scholarly journals Piroplasm parasites of white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) in the Kruger National Park, and their relation to anaemia

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Govender ◽  
M. C. Oosthuisen ◽  
B. L. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Ceratotherium Simum ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Complete Blood Counts

As part of a larger survey to map the geographical distribution of Babesia and Theileria parasites in the southern African rhinoceros population, white rhinoceroses were sampled during routine immobilisations in the Kruger National Park. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse line blot (RLB) hybridisation assays were used to screen for the presence of piroplasms and complete blood counts were used to assess associated changes in clinical parameters. Of the 195 rhinoceroses sampled, 71 (36.4 %) tested positive for the presence of Theileria bicornis, with no significant change in the haematological parameters measured, while 18 (9.2 %) tested positive for Theileria equi. None of the rhinoceroses sampled tested positive for Babesia bicornis, a parasite associated with mortalities in black rhinoceroses.

scholarly journals Piroplasm parasites of white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) in the Kruger National Park, and their relation to anaemia

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Govender ◽  
M. C. Oosthuisen ◽  
B. L. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Ceratotherium Simum ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Complete Blood Counts

As part of a larger survey to map the geographical distribution of Babesia and Theileria parasites in the southern African rhinoceros population, white rhinoceroses were sampled during routine immobilisations in the Kruger National Park. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse line blot (RLB) hybridisation assays were used to screen for the presence of piroplasms and complete blood counts were used to assess associated changes in clinical parameters. Of the 195 rhinoceroses sampled, 71 (36.4 %) tested positive for the presence of Theileria bicornis, with no significant change in the haematological parameters measured, while 18 (9.2 %) tested positive for Theileria equi. None of the rhinoceroses sampled tested positive for Babesia bicornis, a parasite associated with mortalities in black rhinoceroses.

scholarly journals A Hypothesis for Explaining the Geographical Distribution of Crohn’s Disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus P Tamboli
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The etiology of Crohn’s disease (CD) remains unknown, although there is epidemiological evidence supporting an environmental influence. Recent molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction, have renewed interest in a possible etiological role ofMycobacterium paratuberculosis, which has been isolated from a number of CD patients. The organism causes a chronic enteritis in animals called paratuberculosis, a condition with many clinical and pathological similarities to CD. This review compares the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in animals with the epidemiology of CD in humans. There is considerable overlap of regions with high prevalences of paratuberculosis and CD. This finding adds support to the implication ofM paratuberculosisin the etiology of CD.

scholarly journals Identification and Genetic Diversity of Formae Speciales of Setosphaeria turcica in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tang ◽  
Z. G. Gao ◽  
Y. Yao ◽  
X. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Northern Leaf Blight ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Setosphaeria Turcica ◽  
Formae Speciales ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Setosphaeria turcica is an important pathogen that causes northern leaf blight of corn and sorghum. In total, 188 isolates were isolated from diseased leaves of maize and sorghum in China. However, differences in morphology were not apparent among S. turcica isolates derived from different hosts. The formae speciales were identified as S. turcica. f. sp. zeae and S. turcica. f. sp. sorghi. Universally primed polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) analysis led to the conclusion that genetic differences were present among these formae speciales and divided these isolates into five clades. The isolates of each clade belonged to the same forma specialis, and different formae speciales were assigned to different clades. The results of the present study demonstrated that pathogenic specialization of the S. turcica isolate correlated more closely with genetic diversity than geographical distribution. Therefore, combined with assays for pathogenicity, UP-PCR analysis yields an enhanced understanding of the formae speciales of S. turcica.

scholarly journals Prevalence of β-lactam (blaTEM) and Metronidazole (nim) Resistance Genes in the Oral Cavity of Greek Subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Koukos ◽  
Antonios Konstantinidis ◽  
Lazaros Tsalikis ◽  
Minas Arsenakis ◽  
Theodora Slini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objectives:The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence ofblaTEMandnimgenes that encode resistance to β-lactams and nitroimidazoles, respectively, in the oral cavity of systemically healthy Greek subjects.Materials and Methodology:After screening 720 potentially eligible subjects, 154 subjects were recruited for the study, including 50 periodontally healthy patients, 52 cases of gingivitis and 52 cases of chronic periodontitis. The clinical parameters were assessed with an automated probe. Various samples were collected from the tongue, first molars and pockets >6mm, and analysed by polymerase chain reaction-amplification of theblaTEMandnimgenes, using primers and conditions previously described in the literature.Results:There was a high rate of detection ofblaTEMin plaque and tongue samples alike in all periodontal conditions (37% of plaque and 60% of tongue samples, and 71% of participants). TheblaTEMgene was detected more frequently in the tongue samples of the periodontally healthy (56%) and chronic periodontitis (62%) groups compared to the plaque samples from the same groups (36% and 29%, respectively; z-test with Bonferroni corrections-tests,P<0.05). Thenimgene was not detected in any of the 343 samples analysed.Conclusion:The oral cavity of Greek subjects often harboursblaTEMbut notnimgenes, and therefore the antimicrobial activity of β-lactams might be compromised.

scholarly journals Hemoparasites in ticks of wild birds of Serra dos Órgãos National Park, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adlilton Pacheco ◽  
Matheus Dias Cordeiro ◽  
Marcio Barizon Cepeda ◽  
Hermes Ribeiro Luz ◽  
Sergian Vianna Cardozo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
National Park ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rickettsia Bellii

Abstract The aim of this study is to detect the presence of tick-borne agents of genera Rickettsia, Borrelia, Babesia, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma in ticks collected from native wild birds in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Birds were captured and observed carefully to find the ectoparasites. DNA detection of hemoparasites was performed by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sequences obtained were analyzed and their homologies were compared to the available isolates in the GenBank platform database. A total of 33 birds were captured from 20 different species, of which 14 were parasitized by Amblyomma longirostre (n = 22). There was absence of DNA from agents of the genera Babesia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia in the evaluated samples. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that one sample had 100% identity with Rickettsia bellii (KJ534309), the other two samples showed 100% identity with Rickettsia sp. Aranha strain and strain AL (EU274654 and AY360216). The positive sample for R. bellii was also demonstrated to be positive for Borrelia sp., which presented a similarity of 91% with Borrelia turcica (KF422815). This is the first description of Borrelia sp. in ticks of the genus Amblyomma in South America.

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