ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER CONSUMPTION AND LOSS. THE CASE OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS WITH LOW LEVEL COUNTING (BISKRA - ALGERIA)

Demand for drinking domestic water is continuously increasing specially in urban centres which experience high demographic expansion. The decrease of water losses in water supply networks can help preserve such a rare resource. Low number of water meters and intermittent supply make it difficult to quantify the leaking volumes of water. This article presents an analysis of the consumption for drinking water based on an extrapolation from a sample of consumers on whom data are available. Comparison of the volumes of water produced allows a determination of the losses in the water supply system. This analysis is completed by measurements of night flows. The results obtained may be relied on for an evaluation of the needs for drinking water in the South of Algeria, and for future regional development. The study indicates a high rate of water losses in the distribution network, reaching about 40%, and over-consumption due to an insufficient number of water meters and discontinuous supply. It is recommended that water meters come into general use and defective parts of the network are rehabilitated. We will try then to make the necessary recommendations in order to better functioning of the water supply systems in Algeria.

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ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER CONSUMPTION AND LOSS. THE CASE OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS WITH LOW LEVEL COUNTING (BISKRA - ALGERIA)

Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering ◽

10.4090/juee.2016.v10n2.162-168 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 162-168

Author(s):

Rachid Masmoudi ◽

Ahmed Kettab ◽

Bernard Brémond

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

High Rate ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Water Losses ◽

Supply Networks ◽

Water Supply Networks ◽

Water Meters ◽

Supply Systems

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Analysis of Water Losses and Assessment of Initiatives Aimed at Their Reduction in Selected Water Supply Systems

Water ◽

10.3390/w11051037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ewa Ociepa ◽

Maciej Mrowiec ◽

Iwona Deska

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Water Loss ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

International Standards ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Water Losses ◽

Supply Networks ◽

Water Supply Networks ◽

Loss Index ◽

Water Meters

This paper presents the analysis and assessment of water losses in water distribution systems of three water supply companies operating water supply networks in the area of effect of underground mining. The analysis of water losses was conducted based on numerous indices allowing for obtaining objective information on the condition of the water supply system. The method of the analysis of percentage water loss index was extended by the methods of determination of losses according to the International Water Association. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that with regular actions, the companies have reduced water losses in recent years to a level considered to be good compared to national data and average compared to international standards. The value of the failure intensity index for all companies in 2011 was over 1.0 while currently it is about 0.5. The decrease in Non-Revenue Water basic loss index (NRWB) from more than 20% for all analysed companies in 2008 to a few percent in 2017 and the decrease in Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) for companies A and C to less than 2.0 are evidence of the good condition of the network. This is also confirmed by the unit water loss index per capita, with its value in 2017 being 9.1 dm3/(inhabitant day) for company A, 11 dm3/(inhabitant·day) for B and 7.4 dm3/(inhabitant·day) for C. The several years of analysis and evaluation of numerous indices of water loss presented in the paper reveals the effectiveness of the adopted strategies of reducing leakages in the distribution system. It should be emphasized that the analysed companies have been involved in comprehensive initiatives aimed at reducing water leakages, resulting in a substantial reduction in water losses. GIS monitoring systems and databases are particularly helpful in reducing water losses. The basis of the activities is monitoring of flow and pressure in water supply networks and active leakage control. Network zoning with simultaneous observation of minimum night-time flows allows for preliminary location of the failure. Equipping companies with special leakage detection devices such as geophones, stethophones or correlators enables quick detection of leakages. The next step is to replace water meters with more and more accurate ones and to implement radio reading of water meters. All analysed companies perform systematic replacement of old steel and cast iron pipes which cause a large number of leakages that are often difficult to identify, thus leading to water losses.

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The information and computing complex “ANGARA-VS” for end-to-end modeling of water supply systems when developing development schemes, scheduling modes, and dispatching management

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201821206001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 212 ◽

pp. 06001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexander Alexeev ◽

Nikolay Novitsky

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Water Supply ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Supply Networks ◽

Water Supply Networks ◽

Management And Development ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

End To End ◽

Supply Systems ◽

Operational Modes

The paper presents a brief description of the problems of making technological decisions to manage the development and functioning of water supply networks in conditions of territorial, structural, and temporal disconnection of the decision-making processes at WKX enterprises. An approach to overcome such problems is proposed, based on the application of end-to-end modeling technologies and a single information space of the enterprise based on the application of the ANGARA-VS information and computing complex. Its brief characteristics and functions are given. The experience of automation of development of operational modes and dispatching management and development of perspective schemes of water supply in Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Vodokanal", Irkutsk.

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The management system of water supply in the cities of Donbass

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201824507005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 245 ◽

pp. 07005

Author(s):

Viktor Maslak ◽

Nadiya Nasonkina ◽

Svetlana Antonenko ◽

Marina Gutarova ◽

Alyona Tryakina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Supply System ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Water Losses ◽

Accuracy Class ◽

Water Supply Management ◽

Water Meters ◽

Supply Systems

During more than twenty years, survey of water supply systems in the cities of Donbass was conducted. The aim of the study was to develop a strategy for managing this sector, which allows for precise monitoring of water consumption and reducing water loss. In the course of the research, water consumption metering was carried out using counters, the operation of the devices was assessed taking into account the accuracy class and installation features. It is established that the actual value of water consumption is below the standard. The water consumption decreases with an increase in the percentage of installation of water meters and with an increase in the number of tenants in an apartment. The need to bring the general house and intra-apartment meters to the same accuracy class and regulate the installation position of the water meter was identified. Based on the optimization of conditions, the program management of water supply systems by means of zoning territories and the installation of ’’clever’’ meters was proposed. Approbation of the water supply management strategy allowed within the project to reduce water losses by 20% and use the technological reserve for the modernization of the water supply system.

