scholarly journals Rethinking the message of the church in the 21st century: An amalgamation between science and religion

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk G. Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Theological Training

Throughout its history, Christianity has stood in a dichotomous relation to the various philosophical movements or eras (pre-modernism, modernism, postmodernism and post-postmodernism) that took on different faces throughout history. In each period, it was the sciences that influenced, to a great extent, the interpretation and understanding of the Bible. Christianity, however, was not immune to influences, specifically those of the Western world. This essay reflects briefly on this dichotomy and the influence of Bultmann’s demythologising of the kerygma during the 20th century. Also, the remythologising (Vanhoozer) of the church’s message as proposed for the 21st century no more satisfies the critical Christian thinkers. The relationship between science and religion is revisited, albeit from a different perspective as established over the past two decades as to how the sciences have been pointed out more and more to complement theology. This article endeavours to evoke the church to consider the fundamental contributions of the sciences and how it is going to incorporate the sciences into its theological training and message to the world.

scholarly journals “Twisting the glory of both halves of this time...”: on the spatio-temporal and mythological manifestation in “The Lay of Igor’s Host”

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-626
Author(s):  
Olga A. Porol
Keyword(s):  
Russian Text ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Time Path ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

The article puts forward a hypothesis about the existence of the goddess of the ancient Slavs Slava in the Lay of Igors Host. Some dark places have been translated. When analyzing the work, a search for text parallels was used. Revealed and substantiated the relationship between separate Old Russian and Church Slavonic vocabulary. The semantic shades of the words mind, heart, time, path, contained in dark places are considered. An attempt was made to understand the peculiarities of the manifestation of space-time forms in the Lay of Igors Host. The coexistence of the present and the past tense in The Lay of Igors Campaign is explained by the timeless forms of being, the recognition by the ancient Russian scribe of two spaces. The duality in The Lay of Igors Host is manifested in the use of ancient pagan images, old words and epics of this time. The Church Slavonic word, dating back to the text of the Bible, contains many semantic shades, the explanation of which can reveal the depth and richness of the Old Russian text. The expressions that go back to the theme of Christianity are analyzed. At the end of the work, the emerging joyful attitude of the author of The Lay of Igors Host to the hero who destroyed his army and escaped from captivity is regarded as Christian. Willfulness and the fulfillment of Gods will are present in the character of Prince Igor, in his actions. Christian images in The Lay of Igors Host and the authors kind attitude to the defeated prince tell the reader about the new established Christian world, which, however, is in a difficult relationship with the world of former words, ancient pagan Slavic images.

Philosophy Educating Humanity

1998 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Carl Becker
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World View ◽  
Western World ◽  
Common Values ◽  
Asian Philosophy ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Ideals

The 20th century may be considered the ultimate expression of Western ideals and philosophy: "civilized" humanity's attempt to dominate "uncivilized" peoples and nature. The 21st century soberingly proclaims the shortsightedness and ultimate unsustainability of this philosophy. This paper shows the limitations of a modern Western world-view, and the practical applicability of ideas to be found in Asian philosophies. In outline, the contrast may be portrayed by the following overgeneralizations: (1) From a linear to a cyclical world view; (2) from divine salvation to karmic necessity; (3) from human dominion over nature to human place within nature; (4) from the perfectibility of humanity and the world through science; (5) from atomistic mechanistic individualism to organic interdependence; (6) from competition to cooperation; (7) from glorification of wealth to respect for humanhood; (8) from absolute cultural values to necessary common values. Each of these attitudes is examined in light of what we now know about the world in the 21st century, as Asian philosophy is found applicable to address future problems.

scholarly journals Servant leadership as part of spiritual formation of theological students in contextualisation of 21st century theological training

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Du Plessis ◽  
Carol M. Nkambule
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Spiritual Formation ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Theological Students ◽  
The One ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
The Church ◽  
Theological Training

