scholarly journals Considerations on Drinking Water Management in the Moldavian Plateau and Plain Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Ștefania Chirica ◽  
Alexandru-Lucian Luca ◽  
Iustina Lateș
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Regional Water

Abstract The Moldavian Plateau and Plain have few drinking water sources (the case of Iaşi and Vaslui Counties). The main type of fresh water sources are groundwater and surface water. The Moldavian Plateau rural settlements are affected the most by the lack of viable, unpolluted water sources to ensure a volume able to cover the consumers’ demand. The pollution phenomenon induced by the non-availability of rural sewerage systems and also by the settlements’ areas foundation rocks have decreased the groundwater and surface water sources quality parameters. The adduction, transport and distribution networks of water supply systems are affected by the „water loss“ phenomenon. Water management in a transmission and distribution network must correlate the number of water sources, available volume, acceptable quality parameters and inherent water losses from networks with the consumers’ demands. The optimisation of water management in a given geographic space has led to the establishment of „regional water supply systems“. This process relies on the minimisation of water losses. The case study carried out in Iaşi County shows the importance of the regional water supply system development through optimal exploitation of Moldavian Plateau and Plain water sources.

scholarly journals StygoTracing - First experiences with biological tracers in drinking water extraction areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne van den Berg-Stein ◽  
Diana Burghardt ◽  
Klaus Schwenk ◽  
Hans Jürgen Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Fragmented Habitat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Good Tracer ◽  
Supply Systems

Although groundwater is a highly fragmented habitat, both faunistic and hydraulic interactions exist between different aquifers and between groundwater and surface water. For the drinking water suppliers, in particular surface water intrusion into groundwater means an increased risk of contamination. Thus risk assessment is essential for quality assurance in drinking water supply. In this context, several questions arise: 1) Where does the water come from?; 2) Are there any hydraulic shortcuts to surface waters?; 3) Are there any hydrological interactions between different aquifers?; 4) What are the catchment borders? Invertebrate fauna may display the strength and the direction of hydrological interactions since the dispersal is linked to hydrological pathways. Our hypothesis is: The more intense the hydrogeological interactions the closer the relationship between individuals and populations. The degree of relationship can be determined using a kind of paternity test for invertebrates. This is a population genetic, microsatellite-based method called StygoTracing. The most important tools of StygoTracing are the primers, which have to be designed for each individual tracer species. Good tracer species are those, which have a wide distribution and occur with high frequency and are easy to determine. We have chosen three species both stygo- and non-stygobiotic ones. The primers and microsatellite analysis applied proved to be suitable even to distinguish single individuals from each other. StygoTracing has been successfully tested for water supply systems, but not yet in the field. Thus seven pilot areas were selected in Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Palatinate and Saxony, and sampling was conducted on a total of 186 groundwater, spring and stream sites. Meanwhile, first genetic data are available and initial evaluations reveal plausible correlations on different spatial scales.

scholarly journals PATTERN OF WATER SUPPLY IN RELATION TO DIFFERENT WATER SOURCES IN METROPOLITAN KANO

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-696
Author(s):  
Abubakar Hadiza Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Different Water Sources

The study carried out on pattern of water supply in relation to different water sources in metropolitan Kano was aimed to assess the pattern of water supply in the area. Eight local government areas were found in the area but six local government areas were selected in conducting the research work. The selected local government areas included dala, Fagge, Kano Municipal, Gwale, Tarauni, Nassarawa. The research work was conducted through the following methods of data collection, (questionnaire and interview). Krecjie and morgan sampling techniques was adopted in administering the questionnaire, because it was the best sampling techniques that suited the study. The result of the findings indicated that ground water sources are now the major sources of water used in the study area, pipe borne water was generally inadequate. Dala, Kano Municipal, Fagge and Gwale were the areas mostly affected with scarcity of pipe borne water. Other sources of water for household usage included water from vendors and water supply Tankers. Some sources of water were founded inactive (that is sources of water producing less or no water due to some problems). Most people in the area depend on sachet water as their source of drinking water. Finally, in order to overcome some of the problems of water is their source of drinking water. Finally, in order to overcome some of the problems of water supply it was recommended that there should be alternative sources of power, regular maintenance, train of manpower, and effective management of water supply systems.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER CONSUMPTION AND LOSS. THE CASE OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS WITH LOW LEVEL COUNTING (BISKRA - ALGERIA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Masmoudi ◽  
Ahmed Kettab ◽  
Bernard Brémond
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Supply Systems

Demand for drinking domestic water is continuously increasing specially in urban centres which experience high demographic expansion. The decrease of water losses in water supply networks can help preserve such a rare resource. Low number of water meters and intermittent supply make it difficult to quantify the leaking volumes of water. This article presents an analysis of the consumption for drinking water based on an extrapolation from a sample of consumers on whom data are available. Comparison of the volumes of water produced allows a determination of the losses in the water supply system. This analysis is completed by measurements of night flows. The results obtained may be relied on for an evaluation of the needs for drinking water in the South of Algeria, and for future regional development. The study indicates a high rate of water losses in the distribution network, reaching about 40%, and over-consumption due to an insufficient number of water meters and discontinuous supply. It is recommended that water meters come into general use and defective parts of the network are rehabilitated. We will try then to make the necessary recommendations in order to better functioning of the water supply systems in Algeria.

scholarly journals Developing THMs’ Predictive Models in Two Water Supply Systems in Greece