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Influence of multiple uses of water on the sustainability of communally-managed rural water supply systems in Zimbabwe

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2020.173 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tendai Kativhu ◽

Dominic Mazvimavi ◽

Daniel Tevera ◽

Innocent Nhapi

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Water Sources ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Community Gardening ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Rural Water Supply ◽

Rural Water ◽

Multiple Uses ◽

Supply Systems

Abstract The utilisation of drinking water supply systems for productive uses is not a new practice in Zimbabwe and the world over. This study sought to explore how multiple uses of water, in this case community gardening as a productive use combined with domestic uses influence sustainability of communally-managed rural water supply systems. Using the independent samples t-test, it was noted that community gardening positively influences sustainability. The test was done on institutional, technical, social and financial factors of sustainability. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in sustainability performance between water points used for multiple uses and those used for domestic uses only. However, it was also noted that using drinking water sources for multiple uses increases the frequency of water use conflicts and water point breakdowns, which negatively impact on sustainability. This means that where water sources are used for multiple uses additional management skills and resources may be required for the water points to be sustained. The study concluded that using domestic water sources for productive purposes enhances sustainability of water supply facilities; however, consideration has to be given about the relative importance and scale of the type of productive activity to be implemented.

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Considerations on Drinking Water Management in the Moldavian Plateau and Plain Region

Present Environment and Sustainable Development ◽

10.2478/pesd-2018-0011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 139-147

Author(s):

Ștefania Chirica ◽

Alexandru-Lucian Luca ◽

Iustina Lateș

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Sources ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Water Losses ◽

Supply Systems ◽

Regional Water

Abstract The Moldavian Plateau and Plain have few drinking water sources (the case of Iaşi and Vaslui Counties). The main type of fresh water sources are groundwater and surface water. The Moldavian Plateau rural settlements are affected the most by the lack of viable, unpolluted water sources to ensure a volume able to cover the consumers’ demand. The pollution phenomenon induced by the non-availability of rural sewerage systems and also by the settlements’ areas foundation rocks have decreased the groundwater and surface water sources quality parameters. The adduction, transport and distribution networks of water supply systems are affected by the „water loss“ phenomenon. Water management in a transmission and distribution network must correlate the number of water sources, available volume, acceptable quality parameters and inherent water losses from networks with the consumers’ demands. The optimisation of water management in a given geographic space has led to the establishment of „regional water supply systems“. This process relies on the minimisation of water losses. The case study carried out in Iaşi County shows the importance of the regional water supply system development through optimal exploitation of Moldavian Plateau and Plain water sources.

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0307 - Effect of multiple selective pressures on environmental adaptability of Sphingomonas in drinking water supply systems

10.26226/morressier.5b5199beb1b87b000ecee8d9 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaohui Bai

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Drinking Water Supply ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Selective Pressures ◽

Environmental Adaptability ◽

Supply Systems

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Service activities relating to drinking water supply systems and wastewater systems. Crisis management. Good practice for technical aspects

10.3403/30287993u ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Crisis Management ◽

Good Practice ◽

Drinking Water Supply ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Technical Aspects ◽

Service Activities ◽

Wastewater Systems ◽

Supply Systems

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Methodological Approaches to Organization of Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Programs

ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.35627/2219-5238/2020-331-10-4-8 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 4-8

Author(s):

Yu.A. Novikova ◽

I.O. Myasnikov ◽

A.A. Kovshov ◽

N.A. Tikhonova ◽

N.S. Bashketova

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Quality Monitoring ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Monitoring Programs ◽

Supply Systems

Summary. Introduction: Drinking water is one of the most important environmental factors sustaining life and determining human health. The goal of the Russian Federal Clean Water Project is to improve drinking water quality through upgrading of water treatment and supply systems using advanced technologies, including those developed by the military-industrial complex. The most informative and reliable sources of information for assessing drinking water quality are the results of systematic laboratory testing obtained within the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring (SGM) and production control carried out by water supply organizations. The objective of our study was to formulate approaches to organizing quality monitoring programs for centralized cold water supply systems. Materials and methods: We reviewed programs and results of drinking water quality laboratory tests performed by Rospotrebnadzor bodies and institutions within the framework of SGM in 2017–2018. Results: We established that drinking water quality monitoring in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation differs significantly in the number of monitoring points (566 in the Krasnoyarsk Krai vs 10 in Sevastopol) and measured indicators, especially sanitary and chemical ones (53 inorganic and organic substances in the Kemerovo Region vs one indicator in the Amur Region). Discussion: For a more complete and objective assessment of drinking water quality in centralized cold water supply systems, monitoring points should be organized at all stages of water supply with account for the coverage of the maximum number of people supplied with water from a particular network. Thus, the number of points in the distribution network should depend, inter alia, on the size of population served. In urban settlements with up to 10,000 inhabitants, for example, at least 4 points should be organized while in the cities with more than 3,000,000 inhabitants at least 80 points are necessary. We developed minimum mandatory lists of indicators and approaches to selecting priority indices to be monitored at all stages of drinking water supply.

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