, the present research identified a fair number of university athletic departments (n = 29) and university counseling centers (n = 6) that provided specific sport psychology services. In addition, most athletic departments and counseling centers that provided sport psychology services had one individual on staff who was listed as the service provider. Results of the study are discussed in relation to providing a current understanding of the extent to which sport psychology is presently being provided to NCAA Division I FBS university student athletes. Future qualitative research is recommended to examine the work of professionals providing sport psychology services in athletic departments and counseling centers to better understand the precise nature of the services provided.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Concussion Nondisclosure in Collegiate Student-Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Morgan Anderson ◽  
Kyle M. Petit ◽  
Jessica Wallace ◽  
Tracey Covassin ◽  
Erica Beidler
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Concussion Knowledge ◽  
Concussion Education

Context Mandated concussion education has aimed to improve student-athlete knowledge; however, some collegiate student-athletes continue to not disclose concussion. Concussion knowledge may not be the only factor influencing reporting, as student-athlete sex, sport, and pressure from external stakeholders (eg, coaches, teammates, fans, parents or family) have all been documented as influencing collegiate concussion-reporting behavior. Objective To examine factors associated with concussion nondisclosure in collegiate student-athletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Four National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and two Division II universities. Patients or Other Participants A total of 1125 collegiate student-athletes completed the survey, and 741 provided viable responses and were included for data analysis. Main Outcome Measure(s) We used a 10- to 15-minute electronic or paper-and-pencil survey that asked about personal and sport demographics, diagnosed concussions and nondisclosed concussion history, concussion knowledge, and level of agreement regarding pressure to play after a head impact experienced during collegiate sport participation. Significant univariable factors were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results Sex (P = .005), sport-risk type (P < .001), diagnosed concussion history (P < .001), concussion knowledge (P = .017), and pressure from coaches (P < .001), teammates (P < .001), fans (P = .024), and parents or family (P = .003) were factors associated with concussion nondisclosure in individual univariable logistic regressions. After we conducted multivariable analyses, male sex (P = .001), high concussion-risk sport participation (P = .048), diagnosed concussion history (P < .001), increased concussion knowledge (P = .013), and experiencing pressure from coaches to continue playing after sustaining a hit to the head (P = .002) were factors associated with concussion nondisclosure in collegiate student-athletes. Conclusions Our results suggest that concussion-education programs should go beyond the identification of signs and symptoms to include the dangers of continuing to play, long-term consequences, and transparency about concussion protocols. Comprehensive concussion-education programs should involve coaches and athletes to improve the reporting culture.

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