scholarly journals Association between Sensation-Seeking Behaviors and Concussion-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceived Norms, and Care-Seeking Behaviors among Collegiate Student-Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Christine E. Callahan ◽  
Melissa K. Kossman ◽  
Jason P. Mihalik ◽  
Stephen W. Marshall ◽  
Paula Gildner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Perceived Social Norms ◽  
Concussion Attitudes

There are limited data connecting personality and behavioral tendencies and traits related to concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors and minimal research exists surrounding the relationship between risky behaviors, sensation-seeking, and concussion-related outcomes. This study examined the association between sensation-seeking and a student-athlete’s concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, perceived social norms, and concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors (intention to disclose concussion symptoms, perceived control over symptom disclosure, self-removal from play due to concussion symptoms, continued play with concussion symptoms, and disclosure of all concussions at the time of injury). The current study utilized a retrospective cohort of collegiate student-athletes at a single National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution. Separate multivariable linear regression models estimating mean differences (MD) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) estimated the association between sensation-seeking and concussion knowledge, concussion attitudes, and perceived social norms. Separate multivariable binomial regression models estimating adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95%CI estimated the association between sensation-seeking and intention to disclose concussion symptoms, perceived control over symptom disclosure, self-removal from play due to concussion symptoms, continued play with concussion symptoms, and disclosure of all concussions at the time of injury. All models were adjusted for sex, sport participation, and concussion history. Higher sensation-seeking was significantly associated with less favorable concussion attitudes (adjusted MD = -1.93; 95%CI = -3.04,-0.83), less favorable perceived social norms surrounding concussion (adjusted MD = -1.39; 95%CI = -2.06,-0.72), and continuing to play while experiencing concussion symptoms (adjusted PR = 1.50; 95%CI = 1.10, 2.06). Student-athletes with increased sensation-seeking could be at risk for failing to disclose a concussion, decreasing athlete safety and resulting in less optimal care post-injury. Results will inform future theory-based concussion education programs which consider behavioral tendencies and traits as well as sport culture to promote concussion care-seeking/disclosure and individualized interventions based on risky behavior engagement.

scholarly journals Association Between Previous Concussion Education and Concussion Care-Seeking Outcomes among NCAA Division I Student-Athletes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Callahan ◽  
Melissa C. Kay ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Madison T. Hinson ◽  
Laura A. Linnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Perceived Social Norms ◽  
Concussion Education

Abstract Context: There are limited data concerning differences in concussion education exposure and how education exposures relates to care-seeking and symptom disclosure, specifically in Division I student-athletes. Objective: Investigate demographic characteristics associated with concussion education exposure and examine whether overall education exposure (yes vs. no) and education source exposure number (multiple sources vs. single source) affects concussion care-seeking and disclosure factors in Division I student-athletes. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Classroom or online. Participants: NCAA Division I student-athletes (n=341). Main Outcome Measure(s): Frequencies and proportions were computed for sex, race, school year, sport, and concussion history across concussion education groups. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) quantified the association between student-athlete characteristics and 1) overall concussion education exposure and 2) source exposure number. Separate multivariable linear regression models estimated adjusted mean differences (MD) and 95%CI to assess differences in concussion knowledge, attitudes, and perceived social norms relative to concussion education exposure and exposure to multiple sources. Separate multivariable binomial regression models estimated adjusted PRs and 95%CI to assess associations of intention, perceived control, and care-seeking/disclosure behaviors and overall concussion education exposure and exposure to multiple sources. All models controlled for sex, sport, and concussion history. Results: Overall, n=276 (80.9%) reported previous concussion education, with 179 (64.9%) exposed to multiple sources. Student-athletes that participated in a contact sport (adjusted PR=1.24, 95%CI=1.06,1.44) and those who had a concussion history (adjusted PR=1.19, 95%CI=1.09,1.31) had higher prevalence of previous concussion education exposure. Females had a lower prevalence of reporting multiple sources (adjusted PR=0.82, 95%CI=0.68, 0.99). Overall concussion education exposure was significantly associated with more favorable perceived social norms surrounding concussion care-seeking (adjusted MD=1.37, 95%CI=0.13,2.61). Conclusions: Findings highlight potential differences in overall concussion education exposure and provide clinicians with information on groups who may benefit from targeted additional education.

scholarly journals Association Between Previous Concussion Education and Concussion Care-Seeking Outcomes Among National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Student-Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johna Register-Mihalik ◽  
Christine E. Callahan ◽  
Melissa C. Kay ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Madison T. Hinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Perceived Social Norms ◽  
Concussion Education

