scholarly journals Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple-organ damage / dysfunction in complicated canine babesiosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Welzl ◽  
A.L. Leisewitz ◽  
L.S. Jacobson ◽  
T. Vaughan-Scott ◽  
E. Myburgh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Increased Risk

This study was designed to document the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in dogs with complicated babesiosis, and to assess their impact on outcome. Ninety-one cases were evaluated retro-spectively for SIRS and 56 for MODS. The liver, kidneys, lungs, central nervous system and musculature were assessed. Eighty-seven percent of cases were SIRS-positive. Fifty-two percent of the cases assessed for organ damage had single-organ damage and 48 % had MODS. Outcome was not significantly affected by either SIRS or MODS, but involvement of specific organs had a profound effect. Central nervous system involvement resulted in a 57 times greater chance of death and renal involvement in a 5-fold increased risk compared to all other complications. Lung involvement could not be statistically evaluated owing to co-linearity with other organs, but was associated with high mortality. Liver and muscle damage were common, but did not significantly affect outcome. There are manysimilarities between the observations in this study and previous human and animal studies in related fields, lending additional support to the body of evidence for shared underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in systemic inflammatory states.

scholarly journals Roles of PD-1 and PD-L1 receptors in the development of systemic inflammatory response and immunoadjuvant therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Khanova ◽  
E. V. Grigoryev
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Critically Ill Patient

<p>The modern view of systemic inflammatory response revolves around the fact that the key pathophysiological link is immunosuppression rather than the initial hyperinflammatory phase as previously supposed. Immunosuppression in critically induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome is associated with increased susceptibility of patients to secondary nosocomial infections and increased probability of progression to multiple organ failure. The role of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has been investigated in the context of systemic inflammatory response from the standpoint of its participation in the development of immunosuppression. One of the mechanisms of immunosuppression is the exhaustion of T-cells mediated by inhibitory PD-1 receptors. In the body, the PD-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway regulates autoimmunity, tumour immunity, transplant immunity, allergies and immunopathology. This review summarises the results of experimental studies demonstrating that blocking the interaction of PD-1 with its PD-L1 ligand recovers T-cell dysfunction and improves survival rates in animal models of sepsis. Moreover, a clinical case of the use of anti-PD-1 therapy that led to improvement in the status of a critically ill patient is described. Undesirable side effects of this therapeutic approach are also evaluated. Meanwhile, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been introduced into clinical practice to treat certain forms of cancer. Increased expression of PD-1 receptors in systemic inflammatory response syndrome is may thus be a prognostic marker.</p><p>Received 2 August 2019. Revised 15 November 2019. Accepted 15 November 2019.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The work is supported by a grant of the President of the Russian Federation for leading scientific schools НШ-2696.2018.7 “Prediction and preventive intensive care of persistent multiple organ failure.”</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>

Possible role of increased oxidant stress in multiple organ failure after systemic inflammatory response syndrome

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1048-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Motoyama ◽  
Kazufumi Okamoto ◽  
Ichirou Kukita ◽  
Masamichi Hamaguchi ◽  
Yoshihiro Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response

Sepsis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Physiological Status

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome defined by the presence of both infection and a systemic inflammatory response with or without organ damage. The pathogenesis of sepsis is complex and may differ according to the infecting microbe, the site of primary infection, and the host’s immunological and physiological status prior to infection. The term ‘systemic inflammatory response syndrome’ refers to the clinical manifestations of a dysregulated host immune response, while ‘bacteraemia’, in contrast, refers to the presence of viable organisms that can be cultured from blood.

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome following cardiac surgery: different expression of proinflammatory cytokines and procalcitonin in patients with and without multiorgan dysfunctions

Perfusion ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Sablotzki ◽  
Ivar Friedrich ◽  
Jörg Mühling ◽  
Marius G Dehne ◽  
Jan Spillner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Organ Dysfunctions

Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with an injury that may cause pathophysiological changes in the form of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). In the present study, we investigated the inflammatory response of patients with multiple organ dysfunctions following open-heart surgery. Plasma levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18) and procalcitonin (PCT) were measured on the first four postoperative days in 12 adult male patients with SIRS and two or more organ dysfunctions after myocar-dial revascularization (MODS group), and 15 patients without organ dysfunctions (SIRS group). All cytokines (except IL-1β) and PCT were significantly elevated in MODS patients, with peak values at the first two postoperative days. The results of our study show a different expression of members of the IL-1 family following extracorporeal circulation. For the first time, we can document that IL-18 is involved in the inflammatory response and the initiation of the MODS following cardiopulmonary bypass. In addition to APACHE-II score, PCT, IL-8, and IL-18 may be used as parameters for the prognosis of patients with organ dysfunctions after cardiac surgery. Furthermore, it must be noted that the duration of the surgical procedure is one of the most important factors for the initiation of the inflammatory response.

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