The theory of servant leadership with its key concepts of servanthood and leadership has emerged during the last few decades. A person who has a heart for people and serves them whilst leading them practices servant leadership. Servant leaders are not motivated by attaining higher positions but by serving people. Leaders call people to follow a set vision. In the church, that vision ought to be a God vision, premised on the Word of God. Leaders in the church should lead people according to the guidance of the Bible and inspiration from God. He is the one who calls people, gives them an assignment and will require an account from them. The church has been in the spotlight in recent times because of the conduct of their leaders, who are the pastors assigned with the task of leading believers. Understanding the principles of servant leadership can contribute to spiritual formation of theological students in contextualisation of 21st century theological training. The article begins with a reflection on the findings of an empirical study, followed by a short view on the servant leadership of Moses, David, Paul and Jesus Christ. Thereafter, the article focuses on servant leadership characteristics and competencies or skills according to contemporary scholars, and the article concludes with a proposed model for servant leadership as part of spiritual formation of theological students.Contribution: Although the article is context specific to the Faculty of Theology, Mahikeng campus, the principles of servant leadership can contribute to the spiritual formation of all theological students and is especially relevant to the discourse of contextualised 21st century theological training.

ABU BAKR IBN AL-MUNDHIR, AMPUTATION, AND THE ART OF IJTIHĀD

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Semantic Shift ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

Few Islamic concepts have undergone as radical a semantic shift over the past couple of centuries as ijtihād. This Arabic term, confined for centuries to sophisticated works of legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh), has been liberated and transformed into the handmaiden of modern Muslim reformists throughout the world. Numerous Western scholars have investigated either the classical legal ijtihād of the first definition above or the modern employment of ijtihād among reformists encapsulated in the second, succinct gloss of this word. Valuable studies have been published on topics ranging from the relationship between ijtihād and writing fatwas (iftāء) to the so-called “closure of the gate of ijtihād” to the role of ijtihād in 19th- and 20th-century reform movements. In short, ijtihād is ubiquitous in modern studies and formulations of Islam.

‘By this mark you shall know him’: clerical celibacy and Antichrist in English Reformation polemic

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
Helen L. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Central Feature ◽  
English Reformation ◽  
John Bale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Divine Truth

‘Antichrist’, wrote William Tyndale in 1528, ‘is not an outward thyng, that is to say a man that should sode[n]ly appeare with wonders as our fathers talked of him. No, verely, for Antichrist is a spirituall thing. And this is as much to say as agaynst Christ, ye one that preacheth against Christ.’ Such a definition of Antichrist marked a departure from the traditional medieval legend, which was based upon the prophecy of a single future figure of evil. This new image of Antichrist as a permanent and spiritual presence in the world is a central feature of English Protestant polemic, informing interpretations of both biblical prophecies, and the history of the Church. It was not history which engendered right understanding of Scripture, but Scripture that offered the means of interpreting the past. The Bible offered paradigms for the understanding of history because it was the embodiment of divine truth, which was irreproachable and immutable. In the words of John Bale, ‘yet is the text a light to the chronicles, and not the chronicles to the text’.

scholarly journals Towards a Reform of the Christian Understanding of Shona Traditional Marriages in Light of Ancient Israelite Marriages

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Canisius Mwandayi
Keyword(s):  
Martin Luther ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Sacramental Theology ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Understanding ◽  
The Church

As we celebrate 500 years of the great reformist, Martin Luther, among the most memorable and cherished ideas about him were his calls for a return to the Bible as well as reforms in the understanding of marriage. Departing from the traditional sacramental theology of marriage, Luther convincingly argued that since matrimony existed from the beginning of the world, and still continues even among unbelievers, there are no reasons why it should be called a sacrament of the church alone. Tapping from his reformist ideas, this paper argues for the place of Shona traditional marriages in light of celebrated traditional biblical marriages. The argument here comes against the past and current onslaught against African traditional marriages. Evaluated against the European white wedding, African traditional marriages have been rated as living in sin unless a marriage had been blessed in church. Had it been just a colonial ill-thought it could have been tolerable, but what is quite disturbing is that most pastors today continue to ridicule those who are traditionally married but not yet married in church. Engaging a pragmatic approach to the biblical text, this paper argues that if God blessed such marriages as Isaac to Rachel, Jacob to Leah and Rachel, Boaz to Ruth and others—which were contracted traditionally—there is no way His hand could be seen as short when it comes to African marriages. Since biblical marriages which were contracted traditionally were not sinful in nature, one can use such examples as a leverage to appreciate and defend Shona traditional marriages.