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Tsitsifli ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Supply Systems

Disinfection is a very significant water treatment process for drinking water safety, as it inactivates pathogens from drinking water. However, disinfection-by-products (DBPs) are formed which are accused of contributing to cancer and reproductive/developmental effects. Research has provided many predictive models for the formation of DBPs based on various water quality parameters and following different methodologies. The present study aims at developing predictive models for the formation of DBPs in two drinking water supply systems in Greece. Data from the water supply systems are used. A statistical analysis took place to identify the predictive models for the formation of Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs). The results showed that some of the developed models are more reliable than others. However, further study is necessary in order to obtain more data on variables that are affecting trihalomethanes (THMs) formation. Such models can be used mainly locally.

scholarly journals Influence of multiple uses of water on the sustainability of communally-managed rural water supply systems in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tendai Kativhu ◽  
Dominic Mazvimavi ◽  
Daniel Tevera ◽  
Innocent Nhapi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Community Gardening ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Multiple Uses ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract The utilisation of drinking water supply systems for productive uses is not a new practice in Zimbabwe and the world over. This study sought to explore how multiple uses of water, in this case community gardening as a productive use combined with domestic uses influence sustainability of communally-managed rural water supply systems. Using the independent samples t-test, it was noted that community gardening positively influences sustainability. The test was done on institutional, technical, social and financial factors of sustainability. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in sustainability performance between water points used for multiple uses and those used for domestic uses only. However, it was also noted that using drinking water sources for multiple uses increases the frequency of water use conflicts and water point breakdowns, which negatively impact on sustainability. This means that where water sources are used for multiple uses additional management skills and resources may be required for the water points to be sustained. The study concluded that using domestic water sources for productive purposes enhances sustainability of water supply facilities; however, consideration has to be given about the relative importance and scale of the type of productive activity to be implemented.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER CONSUMPTION AND LOSS. THE CASE OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS WITH LOW LEVEL COUNTING (BISKRA - ALGERIA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Rachid Masmoudi ◽  
Ahmed Kettab ◽  
Bernard Brémond
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Supply Systems

Demand for drinking domestic water is continuously increasing specially in urban centres which experience high demographic expansion. The decrease of water losses in water supply networks can help preserve such a rare resource. Low number of water meters and intermittent supply make it difficult to quantify the leaking volumes of water. This article presents an analysis of the consumption for drinking water based on an extrapolation from a sample of consumers on whom data are available. Comparison of the volumes of water produced allows a determination of the losses in the water supply system. This analysis is completed by measurements of night flows. The results obtained may be relied on for an evaluation of the needs for drinking water in the South of Algeria, and for future regional development. The study indicates a high rate of water losses in the distribution network, reaching about 40%, and over-consumption due to an insufficient number of water meters and discontinuous supply. It is recommended that water meters come into general use and defective parts of the network are rehabilitated. We will try then to make the necessary recommendations in order to better functioning of the water supply systems in Algeria.

Assessment of the radiation safety of drinking water and surface water bodies used for recreational purposes in the Voronezh region

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Igor I. Mekhantyev ◽  
Yuriy I. Stepkin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Artesian Wells ◽  
Supply Systems

AIM: This study aimed to assess the radiation safety of surface water bodies used for recreational purposes and drinking water used by the population of the Voronezh Region (VR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The fond materials of the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in VR in 20152019 were used. The following parameters were analyzed: total and activities and specific activity of radioactive substances in the water of open reservoirs (137Сs, 210Po, 226Ra, and 228Ra) and in the sources of drinking water (210Po and 222Rn). The annual effective dose was calculated on the basis of the probable consumption of drinking water from the centralized drinking water supply systems. The content of radionuclides in the water of open reservoirs was analyzed in three control points and in drinking water found in 2,036 water intake artesian wells of the centralized drinking water supply systems. Then, 100% of the sources were surveyed in terms of total and activities. The radiation safety of bottled drinking water from nine manufacturers was assessed on the basis of the data of the Federal State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance. Water in open reservoirs and drinking water, including water packaged in containers, were laboratory controlled on the basis of an accredited testing laboratory center (Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the VR) by using MKS-01A Multirad spectrometric installation (Akvilon, Russia). UMF-2000 - and -radiometers were utilized to measure small activities (NPP, Doza, Russia). RESULTS: According to the regional databases of Rospotrebnadzor Administration regarding water from open water bodies for the population (three monitoring points: Tikhaya Sosna, Sukhaya Khvorostan, and Usman rivers) in 20152019, values did not exceed the intervention limit that was registered in terms of the content of the controlled radioactive substances (210Ро, 234U, 222Rn, and 137Сs) and the total and activities. Water from artesian wells used for drinking and domestic purposes fully met the requirements of radiation safety. The average annual effective radiation doses (AAERD) of the population in the VO in 74 settlements within the zones of radioactive contamination due to the Chernobyl disaster ranged from 0.05 mSv/year to 0.12 mSv/year, which was significantly lower than the threshold value (1 mSv/year). The analyzed drinking water samples, water packaged in containers, and the samples produced in the region were in compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements, including those for 90Sr and 137Cs radionuclide contents. CONCLUSION: Radiation monitoring in the VR revealed that the content of technogenic radionuclides (137Cs and 90Sr) and other standardized parameters of radiation safety in water of open reservoirs and drinking water did not exceed the threshold values.

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