Context Limited data exist concerning differences in concussion-education exposure and how education exposures relate to care seeking and symptom disclosure, specifically by National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes. Objective To investigate demographic characteristics associated with concussion-education exposure and examine whether overall education exposure (yes versus no) and education-source exposure number (multiple sources versus a single source) affect concussion care-seeking and disclosure factors in Division I student-athletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Classroom or online survey. Patients or Other Participants Division I student-athletes (n = 341). Main Outcome Measure(s) Frequencies and proportions were computed for sex, race, school year, sport, and concussion history across concussion-education groups. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs were calculated to quantify the associations between student-athlete characteristics and (1) overall concussion-education exposure and (2) source-exposure number. Separate multivariable linear regression models estimated adjusted mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs, which allowed us to assess differences in concussion knowledge, attitudes, and perceived social norms relative to concussion-education exposure and exposure to multiple sources. Separate multivariable binomial regression models were performed to estimate adjusted PRs and 95% CIs in order to evaluate associations of intention, perceived control, and care-seeking or disclosure behaviors and overall concussion-education exposure and exposure to multiple sources. All models controlled for sex, sport, and concussion history. Results Overall, 276 (80.9%) participants reported previous concussion education, with 179 (64.9%) being exposed to multiple sources. Student-athletes who participated in a contact sport (adjusted PR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.44) and those who had a concussion history (adjusted PR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.31) had higher prevalences of concussion-education exposure. Females had a lower prevalence of reporting multiple sources (adjusted PR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.68, 0.99). Overall concussion-education exposure was significantly associated with more favorable perceived social norms surrounding concussion care seeking (adjusted MD = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.13, 2.61). Conclusions These findings highlighted the potential differences in overall concussion-education exposure and provide clinicians with information on groups who may benefit from additional targeted education.

Disinfect the Rec: Creating and Implementing a Disinfection Campaign at Gyms Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Thomas Meade
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Perceived Social Norms

Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; Ajzen, 1985; 1991), a campaign meant to persuade gym users to disinfect their gym equipment was created and implemented through two studies. Study One consisted of a survey ( N = 200). Participants reported their attitudes, perceived social norms, perceived control, behavioral intentions, and behaviors about disinfecting gym equipment. Participants were also asked to report their reasoning for either disinfecting or not disinfecting equipment. From these answers, a persuasive campaign consisting of large posters was created and formed Study Two. Study Two implemented the campaign using the predictors of the TPB. Three gyms were observed. Perceived social norms showed the greatest jump in the desired behavior of disinfecting gym equipment. Future implementation and avenues of research are discussed.

Perceived social norms and concussion-disclosure behaviours among first-year NCAA student-athletes: implications for concussion prevention and education

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johna K. Register-Mihalik ◽  
Stephen W. Marshall ◽  
Melissa C. Kay ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Karen Y. Peck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
First Year ◽  
Perceived Social Norms

scholarly journals The Association Between Sensation-seeking Behaviors And Concussion Care-seeking Intentions And Disclosure Behaviors Among Collegiate Student-athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (8S) ◽  
pp. 330-330
Author(s):  
Christine E. Callahan ◽  
Melissa C. Kay ◽  
Jason P. Mihalik ◽  
Steve W. Marshall ◽  
Paula Gildner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Care Seeking

scholarly journals Sport-Related Concussion Reporting and Coach-Athlete Attachment Among Collegiate Student-Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Milroy ◽  
Stephen Hebard ◽  
Emily Kroshus ◽  
David L. Wyrick
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Help Seeking Behavior ◽  
Group Interventions ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The U.S

Between 2001 and 2015, 3.4 million traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurrences in the U.S. were accounted for by sport participation. It is estimated between 12% and 60% of athletes delay seeking care after sustaining a concussion. Differences in sport-related concussion (SRC) reporting have been attributed to several different factors. Whereas prior research related to SRC reporting behavior focus on normative and competitive pressures to continue play, less attention is given to the interpersonal context in which reporting takes place. Grounded in attachment theory, this study investigated relationships between coach-athlete attachment and help-seeking behavior. Findings suggest that as coach-athlete anxiousness increases, not reporting increases. and as coach-athlete secureness increases, not reporting decreases. Logistic regression analyses indicate that secure coach attachment significantly predicts greater likelihood of SRC reporting. These findings underscore the important role coach-athlete relationships may have on care-seeking behaviors of student-athletes and can inform individual and group interventions promoting SRC reporting.

Social norms for the desirability of sensation seeking

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Rowland ◽  
T. Heatherton
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Sensation Seeking

Drugs and the College Athlete: An Analysis of the Attitudes of Student Athletes at Risk

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Tricker ◽  
Declan Connolly
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
College Athlete ◽  
Salient Beliefs

Theories related to planned behavior and reasoned action have included an individual's attitude as an important factor in the formation of behavioral intentions and behaviors [1, 2]. Research on this topic suggests that salient beliefs affect intentions and subsequent behaviors, either through attitudes or subjective norms, or the degree of (perceived) control that an individual feels he/she has over the behavior. This study was designed to examine the relative importance of selected attitude variables in describing a profile of athletes who were at risk for using anabolic steroids, human grown hormone, amphetamines, cocaine, and marijuana. Responses from 563 student athletes at two Division One NCAA universities were used in the study. The results of this study suggest that subjective norms, based on the influence of drug testing, peer influence, and a fear of detection are significant factors that influence the decisions of student athletes related to using banned substances. In this article characteristics of at-risk athletes are presented with recommendations for drug education programs for student athletes.

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