scholarly journals Metafora ciemnej nocy w dziełach Johna Henry’ego Newmana

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
Natasza Lisowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Original Sin ◽  
John Henry Newman ◽  
Dark Night ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
The Church

The metaphor of dark night has been deeply rooted by John Henry Newman in the Bible, as evidenced in his sermons. In addition, it results from the inspiration of works of the Fathers of the Church, including St. Gregory of Nazianzus, whose poetry he valued, as well as it was taken over from Anglican theologians, Lancelot Andrewes, Bishop Winchester and Thomas Sherlock, Bishop of London. Apparently, this metaphor resounded in The Pillar of the Cloud, and other works confi rm the interpretation that the dark night depicts whole life of man as a pilgrim. Faith helps him to lean on God who leads him home. Certain similarities with this metaphor also occur in the poetry of Luis Rosales, a 20th-century Spanish poet. The dark night is also the season that fell after original sin, making the world unfriendly to man; henceforth he is subject to ignorance, sin and death. However, a believer can see some positive signs that night, which indicate the truth that the world is moving to the end of its path.

scholarly journals Exploring Religions in Relation to Populism: A Tour around the World

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Ihsan Yilmaz ◽  
Nicholas Morieson ◽  
Mustafa Demir
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Western World ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

This paper explores the emerging scholarship investigating the relationship between religion(s) and populism. It systematically reviews the various aspects of the phenomenon going beyond the Western world and discusses how religion and populism interact in various contexts around the globe. It looks at Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, and Christianity and how in different regions and cultural contexts, they merge with populism and surface as the bases of populist appeals in the 21st century. In doing so, this paper contends that there is a scarcity of literature on this topic particularly in the non-Western and Judeo-Christian context. The paper concludes with recommendations on various gaps in the field of study of religious populism.

IV.—The Geological Development, Descent and Distribution of the Mammalia

1893 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A. von Zittel
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
North And South America ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South ◽  
Animal World

In a spirited treatise on the ‘Origin of our Animal World’ Prof. L. Rütimeyer, in the year 1867, described the geological development and distribution of the mammalia, and the relationship of the different faunas of the past with each other and with that now existing. Although, since the appearance of that masterly sketch the palæontological material has been, at least, doubled through new discoveries in Europe and more especially in North and South America, this unexpected increase has in most instances only served as a confirmation of the views which Rutimeyer advanced on more limited experience. At present, Africa forms the only great gap in our knowledge of the fossil mammalia; all the remaining parts of the world can show materials more or less abundantly, from which the course followed by the mammalia in their geological development can be traced with approximate certainty.

Number of Siblings in Childhood, Social Outcomes in Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-234
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Merry ◽  
Donna Bobbitt-Zeher ◽  
Douglas B. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

In many parts of the world, fertility has declined in important ways in the past century. What are the consequences of this demographic change? Our study expands the empirical basis for understanding the relationship between number of siblings in childhood and social outcomes among adults. An important recent study found that for each additional sibling an individual grows up with, the likelihood of divorce as an adult declines by 3%. We expand this work by (a) determining whether the original pattern replicates in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and (b) extending the analysis beyond divorce to consider whether growing up with siblings is related to prosocial adult behaviors (relationships with parents, friends, and views on conflict management with one’s partner). Our results confirm a negative association between number of siblings and divorce in adulthood. We find mixed results related to other prosocial adult behaviors.

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